南极青霉菌Penicillium sp.S-1-16摇瓶发酵条件的初步优化

对一株具有细胞毒活性的南极青霉属真菌Penicillium sp.S-1-16进行发酵条件的初步优化。通过对基础发酵培养基、发酵温度及培养基配制用水的筛选,以次级代谢产物量为主要指标,同时参考生物量及细胞毒活性指标来进行初步优化,获得一个较优的摇瓶发酵条件:酵母提取粉0.3%,蛋白胨0.5%,麦芽糖0.3%,葡萄糖1%,蔗糖5%,自来水,初始p H=7.0,接种量15%,18℃,180 r·min-1发酵15 d。采用初步优化后的条件进行发酵,与初始发酵条件相比,其次级代谢产物量提高到568.75%,对A549肿瘤细胞的抑制作用增强至265%,并且对He La肿瘤细胞和SGC-7901肿瘤细胞的抑制率分别从0提高到48.19%和69.18%,效果显著,为获得菌株中活性次级代谢产物奠定了基础。     

Subsidence history and forming mechanism of anomalous tectonic subsidence in the Bozhong depression, Bohaiwan basin

The Bozhong depression of the Bohaiwan basin belongs to a family of extensional basins in East China, but is quite different from other parts of the basin. The Cenozoic subsidence of the depression is controlled by a combination of lithospheric thinning and polycyclic strike-slip movements. Three episodic rifts have been identified, i.e. Paleocence-early Eocene, middle-late Eocene and Oligocene age. The depression underwent syn-rift and post-rift stages, but two episodic dextral movement events of the strike-slip faults modify the subsidence of the Bozhong depression since the Oligocene. The early dextral movement of the Tan-Lu fault associated with crustal extension resulted in accelerated subsidence during the time of deposition of the Dongying Formation with a maximum thickness of 4000 m. A late reactivation of dextral movement of the Tan-Lu fault began in late Miocene (about 12 Ma), which resulted in the intense subsidence of Minghuazhen Formation and Quaternary. In addition, dynamic mantle convection-driven topography also accelerated the post-rift anomalous subsidence since the Miocene (24.6 Ma). Our results indicate that the primary control on rapid subsidence both during the rift and post-rift stages in the Bozhong depression originates from a combination of multiple episodic crustal extension and polycyclic dextral movements of strike-slip faults, and dynamic topography.     

北淮阳东段西汤池岩体地球化学特征、锆石U-Pb定年及成因

西汤池岩体位于安徽北淮阳地区舒城县西汤池一带。西汤池似斑状二长花岗岩具高硅、富碱质特征,为铝饱和碱性系列岩石。稀土元素含量中等,(La/Yb)_N与HREE/LREE值较高,重稀土相对轻稀土亏损明显,Eu呈弱负异常,属轻稀土富集型。大离子亲石元素(Rb、K、La、Nd等)明显富集,而高场强元素(Nb、Ta、P、Ti等)亏损。通过LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb定年,获得西汤池二长花岗岩~(206)Pb/~(238)U年龄为(125.5±1.6)Ma,为早白垩世岩浆活动的产物。基于前人关于北淮阳地区区域地质背景方面的研究成果和本次地球化学构造环境判别方面的研究,认为西汤池二长花岗岩属A_1型花岗岩,形成于后碰撞的伸展构造环境。     

