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861.
LIUZhijie ZHUANGZhenye HANDeliang QIXingfen 《中国海洋大学学报(英文版)》2005,4(2):124-130
The present paper studies the sedimentary characteristics and mechanism of the shell ridges on the southwestern coast of Bohai Bay, which are the largest and have the highest shell (or shell fragment) content in the world. These shell ridges are composed of two sedimentary subfacies: the ridge subfacies and the ridge infill subfacies with different inner textures and sedimentary structures. The ridge subfacies primarily consists of fresh shells and/or shell fragments with parallel beddings and high-angle oblique beddings. The ridge infill subfacies consists of finer shell fragments and silty sand with parallel beddings oblique to land. The evolution of the shell ridge is controlled by the accumulation of substantial shell material,the relative slow erosion of shoreline, storm waves, winds and the shift of river routes. Wind tunnel tests indicate that the critical movement velocity of shell is lower than that of quartz sand of the same grain size. Deltaic progradation alternates with shell ridge growth. While the Yellow River empties into the sea through this area, accompanied by deltaic progradating, the shell material is scarce, which is unfavorable to the growth of the shell ridge. Conversely, erosion occurs along an abandoned delta coast where a shell ridge may develop, e.g. the shell ridge on the southwest of Bohai Bay. 相似文献
862.
James E. Dale Richard Wünsch Anthony Whitworth Jan Palou 《Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society》2009,398(3):1537-1548
We investigate the gravitational fragmentation of expanding shells in the context of the linear thin-shell analysis. We make use of two very different numerical schemes; the flash adaptive mesh refinement code and a version of the Benz smoothed particle hydrodynamics code. We find that the agreement between the two codes is excellent. We use our numerical results to test the thin-shell approximation and we find that the external pressure applied to the shell has a strong effect on the fragmentation process. In cases where shells are not pressure-confined, the shells thicken as they expand and hydrodynamic flows perpendicular to the plane of the shell suppress fragmentation at short wavelengths. If the shells are pressure-confined internally and externally, so that their thickness remains approximately constant during their expansion, the agreement with the analytical solution is better. 相似文献
863.
碎片盘通常被描述为贫气盘, 其气尘比显著低于原行星盘, 因此很少在碎片盘中探测到气体. 得益于各种灵敏的望远镜, 探测到气体的碎片盘的数量正在不断增加, 寻找更多的含有气体的碎片盘成为碎片盘研究的重点课题. 然而大范围的搜寻非常耗时且低效, 因而为了更快更好地遴选探测的目标, 需要根据这类源的特性择选更小范围样本. 通过统计探测到气体的碎片盘及其宿主恒星的参数总结出这些源的总体特性. 为此搜集了已经发表的探测到气体的碎片盘的文献, 总计找到37个源, 包括探测到CO等冷气体的12个源、CaII等热气体的14个源以及冷热气体共存的11个源. 通过统计其宿主恒星的光谱类型、年龄、离地球距离和碎片盘的相对光度、气体质量、尘埃质量等信息, 得出了主要结论: 宿主恒星多为B型和A型恒星, 年龄大部分都小于50Myr, 相对光度分布相比于已知碎片盘更为集中, 在$10^{ - 5 相似文献
864.
865.
866.
宁夏红寺堡盆地萨拉乌苏组地层时代重新厘定及意义 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
以沉积旋回划分为基础,采用光释光和碳十四测年技术手段,将宁夏红寺堡盆地上更新统地层时代进行了重新划分与厘定。研究结果将红寺堡盆地原定为萨拉乌苏组的湖相沉积解体为上下两套,下部湖相沉积即为传统意义上的萨拉乌苏组,上部湖相沉积结合区域地层对比结果将其重新划归为水洞沟组,总体上反映了晚更新世青藏高原东北缘发育的两期重要的古大湖事件。在深海大洋氧同位素曲线上这两期古大湖事件分别相当于MIS3与MIS5段,代表了区域上两期温暖湿润的气候环境,也与该时期全球古气候环境的变迁基本一致。同时,在这两期古大湖发育期间,存在一期重要的构造隆升事件,表现为两套地层之间存在明显的区域不整合接触,可能是青藏高原晚更新世强烈隆升的响应。因此,针对青藏高原东北缘上更新统萨拉乌苏组湖相沉积层开展系统的年代学研究,对其地层时代进行重新划分与厘定,对于研究晚更新世古大湖形成与演化、古气候变迁以及青藏高原的隆升提供了重要的地质背景资料。 相似文献
867.
