北京密云沙厂BIF型铁矿地质地球化学特征与成矿时代

北京密云沙厂铁矿为产于太古宙密云岩群变质岩系中的鞍山式铁矿,具有条带状铁建造(BIF)特征。矿石主要呈条带状构造,致密块状结构;矿石类型以磁铁石英岩型铁矿石为主,w(Fe)=25%~30%。围岩主要有黑云母(角闪)斜长片麻岩、辉石变粒岩和斜长角闪岩,局部见英云闪长质片麻岩。对选自黑云斜长片麻岩中的锆石进行U-Pb定年,具有核边结构、Th/U0.4的锆石其核部2组年龄为2 619Ma±25Ma和2 544Ma±16Ma。锆石的2 619Ma±25Ma年龄代表原岩为基性火山岩的黑云斜长片麻岩的形成年龄,同时也代表火山喷发和沙厂铁矿BIF沉积年龄;2 544 Ma±16 Ma锆石年龄可能代表后期TTG特征的花岗质片麻岩的侵位、叠加改造年龄。岩石的主、微量元素特征表明黑云斜长片麻岩富集Rb、Ba、Sr,亏损Th、U,表明沙厂BIF沉积时可能存在新太古代(约2 550 Ma)地壳增生事件。认为沙厂铁矿属Algoma型BIF,是新太古代末华北陆块初步克拉通化和大规模岩浆热事件的代表之一。     

东昆仑东段香加南山花岗岩基斜长石成分组成与岩浆演化和混合作用

东昆仑东段香加南山花岗岩基岩浆混合作用明显,斜长石作为主要造岩矿物,是研究岩石成因、示踪岩浆演化和岩浆混合过程的有效工具。对香加南山花岗岩基中寄主岩及暗色微粒包体中的斜长石进行岩相学和矿物化学研究。电子探针结果显示:寄主岩中正常环带斜长石(39~48,21~36)、包体中斜长石捕掳晶(41~49,35~36,43~49,31~47,27~38)和寄主岩矿物中包裹斜长石(29~45,14~32)具有演化的An值;部分寄主岩斜长石核部由于受到后期蚀变具有较高的An值(59~72)。包体中基质斜长石大部分具核边结构,核部(52,31)和边部(33~37,25)An值存在间断;少量斜长石核部受到蚀变,An值较低(49),幔部(55~71)An值高于边部(46~49);部分包体中基质斜长石核部呈补丁状,暗色部分An值较高(66),浅色部分An值较低(33~39)。包体中斜长石捕掳晶主要分为干净斜长石捕掳晶和含有矿物的斜长石捕掳晶两大类,干净斜长石环带明显或聚片双晶发育,An值变化范围较小(41~49,35~36);含有暗色矿物的斜长石捕掳晶An值整体也呈震荡变化(43~49,31~47,27~38),但由于受到蚀变,部分测点An值较高(78),少量斜长石具有高An值增生边(73)。以上研究显示,结晶于寄主岩的斜长石正常演化序列反映寄主岩从演化早期到晚期,岩浆逐渐从偏基性向酸性转变;包体基质斜长石为包体进入寄主岩温度、压力和水饱和度降低导致斜长石受到熔蚀后继续结晶结果;包体中斜长石捕掳晶来自寄主岩,由于进入包体后温度和压力产生变化,以及后期生长,导致斜长石的成分和构造有所不同。香加南山花岗岩基及暗色微粒包体中斜长石的复杂环带为幔源镁铁质岩浆注入长英质岩浆混合作用的结果。     

杭州地区雷雨大风灾害风险区划

通过对杭州市7个地面气象观测站及200多个自动气象站的观测资料进行筛选,得到杭州地区2004—2010年雷雨大风序列,分析其时空变化特征;从致灾因子、孕灾环境、承灾环境、防灾能力角度对杭州地区雷雨大风灾害进行风险区划。结果表明,雷雨大风多发生在春、夏季节;午后及傍晚,地势较低的平原、河谷、峡谷地带。杭州地区雷雨大风高风险区域主要分布在城区、富阳、余杭、萧山、临安东北部及千岛湖富春江流域一带;低风险区域主要分布于淳安、建德北部以及杭州中部部分地区。     

Mechanism of Crystal Redistribution in a Sheet-like Magma Body: Constraints from the Nosappumisaki and Other Shoshonite Intrusions in the Nemuro Peninsula, Northern Japan

Processes of crystal separation in a magma heavily laden withcrystals without phase change are investigated from observationson frozen magma systems: Nosappumisaki and other shoshoniteintrusions in the Nemuro peninsula, Japan, for which the originof the crystals and the initial conditions are well constrained.The Nosappumisaki intrusion is 120 m in thickness and extendsfor more than 1·5 km. It exhibits a wide range of lithologicalvariation, principally as a result of crystal redistributionafter intrusion. Crystals in each lithology can be clearly dividedinto two kinds according to their composition and texture: thosepresent before the intrusion of the magma (‘phenocrysts’)and those that crystallized in situ after intrusion. From thevertical change in mode and size of ‘phenocrysts’,it is shown that (1) augite ‘phenocrysts’ were rapidlydeposited, with little overgrowth after intrusion, by significantcoagulation or clustering on a time-scale of more than a fewyears, and (2) plagioclase ‘phenocrysts’, definitelydenser than the melt but concentrated in the upper level, floatedby counter flow of massive deposition of augite ‘phenocrysts’.These results indicate that in a magma heavily laden with crystalsof a few millimeters in size (>20 vol. %), crystal–crystaland crystal–melt interaction play an important role inthe separation of crystals from the host melt. KEY WORDS: magma chamber; sill; crystal settling; plagioclase flotation; Nosappumisaki     

