矿山环境地质问题综合评价指标体系

本指标体系把矿山环境地质问题归为三大类23项指标，提出以指标指数作为划分环境地质问题危害程度等级的依据，给出2类指标评价指数的计算方法，以及各指标相应的权重。在此基础上，用模糊数学综合评判法评定矿山环境地质问题的历史、现状及其发展趋势的影响程度。在考虑矿山区位条件和恢复治理难度的基础上，最终给出矿山环境地质问题的综合评价等级，该等级也同时反映了矿山地质环境恢复治理的优先顺序。     

放射性元素和毒性重金属污染土壤的治理探讨--以湖南雄磺矿和七一五铀矿为例

湖南雄磺矿和七一五铀矿的长期开采和冶炼,对矿山生态环境造成了严重的污染和破坏,直接影响到了矿山周边居民的正常生产与生活。从2003年起,国土资源部和国家财政部拨出了专款实施矿山地质环境治理工程。其中对放射性和毒性元素污染的土地治理都是采用的机械物理复垦土地的方法,比起国外先进的原地微生物净化处理方法来,缺少科技含量。通过介绍保加利亚中部两个矿山采用微生物净化处理污染土壤的成功范例,提出了同类矿山地质环境治理的建议。     

基于市场化的矿山生态修复模式浅析以江西省某县废弃矿山为例

废弃矿山占用土地资源,带来诸多生态环境问题,废弃矿山的生态修复迫在眉睫。当前各级政府财政对于矿山生态修复投入不足,亟须社会资本参与。2019年自然资源部发布《关于探索利用市场化方式推进矿山生态修复的意见》,为社会资本参与矿山生态修复市场化运作打开了大门。通过在江西省某县采用市场化方式进行矿山生态修复的实践,分析了废弃矿山生态修复的开发利用方向和不同修复方式的适用范围,明确了社会资本投资参与矿山生态修复的运行及收益模式,为区域矿山生态修复市场化项目提供参考。     

安化滑板溪—柑子园锌锑成矿区地质特征

该成矿区位于雪峰孤形构造带东北段,赋存在两条北东向断裂夹持并具矿源层特征的下奥陶统宁国组砂页岩中。矿脉呈中一陡倾斜柱板状产出,严格受断裂构造控制。成矿作用与构造活动同步,属动力变质热液矿床类型。     

应用已知矿体质量的正态概率分布评价区域铀矿资源质量

本文论述了应用已知矿体质量正态概率分布,评价区域铀矿资源质量的可行性,详细阐述了区域铀矿资源质量评价中不同区间的品位、厚度、储量的矿体概率和储量概率计算步骤,同时还叙述了资源平均品位和矿体品位与规模组合概率计算方法,最后简要介绍了一个应用实例。     

东海—图们江水中Zn,Cd,Pb,Cu的形式分析

用防吸附物理涂汞电极反向极谱进行了东海至图们江水中Ｚｎ，Ｃｄ，Ｐｂ，Ｃｕ（１９９１年５－６月）的形式分析研究。结果表明，该４种元素不稳定态的平均浓度分别为５．７，０．０６０，０．０３５，０．６２μｇ／Ｌ，分布较为均匀。该结果证实了痕量金属离子（自由离子及不稳定络离子）的均匀分布规律。有机结合态Ｚｎ，Ｐｂ，Ｃｕ和颗粒态的Ｚｎ，Ｃｕ的较高含量，位于长江口及东海水中。     

Hg,Cu,Cd,Zn 对真鲷仔鱼的急性毒性研究

本文采用静水生物试验法测定了Hg,Cu,Cd,Zn对真鲷仔鱼(2周龄)的急性毒性。结果表明:Hg,Cu,Cd,Zn对真鲷仔鱼24h的LC_(50)分别为0.025,0.31,5.00和3.70 mg/L,48h的LC_(50)分别为0.016,0.24,1.72和2.22mg/L,72h的LC_(50)分别为0.006,0.11,O.56和0.92mg/L,96h的LC_(50)分别为O.004,0.07,0.27和0.44 mg/L。Hg,Cu对真鲷仔鱼的影响极为显著,Zn,Cd的影响虽然很大,但比Hg,Cu低得多。Cd的毒性比Zn强,但毒理作用较为缓慢。4种重金属的毒性顺序为Hg>Cu>Cd>Zn。     

Dynamics of cobbles in the shoaling region of a surf zone

The motion of large bottom particles (cobbles/mines) was studied in the laboratory under simulated surf conditions. A series of experiments was conducted in a large wave tank, 32×0.9×1.8 m, equipped with a computer-controlled wave maker and a sloping beach. As a first step, a solid impermeable beach with artificial roughness was used in the experiments. Cobbles of different size were placed along the floor and their evolution with time was studied and compared with the model predictions. Onshore and offshore mean motions of cobbles, as well as steady oscillations with zero mean displacement, were observed for different conditions. To explain the results of observations a theoretical model was advanced. The model takes into account all main governing parameters (size and density of cobbles, bottom slope, dynamic and static friction at the bottom, background flow characteristics, etc.). Standard parameterizations were used for a pressure accelerating term, drag, lift and other nonlinear forces. For the range of parameters used in the experiments, satisfactory agreement between the measured and calculated values of the cobble displacements as a function of time was obtained. The model is practically insensitive to the vertical accelerating pressure term but sensitive to the dynamic and static friction. One of the most important variables in the model, which is known with the least accuracy, is the virtual mass coefficient for disk-shaped cobbles moving with variable velocity along a solid boundary.     

煤矿井下保直钻进技术现状及展望

煤矿井下钻孔轨迹偏斜易导致治理盲区的出现,严重威胁煤矿安全高效开采。通过对导致钻孔偏斜的地质因素、技术因素和工艺因素的系统分析,得到了钻孔偏斜的根本原因。对现有保直技术的原理及其适用性进行了分析总结。钻孔保直是影响钻孔施工质量的因素,但目前钻孔保直技术或多或少都存在技术上的问题,不能在煤矿大范围推广使用,故在钻孔保直方面需要不断发展,研发出适用性强、易于现场实施的保直技术。应加强偏斜因素的深层次的研究、钻孔保直机具设备的研发等工作。     

Distinguishing between natural and aquaculture-derived sediment concentrations of heavy metals in the Broughton Archipelago, British Columbia

Marine sediment samples were collected in the Broughton Archipelago, British Columbia, to assess the use of a geochemical normalization technique in the identification of a chemical tracer of aquaculture waste material. Zinc and copper were suggested as tracers of feed pellets, while copper was considered an indicator of anti-foulant agents used on netpen systems. The sediment samples were analyzed for carbon, nitrogen, organic matter, water, trace-element, and free sulfide concentrations, and sediment grain-size distribution. Sediment texture analysis revealed a wide range of substrate types from sand to silty loam categories. Strong relationships between sediment texture, sediment porosity, and organic content were observed across both near-field and far-field stations. Excess zinc and copper sediment concentrations, identified using a lithium-normalization technique, were restricted to near-field sampling stations (0 and 30m from netpen systems). The relationships between these metal tracers and organic content and sulfur concentrations were explored to account for variations in sediment concentrations of zinc and copper.