苏丹Muglad盆地Fula坳陷油气地球化学特征与成藏意义 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Fula坳陷位于Muglad盆地东北部,面积约5 000 km2,FN油田是该坳陷最大的亿吨级油田。油气储层主要为白垩系Abu Gabra、Bentiu和Aradeiba组。应用油藏地球化学的方法对FN油田的成藏期次进行了探讨。FN油田Abu Gabra、Bentiu和Aradeiba组原油特征相似,来源于同一套烃源岩,原油既表现出正构烷烃、藿烷、甾烷系列分布完整等正常油特征,又表现出色谱基线抬升、高峰度UCM、25 降藿烷出现等生物降解油特征,这些特征表明FN油田经历了至少两期成藏过程,早期充注的原油遭受生物降解后又接受后期成熟度较高的原油充注。根据构造演化、埋藏史和生排烃史可以研究生烃期次及油气成藏特征。Abu Gabra组烃源岩发生了两次生烃作用,第一次生烃作用发生在晚白垩世,Ro达到0.6%以上,进入生排烃作用阶段,晚白垩世末构造抬升作用使这次生烃产物遭受较为严重的生物降解;第二次生烃作用发生在古近纪,Abu Gabra组烃源岩进入生油高峰阶段,是本区最重要的一次生油作用和成藏过程,与该次成藏事件相关的构造圈闭是Fula坳陷油气勘探的重点。 相似文献
868.
Delta-front sand bodies with large remaining hydrocarbon reserves are widespread in the Upper Cretaceous Yaojia Formation in the Longxi area of the Western Slope, Songliao Basin, China. High-resolution sequence stratigraphy and sedimentology are performed based on core observations, well logs, and seismic profile interpretations. An evaluation of the reservoir quality of the Yaojia Formation is critical for further petroleum exploration and development. The Yaojia Formation is interpreted as a third-order sequence, comprising a transgressive systems tract (TST) and a regressive systems tract (RST), which spans 4.5 Myr during the Late Cretaceous. Within this third-order sequence, nine fourth-order sequences (FS9–FS1) are recognized. The average duration of a fourth-order sequence is approximately 0.5 Myr. The TST (FS9–FS5) mostly comprises subaqueous distributary channel fills, mouth bars, and distal bars, which pass upward into shallow-lake facies of the TST top (FS5). The RST (FS4–FS1) mainly contains subaqueous distributary-channel and interdistributary-bay deposits. Based on thin-sections, X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM) and high-pressure mercury-intrusion (HPMI) analyses, a petrographic study is conducted to explore the impact of the sedimentary cyclicity and facies changes on reservoir quality. The Yaojia sandstones are mainly composed of lithic arkoses and feldspathic litharenites. The sandstone cements mostly include calcite, illite, chlorite, and secondary quartz, occurring as grain coating or filling pores. The Yaojia sandstones have average core plug porosity of 18.55% and permeability of 100.77 × 10−3 μm2, which results from abundant intergranular pores and dissolved pores with good connectivity. Due to the relatively coarser sediments and abundant dissolved pores in the feldspars, the FS4–FS1 sandstones have better reservoir quality than the FS9–FS5 sandstones, developing relatively higher porosity and permeability, especially the FS1 and FS2 sandstones. The source–reservoir–cap-rock assemblages were formed with the adjoining semi-deep lake mudstones that were developed in the Nenjiang and Qingshankou Formations. This study reveals the deposition and distribution of the delta-front sand bodies of the Yaojia Formation within a sequence stratigraphic framework as well as the factors controlling the Yaojia sandstones reservoir quality. The research is of great significance for the further exploration of the Yaojia Formation in the Longxi area, as well as in other similar lacustrine contexts. 相似文献
869.
