HHT技术探测Slichter模三重谱线的研究

探测Slichter模态三重分裂可有效约束内核密度、内核半径及内外核边界密度跳跃。虽然Smylie(1992)声称探测到了Slichter模态三重分裂,但至今未被国际学术界公认。本文结合一个实验算例,阐述了Hilbert-Huang变换(HHT)分析方法的核心思想,并将该方法应用于探测Slichter模三重分裂谱线的研究。我们选取了全球分布的8个台站连续记录两年的小时间隔超导重力数据,进行了潮汐和气压改正后,将它们叠加获得重力残差;然后对重力残差作HHT分析,得到能量谱,进而选出了12种可能的谱峰组合,其中两组结果与Smylie的结果很接近,且本文得到的谱峰分裂相比于Smylie的结果具有更好的对称性。     

基于波谱与分形特征的北京市耕地空间结构

在城乡协调发展的背景下,本文以自然属性为基础分析了北京具有不同经济属性的5类耕地的空间结构。波谱分析显示,不同类型耕地的空间分布具有不同的周期,它们共同形成了距天安门约23～44km(近郊平原)、44～66km(远郊平原)、66～126km(山区)的耕地宏观空间结构。通过计算各类耕地的空间维数和Hurst指数,认为景观农田区、美化农田区、近郊山区22～47km圈层的耕地不具备分形特征;规模农田区、景观廊道带、中远郊山区48～126km圈层的耕地由于受城市发展、自然条件、距离等因素的影响具有明显的分形特征。总体上,北京不同类型的耕地处于一种离散、连续和具有共度性、没有公度性的融合状态。     

Primordial non-Gaussianities in the intergalactic medium

We present results from the first high-resolution hydrodynamical simulations of non-Gaussian cosmological models. We focus on the statistical properties of the transmitted Lyman-α flux in the high-redshift intergalactic medium. Imprints of non-Gaussianity are present and are larger at high redshifts. Differences larger than 20 per cent at   z > 3  in the flux probability distribution function for high-transmissivity regions (voids) are expected for values of the non-linearity parameter   f _NL=±100  when compared to a standard Λ cold dark matter cosmology with   f _NL= 0  . We also investigate the one-dimensional flux bispectrum: at the largest scales (corresponding to tens of Mpc), we expect deviations in the flux bispectrum up to 20 per cent at   z ∼ 4  (for   f _NL=±100  ), significantly larger than deviations of ∼3 per cent in the flux power spectrum. We briefly discuss possible systematic errors that can contaminate the signal. Although challenging, a detection of non-Gaussianities in the interesting regime of scales and redshifts probed by the Lyman-α forest could be possible with future data sets.     

The evolution of the Lyα forest effective optical depth following He ii reionization

Three independent observational studies have now detected a narrow  (Δ z ≃ 0.5)  dip centred at   z = 3.2  in the otherwise smooth redshift evolution of the Lyα forest effective optical depth. This feature has previously been interpreted as an indirect signature of rapid photoheating in the intergalactic medium (IGM) during the epoch of He  ii reionization. We examine this interpretation using a semi-analytic model of inhomogeneous He  ii reionization and high-resolution hydrodynamical simulations of the Lyα forest. We instead find that a rapid  (Δ z ≃ 0.2)  boost to the IGM temperature  (Δ T ≃ 10⁴ K)  beginning at   z = 3.4  produces a well understood and generic evolution in the Lyα effective optical depth, where a sudden reduction in the opacity is followed by a gradual, monotonic recovery driven largely by adiabatic cooling in the low-density IGM. This behaviour is inconsistent with the narrow feature in the observational data. If photoheating during He  ii reionization is instead extended over several redshift units, as recent theoretical studies suggest, then the Lyα opacity will evolve smoothly with redshift. We conclude that the sharp dip observed in the Lyα forest effective optical depth is instead most likely due to a narrow peak in the hydrogen photoionization rate around   z = 3.2  , and suggest that it may arise from the modulation of either reprocessed radiation during He  ii reionization, or the opacity of Lyman limit systems.     

