Late Quaternary drainage reorganization assisted by surface faulting: The example of the Katrol Hill Fault zone,Kachchh, western India

Drainage reorganization on restricted temporal and spatial scales is poorly-documented. We attempt to decode the relatively complicated mechanism of drainage realignment involving two small rivers that show structurally controlled, highly anomalous channel networks. We provide geomorphic and shallow subsurface evidence using ground-penetrating radar (GPR) for the presence of a buried paleo-valley flowing northward through the wind gap and surface faulting along the range bounding Katrol Hill Fault (KHF) which correlates with the previously known three surface faulting events in last ~30 ka bp . Most of the present river channels and the KHF zone are occupied by aeolian miliolite (local name) which is stratigraphic and lithologic equivalent of the Late Quaternary carbonate rich aeolianite deposits occurring in several parts of the globe. The history of drainage evolution in the study area comprises pre-miliolite, syn-miliolite and post-miliolite phases. Geomorphic evidences show that the paleo-Gangeshwar River flowed north through the wind gap and paleo-valley, while the short paleo-Gunawari occupied the saddle zone to the east of Ler dome prior to and during the phase of miliolite deposition which ended by ~40 ka bp . Southward tilting of the Katrol Hill Range (KHR) due to surface faulting cut off the catchment of the paleo-Gangeshwar River. The abandoned catchment stream extended its channel eastward along the strike through top-down process while the paleo-Gunawari River extended its course westward by headward erosion (bottom-up process). As the channels advanced towards each other they joined to produce the “S”-shaped bend which formed the capture point. We conclude that multiple surface faulting events along the KHF in the last ~30 ka bp , resulted in uplift and tilting of the KHR which caused drainage realignment by river diversion, beheading and river capture. Our study shows that the complexity of drainage reorganization processes is more explicit on shorter rather than longer timescales.     

用接收函数方法研究中国及邻区上地幔间断面的埋藏深度

使用中国及邻区的18个数字化地震台的宽频带三分向远震记录图,筛选计算得到了263条径向接收函数,并拾取了在41Okm和660km间断面上的透射转换震相P4S、P660S与P波的到时差.通过调整各台站之下的速度模型中这两个间断面的深度,使理论接收函数的P4S、P660S与P波的到时差与观测值相符,最终确定这两个间断面的实际埋藏深度.结果表明,各台站之下4km间断面的平均深度为403km,具有明显的横向不均匀性和区域性,其中北京台、西安台、兰州台和恩施台等的埋藏深度较浅,琼中台、CHTO等台较深.660km间断面的平均埋藏深度为663km,也存在明显的横向不均匀性,其中牡丹江台和MAJO台的较深,琼中台和HYB台的较浅.     

渭河盆地全新世隐伏构造活动

通过对水系线密度和面密度的量计和制图分析，揭示了渭河盆地全新世构造活动的特征，为查明厚层新生代松散沉积物覆盖下隐伏构造的全新世活动提供简便有效的方法。     

Frontal advance of turf-banked solifluction lobes, Kluane Range, Yukon Territory, Canada

Humus horizons associated with thirteen solifluction lobes on a single slope were radiocarbon dated at fixed distances behind the risers, as well as ahead of the lobes. The dated horizons, together with stratigraphic observations of planar discontinuities inside the lobes and shallow burial of vegetation ahead of the lobes, all suggest rapid advance of lobe fronts. We infer that lobe advance at this site results from slow accumulation of soliflucted material behind a relatively rigid riser, progressive steepening of the riser and build-up of stress, and finally rupture of the front and its collapse onto the slope. Rebuilding of the lobe usually then takes place. The time for a full cycle of development is estimated to be in the order of a few hundred years. Long-term frontal movement appears inversely related to lobe size, and is mainly controlled by soil moisture and sediment characteristics. These findings call into question the usefulness of solifluction lobe advance rates for paleoclimate reconstructions, at least at this site.     