Marine dolostones of Carboniferous Huanglong Formation constitute major gas reservoir rocks in eastern Sichuan Basin. However, the investigation with respect to sources of dolomitizing and diagenetic fluids is relatively underexplored. The current study attempts to investigate the REE characteristics of dolomites using seawater normalization standard, and therefore discusses the origins of dolomitizing and diagenetic fluids, on the basis of continuous 47.33-m-long core samples from the second member of Huanglong Formation (C2h2) in eastern Sichuan Basin. Low Th, Sc, and Hf concentrations (0.791 × 10−6, 4.751 × 10−6, and 0.214 × 10−6, respectively), random correlation between total REE concentration (ΣREE) and Fe or Mn abundance, and seawater-like Y/Ho ratios (mean value of 45.612) indicate that the carbonate samples are valid for REE analysis. Based on petrographic characteristics, four dolomite types are identified, including micritic-sized dolomite (type Dol-1), fine-to medium-sized dolomite (type Dol-2), medium-to coarse-sized dolomite (type Dol-3), and coarse-to giant-sized saddle dolomite (type Dol-4). Dol-1 dolomites, characterized by positive Ce anomaly (mean value of 6.398), light REE (LREE) enrichment, and heavy REE (HREE) depletion with mean LREE/HREE ratio of 12.657, show micritic calcite-like REE patterns, indicating seawater origin of their dolomitizing fluids. Dol-1 dolomites were formed in sabkha environment whereas the dolomitizing fluids originated from evaporative brine water due to their micritic crystal sizes and tight lithology. Dol-2 dolomites, particularly subtype Dol-2a barely developing vuggy porosity, also show micritic calcite-like REE patterns, suggesting their dolomitizing fluids were seawater or seawater-derived fluids. This inference is confirmed by low Fe and Mn concentrations, which range from 651 μg/g to 1018 μg/g (mean value of 863 μg/g) and 65 μg/g to 167 μg/g (mean value of 105 μg/g), respectively, whereas homogenization temperatures (Th, mean value of 103 °C) indicate that Dol-2 dolomites were formed under burial environment. Dol-3 dolomites, in form of cements of Dol-2 dolomites, show similar REE patterns to their host minerals (i.e., Dol-2 dolomites), indicating their parent source was possibly derived from Dol-2 dolomites. Dol-3 dolomites have high Fe and Mn concentrations with mean values of 3346 μg/g (ranging from 2897 μg/g to 3856 μg/g) and 236 μg/g (ranging from 178 μg/g to 287 μg/g), respectively, indicating the involvement of meteoric water. Meanwhile, it confirms that the dissolution in Dol-2 dolomites was caused by meteoric water leaching. Positive Eu anomalies (mean value of 1.406) in Dol-4 dolomites, coupled with high homogenization temperatures (mean value of 314 °C), suggest that Dol-4 dolomites precipitated from hydrothermal fluids. High Fe and Mn concentrations (mean values of 2521 μg/g and 193 μg/g, respectively) in Dol-4 dolomites likely results from interactions of hydrothermal fluids with deep burial clastic rocks. 相似文献
870.
Muri Basin in the Qilian Mountain is the only permafrost area in China where gas hydrate samples have been obtained through scientific drilling. Fracture-filling hydrate is the main type of gas hydrate found in the Qilian Mountain permafrost. Most of gas hydrate samples had been found in a thin-layer-like, flake and block group in a fracture of Jurassic mudstone and oil shale, although some pore-filling hydrate was found in porous sandstone. The mechanism for gas hydrate formation in the Qilian Mountain permafrost is as follows: gas generation from source rock was controlled by tectonic subsidence and uplift--gas migration and accumulation was controlled by fault and tight formation--gas hydrate formation and accumulation was controlled by permafrost. Some control factors for gas hydrate formation in the Qilian Mountain permafrost were analyzed and validated through numerical analysis and laboratory experiments. CSMGem was used to estimate the gas hydrate stability zone in the Qilian permafrost at a depth of 100–400 m. This method was used to analyze the gas composition of gas hydrate to determine the gas composition before gas hydrate formation. When the overlying formation of gas accumulation zone had a permeability of 0.05 × 10−15 m2 and water saturation of more than 0.8, gas from deep source rocks was sealed up to form the gas accumulation zone. Fracture-filling hydrate was formed in the overlap area of gas hydrate stability zone and gas accumulation zone. The experimental results showed that the lithology of reservoir played a key role in controlling the occurrence and distribution of gas hydrate in the Qilian Mountain permafrost. 相似文献