Geological Characteristics and Zircon U‐Pb Dating of Volcanic Rocks from the Beizhan Iron Deposit in Western Tianshan Mountains,Xinjiang, NW China

The Beizhan large iron deposit located in the east part of the Awulale metallogenic belt in the western Tianshan Mountains is hosted in the Unit 2 of the Dahalajunshan Formation as lens, veinlets and stratoid, and both of the hanging wall and footwall are quartz-monzonite; the dip is to the north with thick and high-grade ore bodies downwards. Ore minerals are mainly magnetite with minor sulfides, such as pyrite, pyrrhotite, chalcopyrite and sphalerite. Skarnization is widespread around the ore bodies, and garnet, diopside, wollastonite, actinolite, epidote, uralite, tourmaline sericite and calcite are ubiquitous as gangues. Radiating outwards from the center of the ore body the deposit can be classified into skarn, calcite, serpentinite and marble zones. LA-ICP-MS zircon U-Pb dating of the rhyolite and dacite from the Dahalajunshan Formation indicates that they were formed at 301.3±0.8 Ma and 303.7±0.9 Ma, respectively, which might have been related to the continental arc magmatism during the late stage of subduction in the western Tianshan Mountains. Iron formation is genetically related with volcanic eruption during this interval. The Dahalajunshan Formation and the quartz-monzonite intrusion jointly control the distribution of ore bodies. Both ore textures and wall rock alteration indicate that the Beizhan iron deposit is probably skarn type.     

阜平杂岩年龄及其地质意义：兼论前寒武高级变质地体的定年问题

本文通过对比锆石TIMS（热电离质谱法），SHRIMP（高灵敏度离子探针）及ICPMS－LP（等离子体质谱－激光探针）分析方法对阜平杂岩中主要岩石获得的年龄结果，讨论了阜平杂岩中几种主要岩石的形成时代及其地质意义。研究结果表明阜平杂岩是由不同时代、不同成因的各种高级变质岩组成，其主体是2．51Ga的TTG片麻岩并包裹了少量2．7Ga的大陆残片。同时阜平地区还发育一期2．05Ga的岩浆活动。阜平杂岩中的湾子表壳岩可能沉积发育于2．5Ga和2．1Ga之间。本文还通过比较三种锆石同位素定年方法的特点，进而讨论了几种方法在高级变质地体定年上的可行性，特别强调了锆石内部结构、化学组成等成因矿物学方面的研究对锆石年代学的主要意义。     

胶北地体地壳演化：玲珑黑云母花岗岩继承锆石U-Pb年龄、微量元素和Hf同位素证据

胶北地体晚侏罗世下地壳重熔的玲珑黑云母花岗岩大面积出露,其中残留有大量继承锆石,记录了多期热事件,为复杂的地壳演化过程提供了重要线索。论文通过分析玲珑黑云母花岗岩中继承锆石的U-Pb年龄、微量元素和Hf同位素组成,探讨了胶北地体的地壳演化历史。结果显示胶北地体前寒武纪经历了~2.9Ga和~2.7Ga两期主要的地壳生长事件,~2.5Ga和2.2~1.8Ga两期地壳重熔改造事件,~2.5Ga和1.95~1.8Ga两期变质事件。~2.9Ga的岩浆作用形成于岛弧环境,~2.7Ga岩浆活动与下地壳基性物质的部分熔融有关,~2.5Ga发生的岩浆和变质事件与地幔柱底侵作用有关,并有同时期的表壳岩组合-胶东岩群形成。~2.1Ga地壳处于拉张状态,伴有与裂谷活动有关的双峰式岩浆作用,荆山群和粉子山群开始沉积,而后1.95~1.8Ga发生碰撞造山运动,胶北所有早前寒武纪岩石单元卷入此次事件,并发生变质作用。自此之后,直至二叠纪末,胶北处于岩浆活动的沉寂期,但于~1.7Ga和~1.0Ga发生沉积作用,形成芝罘群和蓬莱群。二叠纪末扬子板块向北俯冲于华北克拉通之下,并于三叠纪与华北克拉通发生陆陆碰撞作用,致使扬子板块北缘新元古代花岗岩发生超高压变质,形成苏鲁超高压变质带,之后超高压变质岩发生折返。玲珑黑云母花岗岩复杂的继承锆石组成可能表征了前寒武纪岩石卷入陆-陆碰撞事件而发生再循环作用。     