Spatial relationships of salt distribution and related physical changes of underlying rocks on naturally weathered sandstone exposures (Bohemian Switzerland National Park,Czech Republic)

Efflorescence, case hardening, and granular disintegration represent common weathering features of Upper Cretaceous quartz sandstones exposed in the Bohemian Switzerland National Park (NW Bohemia, Czech Republic). Salt species (sulphates: gypsum (CaSO₄·2H₂O), potassium alum (KAl(SO₄)₂·12H₂O), tschermigite (NH₄Al(SO₄)₂·12H₂O), alunite (K(Al₃(SO₄)₂(OH)₆), and alunogen (Al₂(SO₄)₃·17H₂O), minor nitrates: nitrammite (NH₄NO₃)) determined by X-ray diffraction exhibit vertical and geographic zoning. More soluble salts (chlorides, nitrates, tschermigite) crystallize preferentially on the cliffs exposed to the south, whereas the north face is characterized by the presence of less soluble phases: gypsum and K(Al₃(SO₄)₂(OH)₆. Vertical zoning of salt distribution on natural outcrops differs from the salt distribution in masonry. Salt distribution near the base of the cliff (profile to about 2–2.5 m above the ground) is affected by capillary rise from the ground level (first maximum of water-soluble salts at the level of 1–1.5 m above the ground) and by percolation of precipitation through the overhanging rock sequence (second maximum of 2–2.5 m above the ground). Percolation of salt solution from higher parts is affected by the asperity of the rock surface. The concentration of salts (determined by ion exchange chromatography) correlates to the changes of physical properties: bulk porosity, microporosity and water absorption. The porosity, microporosity, moisture content and absorption generally increase with the increasing volume of sulphates and nitrates.     

A recalibration of the garnet-olivine geothermometer and a new geobarometer for garnet peridotites and garnet-olivine-plagioclase-bearing granulites

The garnet-olivine Fe-Mg exchange geothermometer and the garnet-olivine-plagioclase geobarometer have been simultaneously calibrated using reversed experimental data based on the model reactions and between 900 and 1500 °C at 9.1–95.0 kbar and between 4.7 and 7.0 kbar at 750–1050 °C, respectively. The resulting garnet-olivine thermometer reproduces experimental temperatures mostly within ±75 °C and the garnet-olivine-plagioclase barometer reproduces experimental pressures well within ±0.19 kbar. These new thermobarometers use the same garnet and olivine activity models and are thermodynamically consistent. Application of these thermobarometers to garnet peridotites from mantle xenoliths, orogenic garnet peridotites over the world and the Adirondack olivine-bearing metagabbros yielded reasonable P–T results. The present garnet-olivine thermometer can be used to measure medium-high-grade to ultrahigh-grade, low-pressure to ultrahigh–high-pressure garnet peridotites and metagabbros, whereas the garnet-olivine-plagioclase barometer has limited application to garnet-olivine-plagioclase-bearing granulites.     

Petrographic Discrimination of Low- and High-Temperature I-type Granites

Abstract. The existence of two groups of I-type granites, those formed at relatively low- and high-temperatures, has been established using differences in zircon saturation and patterns of bulk compositional variation between those two groups. Granites of these two groups also show some distinctive petrographic differences. The clearest petrographic distinction between the low- and high-temperature granites is seen in the crystals of plagioclase. In all but the most felsic low-temperature granites these crystals are always complex and commonly have corroded cores, which may be as calcic as An₈₀. Core compositions are fairly uniform in composition compared with the outer parts, which display normal and oscillatory zones of varying widths. In the high-temperature granites the crystals of plagioclase are generally better-shaped with a uniform composition and lack the prominent corroded cores of the low-temperature granites. These differences are due to the fact that homogenization of plagioclase proceeds very slowly at low magmatic temperatures.     

普洱地区中二叠统茅口阶地层及类分带

云南普洱中二叠统茅口阶地层处于古特提斯海云南 老挝海槽 ,沉积物为大套碳酸盐岩夹泥质岩。类化石十分丰富 ,依据垂直分布特征 ,由下而上建立Parafusulinanosonensis带及Neoschwagerinacriticulifera N .douvillei带 ,同时介绍了二化石带中类动物群特征 ,为与邻区中二叠统茅口阶地层的划分和对比提供了新的依据。     

常宁县黄沙窿铜矿区原生晕特征

黄沙窿铜矿区热液矿床原生晕,严格受南北向与近东西向两组构造控制.与赤铁矿化、白云石化等围岩蚀变有密切关系。区内矿化蚀变与原生晕组分,有明显的垂直分带特征。其中Ⅱ矿带元素分带序列从上至下为Sb—As—Ag—Pb—Cu—Bi—Zn—(As)—Sn。据此可作为前缘与尾缘异常的评价依据。当地表矿体引起的原生异常中,包含明显的Sb、Ag异常,且Sb/Sn>0.3;蚀变以白云石化、赤铁矿化为主,矿石矿物主要为辉铜矿时,说明该矿体向深部尚有较大的延深,延深距离可用文中提到的线性方程来判断。笔者根据前缘异常评价指标,推测ZK_(13)与ZK_(24)间有盲矿存在。