ENVIRONMENTAL RESPONSE OF THE PERMIAN VOLCANISM IN LUCAOGOU FORMATION IN JIMSAR SAG,JUNGGAR BASIN,NORTHWEST CHINA

The lithological features, the types of organic matter and its occurrence and carbon and oxygen isotopic value were clarified by combining core observation, thin slice authentication, X ray diffraction analysis, kerogen type identification and carbon and oxygen isotope analysis. The characteristic of strata, the distribution of volcanoes of Junggar Basin were also taken into consideration. A comprehensive analysis was conducted to evaluate environmental response of volcanism in Lucaogou formation in Jimsar sag. The results show that rocks is a mixed sedimentation of effusive rock and carbonate rocks, volcanic materials is widely developed in Lucaogou formation and origins from the edge of sag or distant source volcano activity. Organic matter is predominantly unstructural algae and asphaltene. The carbon isotopic value of carbonates ranges between 6.8‰ and 9.7‰ with an average of 8.3‰, featured in high positive excursions, while oxygen isotopic value varies from -11.9‰ to -4.3‰ with an average of -6.2‰. During the period of volcanic activity, the volcanic material released high amounts of nutrient to the lake basin, which is beneficial to the algae and other organic organisms. In the poor oxygen and calm water environments, the organic matter is distributed in the laminar algal and the carbon isotope value is high positive drift. During the intermittent period of volcanic activity, the lake level decreased and the lake bottom water changed to the oxygen-enriched environments. The organic matter is locally enriched or dispersed in local layers, and the carbon isotope values decreased slightly. The frequent volcanic activity promoted the organism boom, which lead carbon isotope value to have high positive characteristics and change trends.     

渤海莱州湾凹陷南部古近系混合沉积特征及发育模式*

渤海莱州湾凹陷南部古近系沙三下亚段广泛发育陆源碎屑与碳酸盐混合沉积。通过对井壁取心、测井及综合化验资料的分析,对研究区混合沉积特征、发育模式及控制因素进行分析。结果表明: 研究区既发育同一岩层内的混合沉积,又发育碳酸盐岩与陆源碎屑的互层混合沉积。混合沉积形成于两大物源注入背景下的湖泊滨岸环境,可进一步分为泥坪、砂质滩坝、浅滩和半深湖等混合沉积亚相,主要体现为波浪和湖流作用的双重影响。沙三下亚段整体呈现出水退式发育的特点,主要发育湖侵域和高位域,湖侵域主要发育半深湖混合沉积和浅滩混合沉积,高位域主要发育砂质滩坝混合沉积。混合沉积物受古地貌、古气候、古物源和湖平面变化的控制,优势储集亚相为砂质滩坝混合沉积亚相和浅滩混合沉积亚相。该研究成果不仅为莱州湾凹陷南部古近系优质动用储量研究提供了指导,而且为下一步勘探指明了方向。     

Diagenesis and reservoir quality of sandstones with ancient “deep” incursion of meteoric freshwater——An example in the Nanpu Sag,Bohai Bay Basin,East China

An example of diagenesis and reservoir quality of buried sandstones with ancient incursion of meteoric freshwater is presented in this study. The interpretation is based on information including porosity and permeability, petrography, stable isotopic composition of authigenic minerals, homogenization temperatures (T_h) of aqueous fluid inclusions (AFIs), and pore water chemistry. These sandstones, closely beneath or far from the regional unconformity formed during the late Paleogene period, are located in the thick Shahejie Formation in the Gaoliu area of Nanpu Sag, Bohai Bay Basin, East China. Early-diagenetic calcite cements were leached to form intergranular secondary pores without precipitation of late-diagenetic calcite cements in most sandstones. Feldspars were leached to form abundant intragranular secondary pores, but with small amounts of concomitant secondary minerals including authigenic quartz and kaolinite. The mass imbalance between the amount of leached minerals and associated secondary minerals suggests that mineral leaching reactions occurred most likely in an open geochemical system, and diagenetic petrography textures suggest that advective flow dominated the transfer of solutes from leached feldspars and calcites. Low salinity and ion concentrations of present pore waters, and extensive water rock interactions suggest significant incursion of meteoric freshwater flux in the sandstones. Distances of the sandstones to the regional unconformity can reach up to 1800 m, while with significant uplift in the Gaoliu area, the burial depth of such sandstones (below sea level) can be less than 800–1000 m during the uplift and initial reburial stage. Significant uplift during the Oligocene period provided substantial hydraulic drive and widely developed faults served as favorable conduits for downward penetration of meteoric freshwater from the earth's surface (unconformity) to these sandstone beds. Extensive feldspar leaching has been occurring since the uplift period. Coupled high T_h (95∼115 °C) of AFI and low δ¹⁸O_(SMOW) values (+17∼+20‰) within the quartz overgrowths show that quartz cementation occurred in the presence of diagenetic modified meteoric freshwater with δ¹⁸O_(SMOW) values of −7∼−2‰, indicating that authigenic quartz only have been formed during the late reburial stage when meteoric fresh water penetration slowed down. Secondary pores in thin sections and tested porosity suggest that meteoric freshwater leaching of feldspars and calcite minerals generated approximately 7–10% enhanced secondary porosity in these sandstones. Meteoric freshwater leaching reactions cannot be ignored in similar sandstones that located deep beneath the unconformity, with great uplift moving these sandstones above or close to sea level and with faults connecting the earth's surface with the sandstone beds.     