Classifying broad absorption line quasars: metrics, issues and a new catalogue constructed from SDSS DR5

We apply a recently developed method for classifying broad absorption line quasars (BALQSOs) to the latest quasi-stellar object (QSO) catalogue constructed from Data Release 5 of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey. Our new hybrid classification scheme combines the power of simple metrics, supervised neural networks and visual inspection. In our view, the resulting BALQSO catalogue is both more complete and more robust than all previous BALQSO catalogues, containing 3552 sources selected from a parent sample of 28 421 QSOs in the redshift range  1.7 < z < 4.2  . This equates to a raw BALQSO fraction of 12.5 per cent.
In the process of constructing a robust catalogue, we shed light on the main problems encountered when dealing with BALQSO classification, many of which arise due to the lack of a proper physical definition of what constitutes a BAL. This introduces some subjectivity in what is meant by the term BALQSO, and because of this, we also provide all of the meta-data used in constructing our catalogue, for every object in the parent QSO sample. This makes it easy to quickly isolate and explore subsamples constructed with different metrics and techniques. By constructing composite QSO spectra from subsamples classified according to the meta-data, we show that no single existing metric produces clean and robust BALQSO classifications. Rather, we demonstrate that a variety of complementary metrics are required at the moment to accomplish this task. Along the way, we confirm the finding that BALQSOs are redder than non-BALQSOs and that the raw BALQSO fraction displays an apparent trend with signal-to-noise ratio steadily increasing from 9 per cent in low signal-to-noise ratio data up to 15 per cent.     

梅汛期南亚高压活动的谱特征分析——波能密度谱

本文是应用100hPa北半球高度场格点资料,选取2003-2005年6-7月南亚高压季节性东进、北移的15个过程,其中包括这3年中在入、出梅期间500 hPa副热带高压有响应的季节性北移个例.计算了40 °N的波谱物理量-1～7波的方差比和波能密度,分析其西风带长波-超长波的调整和南亚高压的东进、北移的相关,并从波能密度的演变特征来识别何种长波波动对南亚高压的季节性变化具有最大的贡献.从而得出100hPa 40 °N的超长波的调整是南亚高压季节性东进、北移的环流背景,而西风带4～6波的长波槽波能密度的激增是诱发南亚高压季节性演变的最大贡献者.     

南京冬季平流雾微物理结构观测研究

利用Vaisala系留气球低空探测系统、自动气象站和雾滴谱光谱探测仪（FM100）等,对2006年12月24—27日南京市区及其周边地区出现的罕见浓雾过程进行了综合探测。结果表明,此次雾过程属于典型的平流雾,雾的发展及消亡过程主要受冷暖平流的影响。此次雾过程可分为生成、发展、维持和消亡阶段,期间的平均数密度为123.58-661.24个.cm^-3,平均直径为3.12-7.33μm,平均含水量为0.016-0.137 g.m^-3,最大直径为20.28-50.00μm。在生成发展阶段,雾滴谱逐渐上抬、拓宽,谱型由单峰逐步向双峰、三峰转化。单峰峰值直径为2μm,双峰2μm、16μm;三峰期间分别为2μm、16μm和23μm。在维持阶段,滴谱存在周期性振荡。雾滴谱的演变具有明显的日变化特征。     

亚太季风各子系统的准两年变化特征及其比较

亚太季风各子系统（南亚季风、南海季风、西北太平洋季风和东亚副热带季风）都具有显著的准两年变化周期,利用4个季风指数研究它们准两年模态振幅的演变和相关的环流变化。结果表明,亚太季风各子系统的准两年模态有明显的年代际变化,并不是一直有效地影响季风区。与亚太季风各子系统准两年变化相关的海温异常,低层风场也有不同的分布特点和演变特征。     

太阳射电尖峰爆与电子回旋共振吸收

本文采用等离子体动力学方法，研究了日冕条件下磁化非相对论热等离子体对太阳射电辐射产生的电子回旋共振吸收，并在辐射频率等于电子回旋谐波频率时求得ｎ≥２谐波吸收率的近似表示式，以及其对等离子体温度，出射角度和谐波数的变化规律，在应用部分，讨论了电子回旋共振吸收对于太阳射电尖峰爆发的影响，认为目前观测到的尖峰爆，大多数高能电子束来自日冕的内层。