供水管渠的地震危险度评价─—以克拉玛依水源系统管渠工程为例

根据管渠工程的实际需要，通过综合分析计算，实现其地震危险度评价。详细介绍综合分析计算的思路与方法。最后以克拉玛依水源系统管渠工程为例，进一步说明了地震危险度评价的实用化方法，同时提出有待研究的问题．     

论衡东县东岗山矿田对顶帚状构造及其控矿作用

衡东县东岗山矿田内发育着两个完美的对顶帚状构造,它们对东岗山和吊马垄两个锡铅锌矿床的形成和富集具有极其重要的控制作用。本文介绍了它们的发育特征,讨论了形成的边界条件,进行了构造应力场分析。在此基础上,较深入地论述了它们对成矿控制的若干规律,进而具体地指出了深部找矿最有利的部位,值得验证。     

苏北古潜山类型与油气藏形成控制因素分析

苏北地区古潜山油气藏勘探无重大发现的原因,主要是构造变动大、断裂发育、今构造不一定是古构造、圈闭落实程度低,储盖层条件具不确定性、对油气藏配套史认识不足等。尤其是古生界与新生界烃源岩之间夹了一套巨厚的中生界,从而形成了与任丘古潜山油气藏不同的特殊的苏北古潜山构造格局,为了避开这套地层,苏北地区古潜山的勘探方向,应以寻找新生界盆地箕状凹陷陡断裂带一侧的断块山为主:在断阶带的高台阶部位,古生界与新生界以断层方式直接接触,既有油源条件又有良好封盖效果,可形成较好的古潜山油气藏模式,主要有利地区有真武—许庄地区、荻垛地区、陈堡地区、杨村断裂带、龙岗次凹等。另外,至今仍为构造高的晚白垩世浦口期沉积地貌隆起或晚白垩世赤山期末构造隆起的古构造风化带,也会有较好的构造形成与油气运移的配套关系,并应处于晚燕山期“二次生烃”有利运移指向区,如盐城地区。     

长输埋地管道振动台试验传感器布置方案研究

在进行长输埋地管道振动台试验的过程中,针对数据信息的采集量测以及传感器的布置位置进行了研究。采用三维数值模拟的方法对管-土相互作用体系进行了地震反应分析,内容包括埋地管道结构纵、横向在非一致地震动作用下的地震响应及受力变形特征。根据计算结果确定了主观测断面及辅助观测断面的位置及观测断面上传感器布置的位置,在满足基本信息采集要求的前提下,对可供采用的信息采集通道进行了优化分配,由此确定本次试验的观测断面以及传感器的具体测量部位与数目。成果对试验获得成功起到了保障作用,可为同类试验提供参考。     

呼和浩特地区隐伏断层土壤气氡、汞地球化学特征

根据呼和浩特地区隐伏断层土壤气中氡、 汞的浓度, 探讨了断层的气体地球化学特征及其确定隐伏断层的方法。 在呼和浩特地区8条测线上进行了土壤气中氡、 汞浓度野外现场测量, 共2014个测点。 测量结果表明: 土壤气中氡浓度背景值为2238.7～3715.4 Bq/m³, 土壤气汞浓度背景值为21.1～79.4 ng/m³。 在8个地球化学剖面中有7个在断层带上发现了异常, 其土壤气氡、 汞异常强度一般是背景值的1.7～10.3倍。 根据断层带上土壤气氡、 汞异常特征确定了断层的具体位置。 土壤气氡、 汞测量是隐伏断层探测中非常有效的手段。     

False metamorphic events inferred from misinterpretation of microstructural evidence and P–T data

Geometrical relationships involving inclusions and partial inclusions in metamorphic microstructures can be inadequate for inferring an order of crystallization and hence a metamorphic reaction. Unique spatial and/or chemical relationships need to be defined for mineral inclusions, in the context of a reference paragenesis, commonly the matrix assemblage. Corona microstructures are reliable indicators of metamorphic reactions, but require considerable care when used to infer reactions or changes in P–T conditions, owing to kinetic problems, as well as to changes in the effective reaction volume during changes across relatively broad P–T stability fields of assemblages. Mineral equilibria models, most commonly implemented through P–T pseudosections, may allow the order in which different minerals become stable along a given P–T path to be inferred. However, the order in which two minerals become stable may be different from the order in which two grains of these minerals nucleate. Furthermore, such diagrams cannot make predictions about which minerals will form porphyroblasts and which minerals will form inclusions in porphyroblasts. An evaluation of three examples from the Australian Proterozoic shows that modelling, in combination with inclusion‐host relationships, is a powerful tool for understanding the metamorphic evolution of a rock, but involves considerable uncertainty.