冀北滦平地区中生代火山岩地层锆石U-Pb测年及启示

在冀北—辽西地区, 冀北的滦平地区是中生代地层最为齐全, 也是唯一的晚中生代沉积作用基本连续的地区.许多研究者认为该地区的土城子组与张家口之间存在着J₃—K₁界线和中生代的构造转换界面.该地区分布的主要中生代地层自下而上依次为髫髻山组、土城子组、张家口组、大北沟组、大店子组和西瓜园组.通过LAICPMS方法的锆石UPb测年, 获得了该地区中生代火山岩地层的年代格架, 即髫髻山组的顶界年龄为(162.8±3.2)Ma, 土城子组形成的主体年代范围是(142.6±1.3)~(136.4±1.9)Ma, 张家口组形成的年代范围是(135.7±1.8)~(135.2±2.3)Ma, 大店子组顶部安山岩的年龄是(131.4±3.7)~(130.2±3.0)Ma.锆石的稀土元素分析表明: 土城子组中锆石的稀土元素特征与张家口组中锆石的特征一致, 而与髫髻山组中的锆石有较大的区别.综合以上分析数据及野外地质特征可以得出以下结论: (1)该地区的土城子组与髫髻山组之间不仅时间间隔较长, 而且二者中火山岩的源区也有较大的区别; 土城子组与张家口组之间不仅时间上基本连续, 而且二者中火山岩的源区也有明显的一致性.这就表明了滦平地区的土城子组与张家口组是同一地质背景下的产物, 即该地区二者之间应不存在J₃—K₁界面和构造转换界面.(2)滦平地区大店子组顶部火山岩在年代上与辽西北票—义县地区的义县组底部、辽西凌源地区的张家口组顶部基本相当.      

东濮凹陷盐湖盆地油气富集规律研究

国内外油气勘探实践表明,含盐盆地的油气富集和分布与盆地内沉积的盐岩密切相关。东濮凹陷是我国东部地区典型的含盐油气富集盆地,作者通过深入研究其地层层序特征及盐岩纵横向分布特点,进一步剖析了盐岩沉积的主要控制因素及其与生储盖层的关系,搞清了含盐盆地油气的分布和富集与盐岩的关系,指出无论在垂向上还是横向上,东濮凹陷盐岩一般都与暗色烃源岩共生,而且盐岩与同期沉积的砂岩表现为长消关系。研究认为盐岩可作为油气上盖或侧向遮挡,与源岩、储集层可组成良好的生储盖配置关系,利于油气富集区带的形成,对构造和隐蔽油气藏的形成都发挥了积极的作用,并指出与盐岩有关的文东北部和胡状集地区是下一步挖潜的有利勘探方向。研究成果也可为国内外同类含盐盆地的油气勘探提供一定的借鉴经验。     

用多变量灰色预测模型模拟预测参考作物蒸散量的研究

当观测资料的数据量少而又存在多个相互影响或关联的变量时,常用的灰色预测模型GM（1,1）不能全面考虑多个变量。为此,采用自适应MGM（1,n）模型—多变量灰色预测模型,较好地解决了这一问题。针对一些地区气象数据较少甚至缺失的情况,以内蒙古正蓝旗的气象资料用Penman-Monteith计算的参考作物蒸散量（ET0）为研究对象,运用灰色系统理论建立MGM（1,3）模型,模拟预测参考作物蒸散量变化规律,并与GM（1,1）模型和BP神经网络模型比较,结果表明MGM（1,3）模型有较好的预测效果。     

惠民凹陷西部沙四下亚段冲积扇沉积类型与成因分析

本文在岩心观察和描述的基础上,结合地震、测井等资料及平面上砂体的分布形态,对惠民凹陷西部沙四下亚段的沉积特征及成因进行了研究。认为研究区沙四下亚段主要发育冲积扇沉积的泥石流扇和辫状河扇两种类型,共识别出了6种沉积微相。宁南断层和无南断层下降盘发育大面积的辫状河扇沉积。砂体垂直岸线分布,延伸距离较远。平面上分布呈扇形,沉积相带分异不明显,主要沉积微相为辫状河道、河道砂坝与河道间沉积。邻近齐广断层断崖处发育泥石流扇沉积,砂体不甚发育,与辫状河扇相比,该沉积类型砾岩富集,扇体规模较小。相带变化比较明显,主要沉积微相为泥石流沉积、河道沉积与漫流沉积。该沉积体系的形成主要受构造活动、古地貌、物源区性质与古气候等因素的影响,断裂活动是该沉积体系形成的决定性因素。     