湖相深水细粒物质的混合沉积作用探讨*

沉积物的混合是自然界的普遍现象,湖盆中广泛发育的深水细粒沉积岩本身就是一类混积岩。以东营凹陷古近系沙河街组三段下亚段—沙河街组四段上亚段细粒沉积岩为研究对象,通过厘米级岩心观察描述、小型沉积构造解剖、岩石薄片观察、X射线衍射全岩矿物分析及微量元素测试等方法,研究细粒物质的产出状态和混合方式;分析湖盆流体、气候及水体性质对细粒物质迁移、混合、沉积的控制作用,尝试探讨细粒物质的混合沉积机制。结果表明,湖相深水细粒沉积岩既有物质成分上的混合,也有结构的混合,且在宏观与微观的不同尺度均存在混合;混合沉积作用有均匀混合、纹层叠置混合、不均匀团块状混合等类型。纹层叠置混合沉积是最主要的混合沉积方式,依据纹层接触关系、所占比例及矿物产出状态可分为泥砂—灰纹层叠置混合型、泥—灰纹层叠置混合型、泥砂粒序—灰纹层叠置混合型、灰—泥—云纹层叠置混合型等。湖相深水细粒物质的混合沉积作用类型多且往往受多个因素同时控制,气候及水动力条件是控制细粒混合沉积岩发育的最主要因素,不同流体(浊流和底流)作用下的细粒沉积物混合作用存在差异。气候引起湖水性质变化及水体分层,从而控制不同类型细粒物质的絮凝沉降及化学沉积。不同构造部位、不同水体深度的混合作用不同;相同构造部位在垂向上也存在混合沉积方式的差异。     

渤海湾盆地渤中凹陷西南环古生界沉积微相及其对岩溶储集层的控制作用*

渤海湾盆地渤中凹陷西南环古生界深埋碳酸盐岩潜山天然气获得重大突破,钻井资料揭示该地区碳酸盐岩岩溶储集层具有很强的非均质性。由于沉积相是岩溶储集层发育的主控因素之一,因此文中根据岩心和薄片资料、测井相、微量元素和古生物特征等多种手段综合分析沉积相特征。结果表明,研究区现存奥陶系纵向上表现为1个较为完整的海退— 海进序列,主要发育开阔台地和局限台地2种沉积亚相,并可进一步划分为台内滩、滩间、潮下带和潮间带4种沉积微相。台内滩和潮下带微相横向分布连续稳定,水动力条件强,形成的储集层早期溶孔发育,且这2种沉积环境里发育的碳酸盐岩较纯净,经后期风化淋滤形成的岩溶储集层厚度大、质量好,因此是有利的岩溶储集层发育相带。该研究明确了研究区台内滩及潮下带的发育特征,对下一步油气勘探具有一定的指导意义。     