华北克拉通大青山-集宁地区古元古代变质沉积岩的锆石氧同位素组成:SHRIMP微区原位分析

在已获得锆石U-Pb年龄基础上,我们首次对孔兹岩带典型出露区大青山和集宁土贵乌拉地区古元古代变质沉积岩进行了锆石SHRIMP氧同位素研究。锆石具有复杂的内部结构和年龄分布。大青山地区古元古代早期变质沉积岩4个样品碎屑锆石的δ18O为5.52‰~7.11‰,部分重结晶锆石的δ18O为7.22‰~7.90‰,变质新生锆石的δ18O为6.37‰~8.31‰。大青山地区古元古代晚期变质沉积岩2个样品的锆石O同位素组成特征与古元古代早期的类似,另外2个样品的锆石O同位素组成与之不同,碎屑锆石、部分重结晶锆石和变质新生锆石的δ18O分别为6.26‰~10.80‰、9.00‰~11.20‰和9.66‰~11.90‰。集宁土贵乌拉地区古元古代晚期超高温变质沉积岩4个样品不存在碎屑锆石,变质锆石的δ18O变化范围为11.41‰~13.57‰。主要认识如下:1)大青山地区碎屑沉积物主要来自新太古代晚期-古元古代早期成熟度不高的TTG花岗质岩石物源区,与之相比,集宁土贵乌拉地区古元古代晚期超高温岩石的变质原岩成熟度更高;2)不同类型变质沉积岩变质新生锆石的δ18O和变质新生锆石与碎屑锆石的Δ18O存在明显区别,主要反映了岩石体系和变质流体的O同位素组成不同;3)大青山地区高角闪岩相-麻粒岩相变质沉积岩,重结晶锆石的O同位素完全重置,但U-Th-Pb体系未完全重置,集宁土贵乌拉地区超高温变质沉积岩的重结晶锆石O和U-Th-Pb同位素体系都完全重置。变质作用强度不同是主要原因。     

Evolution of subcontinental lithospheric mantle beneath eastern China: Re–Os isotopic evidence from mantle xenoliths in Paleozoic kimberlites and Mesozoic basalts

The ages of subcontinental lithospheric mantle beneath the North China and South China cratons are less well-constrained than the overlying crust. We report Re–Os isotope systematics of mantle xenoliths entrained in Paleozoic kimberlites and Mesozoic basalts from eastern China. Peridotite xenoliths from the Fuxian and Mengyin Paleozoic diamondiferous kimberlites in the North China Craton give Archean Re depletion ages of 2.6–3.2 Ga and melt depletion ages of 2.9–3.4 Ga. No obvious differences in Re and Os abundances, Os isotopic ratios and model ages are observed between spinel-facies and garnet-facies peridotites from both kimberlite localities. The Re–Os isotopic data, together with the PGE concentrations, demonstrate that beneath the Archean continental crust of the eastern North China Craton, Archean lithospheric mantle of spinel- to diamond-facies existed without apparent compositional stratification during the Paleozoic. The Mesozoic and Cenozoic basalt-borne peridotite and pyroxenite xenoliths, on the other hand, show geochemical features indicating metasomatic enrichment, along with a large range of the Re–Os isotopic model ages from Proterozoic to Phanerozoic. These features indicate that lithospheric transformation or refertilization through melt-peridotite interaction could be the primary mechanism for compositional changes during the Phanerozoic, rather than delamination or thermal-mechanical erosion, despite the potential of these latter processes to play an important role for the loss of garnet-facies mantle. A fresh garnet lherzolite xenolith from the Yangtze Block has a Re depletion age of ∼1.04 Ga, much younger than overlying Archean crustal rocks but the same Re depletion ages as spinel lherzolite xenoliths from adjacent Mesozoic basalts, indicating Neoproterozoic resetting of the Re–Os system in the South China Craton.     