歧口凹陷新生界火成岩油藏特征及分布规律

歧口凹陷新生界发育了两类与火成岩相关的油藏：基性火山岩油藏和浅成侵入相辉绿岩蚀变带油藏,两者都为构造-岩性油藏。这两类油藏区域上受岩浆活动带控制,主要集中于NE向和EW向断裂转换带,并受烃源岩分布范围的影响而紧邻烃源岩分布;垂向上受区域盖层控制,集中于沙一中亚段和东三段。在转换带沙一中亚段和东三段内,火成岩能否富集成藏主要取决于储集系统的类型。开放式储集系统一方面利于流体替换使火成岩储集空间中的矿化水被及时排出减少次生矿物的形成,从而保护储集空间;另一方面利于富含有机酸流体进入火成岩储集体,通过溶蚀先期形成的杏仁体、裂缝充填物及火成岩中不稳定的矿物组分,使其储集空间扩大、容积增加,使火成岩的储集性能得以改善;另外,火成岩中的断裂通过与烃源岩的沟通为烃类注入富集成藏提供了必要的输导通道,致使这类储集系统能够富集烃类成藏。封闭式储集系统缺少这些条件,岩浆期后热液流体与成岩流体被包裹在火成岩储集空间内不能被排出,易形成次生矿物充填并堵塞这些空间,丧失其储集性能。部分未被充填的空间往往相互之间难以连通,并与生排烃地层隔绝而成为烃类难以注入的死孔隙,从而使这类储集系统难以聚集成藏。     

基于GM(1,1)优化模型的岩石边坡变形预报

岩石边坡系统是一典型灰色系统，其变形发展过程可以用灰色预测模型完成。尽管传统GM（1，1）模型预测有很多成功的实例，但是也存在一些预测偏差过大的情况，必须对其进行优化。逐步迭代法GM（1，1）模型不仅收敛速度快，而且与原始数据库序列的凹凸性保护一致。利用自编的计算程序对马步坎边坡预测测点G1沉降和开裂进行预测分析，结果表明逐步迭代法GM（1，1）优化模型计算精度较传统GM（1，1）模型和背景构造法GM（1，1）优化模型高，较好地反映了岩石边坡的变形趋势。     

Response of western South American epeiric-neritic ecosystem to middle Cretaceous Oceanic Anoxic Events

Little is known about the impact of the mid-Cretaceous Oceanic Anoxic Events (OAEs) on the neritic carbonate systems in South America. In order to fill this knowledge gap, the present paper reports on the record of environmental changes in the Albian–Turonian neritic carbonates from the western South American domain in Peru. Owing to the very expanded and well-exposed sections in the Oyon region of central Peru, the OAE 1d and 2 intervals were sampled at high temporal resolution for both bulk micrite and bulk organic matter carbon isotopes, allowing us to compare the fingerprint of these two events between the northern and central Peruvian regions. This suggests the installation of two marked depositional modes: 1) the Albian–Turonian formation of a regional facies belt constituted by oyster-rich mixed siliciclastic-carbonate deposition along the western South America platform; 2) a restricted oligotrophic environment, characterized by the mass occurrence of Perouvianella peruviana and associated miliolids in central Peru during the late Cenomanian–Turonian. These observations advocate for the following scenario: Global warming during the late Albian–early Turonian resulted in humid climate on the western platform. This in turn caused enhanced chemical weathering rates on the Brazilian Shield, resulting in high runoff of nutrients onto the western platform. Nutrient runoff promoted the diversification of benthic oyster communities. Due to the uplift of the Marañon Massif and the installation of the Huarmey Trough, central Peru was isolated from the Pacific and from eastern deltaic influx of the Brazilian continental basement, allowing the local development of oligotrophic conditions during OAE 2. Furthermore, an increased influx of argillaceous sediment and reduced carbonate production is recorded in northern Peru at the onset of OAE 2, marked by a prominent negative shift in δ¹³C. This negative carbon-isotope excursion has also been identified in other sections in the Pacific domain and can be linked to an increase in isotopically light pCO₂ induced by the formation of the Caribbean large igneous province.