膏盐脱水在盐底辟发育过程中的作用分析-以东营凹陷为例

基于国内外已经取得的盐构造研究成果, 根据东营凹陷盐构造的发育特征, 指出流体在盐构造发育过程的重要作用。东营凹陷沙四段含有大量膏盐和含膏地层, 根据岩心、测井和地震等资料分析了东营凹陷盐构造特征。由于膏盐脱水作用会导致地层内部产生异常高压, 而异常高压可以作为动力迫使流体向上流动继而在上覆地层产生水压力裂缝, 流体上涌过程中可以带动盐类物质向上运动, 因此认为膏盐脱水对盐构造形成发育有重要作用。基于膏盐脱水和超压流体作用, 建立了东营凹陷沙四段盐底辟构造发展史模型, 分析了东营凹陷盐构造在流体作用下形成发育过程, 结果表明膏盐脱水在盐构造发育初期和中期具有重要作用。      

东营凹陷高青-平南断裂带幔源流体活动特征及其成藏效应

东营凹陷高青-平南断裂带为幔源流体运移的主要通道,该幔源流体主要为岩浆(岩)和CO2气体。高青-平南断裂带幔源流体活动方式和活动强度存在着时间和空间上的差异,该断裂带在古近纪-新近纪至少经历了四期富CO2幔源流体活动。高青-平南断裂带富CO2幔源流体对油气成藏的影响主要表现在：①直接形成无机CO2气藏;②通过能量——热的作用和物质,即CO2的加入,影响水-岩相互作用的强度和方向,从而改善油气储集层的物性;③在一定程度上提高源岩的排烃效率,增加油气的运移速率。     

济阳坳陷沾化凹陷罗家地区古近系沙河街组页岩储集特征分析*

利用岩石薄片和扫描电镜分析等测试技术, 可以将济阳坳陷罗家地区古近系沙河街组页岩段储集空间分为孔隙和裂缝两大类。孔隙又可以分为黏土矿物晶间孔、碳酸盐矿物晶间孔、黄铁矿晶间微孔、碎屑颗粒溶孔和砂质粒间微孔5个亚类;裂缝分为成岩裂缝和构造裂缝两大类, 成岩裂缝又可以分为层间裂缝和粒缘裂缝两类。裂缝与基质孔隙之间, 存在一个微米尺度的重合带, 反映了储集空间发育继承性的特点, 油气聚集在以层间裂缝为中心, 粒缘裂缝等次级裂缝和较大的碳酸盐晶间孔为骨架, 以各类晶间孔隙、黏土微孔和溶蚀孔隙为基质的储集空间网络中。储集空间发育与岩性关系密切, 纹层状泥质灰岩物性较好, 相应的页岩物性具有基质渗透率极低和裂缝导流能力较强的特点。     

胶莱盆地莱阳凹陷莱阳组储层成岩作用及孔隙演化

以野外露头、岩心观察为基础,综合采用普通薄片、铸体薄片、阴极发光薄片、扫描电镜、物性分析、黏土矿物X衍射等多种测试手段对胶莱盆地莱阳组砂岩储层特征、成岩作用及孔隙演化进行了研究。研究结果表明：受物源差异影响,凹陷东部以长石砂岩为主,凹陷西部以岩屑砂岩为主,富含各种塑性岩屑,莱阳组砂岩总体以低成分成熟度、中等结构成熟度为特征。压实作用、压溶作用和胶结作用是造成砂岩储层致密的主要原因。凹陷东部以胶结作用减孔为主,压实程度较弱,碳酸盐胶结物是造成砂岩孔隙度降低的主要胶结物。凹陷西部以压实作用为主,但绿泥石薄膜胶结物的存在有利于保存部分原生孔隙。莱阳组砂岩储层原生孔隙残留较少,多以次生孔隙为主。溶蚀作用,尤其是长石的溶解作用,对改善储层物性有重要作用。次生孔隙发育带主要在K₁llw、K₁ls中,成岩演化达中成岩A期,溶蚀型次生孔隙成为这一阶段主要的孔隙类型,其发育带往往是有利储层发育区。     

内蒙古乌里雅斯太凹陷南洼槽坡折带粗砾斜坡扇沉积特征

斜坡扇沉积属重力流事件沉积,在我国陆相断陷湖盆中也有发育,是一种重要的相类型.针对乌里雅斯太凹陷南洼槽东部坡折带发育一套厚度大、粒级粗和相变快的砾岩体,通过精细的岩心观察,结合测井、3D地震,以及岩石分析资料等,认为该砾岩体应属于低位体系域重力流成因机制的斜坡扇沉积,并论述了研究区内的斜坡扇相带的划分,分析了其平面的相分布特征,建立了该研究区沉积相模式,为研究区岩性油气藏的进一步勘探开发提供了依据.