东天山双龙铜矿石英闪长岩锆石U-Pb定年、Hf同位素分析及对构造环境的制约

通过对新疆东天山雅满苏岛弧带双龙铜矿成岩地质特征、岩石地球化学特征及Hf同位素分析,认为赋矿岩体为一套形成于后碰撞环境下的准铝质高钾钙碱性岩石系列的石英闪长岩,LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb同位素年龄为(300.9±1.2)Ma。岩石地球化学显示,赋矿岩石具富集大离子亲石元素(LILE)K,Rb等及高场强元素(HFSE)Th,U,Zr和Hf,贫Nb,Ta,Ti,Sr,P特征,可能形成于后碰撞构造环境。石英闪长岩锆石176Hf/177Hf变化范围0.282949~0.283002,平均值0.282979,εHf(t)值为12.32~14.40,平均13.40,tDM2(Hf)为375~482Ma,平均429Ma,表明岩浆物源可能来自志留纪新生地壳的部分熔融。     

Geochemical Characteristics,Origin, and Evolution of Ore‐Forming Fluids of the Khut Copper Skarn Deposit,West of Yazd in Central Iran

The Khut copper skarn deposit is located at about 50 km northwest of Taft City in Yazd province in the middle part of the Urumieh‐Dokhtar magmatic arc. Intrusion of granitoid of Oligocene–Miocene age into carbonate rocks of the Triassic Nayband Formation led to the formation of marble and a calcic skarn. The marble contains high grade Cu mineralization that occurs mainly as open space filling and replacement. Cu‐rich sulfide samples from the mineralized marble are also anomalous in Au, Zn, and Pb. In contrast, the calcic skarn is only weakly anomalous in Cu and W. The calcic skarn is divided into garnet skarn and garnet–pyroxene skarn zones. Paragenetic relationships and microthermometric data from fluid inclusions in garnet and calcite indicate that the compositional evolution of skarn minerals occurred in three main stages as follows. (i) The early prograde stage, which is characterized by Mg‐rich hedenbergite (Hd_53.7Di_42.3–Hd_86.1Di_9.5) with Al‐bearing andradite (69.8–99.5 mol% andradite). The temperature in the early prograde skarn varies from 400 to 500°C at 500 bar. (ii) The late prograde stage is manifested by almost pure andradite (96.2–98.4 mol% andradite). Based on the fluid inclusion data from garnet, fluid temperature and salinity in this stage is estimated to vary from 267 to 361°C and from 10.1 to 21.1 wt% NaCl equivalent, respectively. Pyrrhotite precipitation started during this stage. (iii) The retrograde stage occurs in an exoskarn, which consists of an assemblage of ferro‐actinolite, quartz, calcite, epidote, chlorite, sphalerite, pyrite, and chalcopyrite that partially replaces earlier mineral assemblages under hydrostatic conditions during fracturing of the early skarn. Fluids in calcite yielded lower temperatures (T < 260°C) and fluid salinity declined to ～8 wt% NaCl equivalent. The last stage mineralization in the deposit is supergene weathering/alteration represented by the formation of iron hydroxide, Cu‐carbonate, clay minerals, and calcite. Sulfur isotope data of chalcopyrite (δ³⁴S of +1.4 to +5.2‰) show an igneous sulfur source. Mineralogy and mineral compositions of the prograde assemblage of the Khut skarn are consistent with deposition under intermediately oxidized and slightly lower fS₂ conditions at shallow crustal levels compared with those of other typical Fe‐bearing Cu–Au skarn systems.     

常用锂同位素地质标准物质的多接收器电感耦合等离子体质谱分析研究

锂同位素研究是非传统稳定同位素地球化学研究的前沿,已广泛应用于从地表到地幔的岩石圈及流体等固体地球科学的研究领域。准确测定锂同位素比值是应用该同位素体系的前提。本文报道了国际上7种常用地质标准物质(BHVO-2、JB-2、BCR-2、AGV-2、NKT-1、L-SVEC、IRMM-016)的锂同位素组成数据。分析中采用硝酸-氢氟酸混合酸消解岩石标准样品,通过3根阳离子交换树脂(AG50W-X8,200~400目)填充的聚丙烯交换柱和石英交换柱对锂进行分离富集,利用Neptune型多接收器电感耦合等离子体质谱(MC-ICPMS)测定锂同位素比值,使用标准-样品交叉法(SSB)校正仪器的质量分馏。实验得到这7种常用地质标准物质的锂同位素组成与测试精度(2SD)分别为:δ7LiBHVO-2—L-SVEC=4.7‰±1.0‰(n=53),δ7LiJB-2—L-SVEC=4.9‰±1.0‰(n=20),δ7LiBCR-2—L-SVEC=4.4‰±0.8‰(n=8),δ7LiAGV-2—L-SVEC=6.1‰±0.4‰(n=14),δ7LiNKT-1—L-SVEC=9.8‰±0.2‰(n=3),δ7LiL-SVEC—L-SVEC=-0.3‰±0.3‰(n=10),δ7LiIRMM-016—L-SVEC=0.0‰±0.5‰(n=10),这些数据在误差范围内与国际上已发表的数据一致。Li同位素分析精度可以达到大约0.5‰,长期的分析精度即外部重现性≤±1.0‰,达到了国际同类实验室水平。7种常用地质标准物质的锂同位素组成数据的发表为锂同位素研究提供了统一的标准,使地质样品的锂同位素数据的质量监控成为可能。在基质效应的研究中,使用不同量的IRMM-016配制的标准溶液过柱,深入探讨了样品量对锂同位素测定值的影响,结果表明,在现有测试精度下,只要分析样品的锂含量达到100μg/L,且不超过树脂的承载量,样品的锂同位素组成在误差范围内与真值吻合,样品量的大小不影响锂同位素测定结果的准确性。     

Timing of Proterozoic magmatism in the Sunsas belt,Bolivian Precambrian Shield,SW Amazonian Craton

We present new U-Pb zircon and monazite ages from the Sunsas belt granitic magmatism in Bolivia,SW Amazonian Craton.The geochronological results revealed four major magmatic events recorded along the Sunsas belt domains.The older igneous event formed a granitic basement coeval to the Rio Apa Terrane(1.95-1.85 Ga)in the southern domain.The second magmatic episode is represented by 1.68 Ga granites associated to the Paraguá Terrane(1.69-1.66 Ga)in the northern domain.The 1.37-1.34 Ga granites related to San Ignacio orogeny represent the third and more pervasive magmatic event,recorded throughout the Sunsas belt.Moreover,magmatic ages of～1.42 Ga revealed that the granitogenesis asso-ciated to the Santa Helena orogeny also affected the Sunsas belt,indicating that it was not restricted to the Jauru Terrane.Lastly,the 1.10-1.04 Ga youngest magmatism was developed during the Sunsas oro-geny and represents the final magmatic evolution related to Rodinia assembly.Likewise,the 1.95-1.85 and 1.68 Ga inherited zircon cores obtained in the～1.3 Ga and 1.0 Ga granite samples suggest strong par-tial melting of the Paleoproterozoic sources.The 1079±14 Ma and 1018±6 Ma monazite crystallization ages can be correlated to the collisional tectono-thermal event of the Sunsas orogeny,associated to reac-tions of medium-to high-grade metamorphism.Thus,the Sunsas belt was built by heterogeneous 1.95-1.85 Ga and 1.68 Ga crustal fragments that were reworked at 1.37-1.34 Ga and 1.10-1.04 Ga related to orogenic collages.Furthermore,the 1.01 Ga monazite age suggests that granites previously dated by zir-con can bear evidence of a younger thermal history.Therefore,the geochronological evolution of the Sunsas belt may have been more complex than previously thought.     

浙江东南印支晚期的构造伸展事件：来自诸暨大爽岩体的证据

出露于浙江省东南部的大爽岩体为黑云母二长花岗岩,LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年代学研究表明该岩体形成于227±2Ma,属印支晚期岩浆作用的产物。地球化学分析显示该岩石低Na2O、富K2O,A/CNK=1.26~1.49(大于1.1),为强过铝质、钾玄质系列花岗岩;岩石稀土总量较高,富Sr(Sr=874.6×10-6~1158×10-6),贫Yb(Yb=3.00×10-6~3.92×10-6),富轻稀土而亏损重稀土,具轻微的负铕异常(δEu=0.68~0.70);相对富集Rb、Th等大离子亲石元素,而亏损Nb、Ta等高场强元素;Sr-Nd同位素分析表明岩石具有较高的初始锶比值(I Sr=0.710718~0.711008)和较低εNd(t)值(εNd(t)=-10.9~-11.1),上述地球化学特征指示该岩体岩浆源区为古老的地壳物质。综合分析认为大爽岩体是古老地壳部分减压熔融的产物,受控于印支造山后的伸展应力作用。