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481.
Lake Karakul in the eastern Pamirs is a large and closed-basin lake in a partly glaciated catchment. Two parallel sediment cores were collected from 12 m water depth. The cores were correlated using XRF analysis and dated using radiocarbon and OSL techniques. The age results of the two dating methods are generally in agreement. The correlated composite core of 12.26 m length represents continuous accumulation of sediments in the lake basin since 31 ka. The lake reservoir effect (LRE) remained relatively constant over this period. High sediment accumulation rates (SedARs) were recorded before 23 ka and after 6.5 ka. The relatively close position of the coring location near the eastern shore of the lake implies that high SedARs resulted from low lake levels. Thus, high SedARs and lower lake levels before 23 ka probably reflect cold and dry climate conditions that inhibited the arrival of moist air at high elevation in the eastern Pamirs. Low lake levels after 6.5 ka were probably caused by declining temperatures after the warmer early Holocene, which had caused a reduction in water resources stored as snow, ice and frozen ground in the catchment. Low SedARs during 23–6.5 ka suggest increased lake levels in Lake Karakul. A short-lived increase of SedARs at 15 ka probably corresponds to the rapid melting of glaciers in the Karakul catchment during the Greenland Interstadial 1e, shortly after glaciers in the catchment had reached their maximum extents. The sediment cores from Lake Karakul represent an important climate archive with robust chronology for the last glacial–interglacial cycle from Central Asia. 相似文献
482.
483.
Takashi Oguchi 《地球表面变化过程与地形》1997,22(2):107-120
Previous studies in Japanese mountains have shown that drainage density (D) correlates negatively with relief (R) and the erosion rate (E), whereas elsewhere both R and E correlate positively with D. To investigate the inconsistency, this paper compares two types of D–R relations for eight mountain river basins in central Japan. R is computed from a digital elevation model for 1109 morphometric samples of area 0·5 km × 0·5 km. Drainage networks in these cells were first constructed by map criteria applied previously in Japan — deeply notched V-shaped contours with an angle <53°. The resulting D correlates negatively with R, confirming preceding studies. When drainage lines along shallower hollows were added, however, the calculated D essentially constant. These relations arise from active landsliding in high-relief terrains, which has eroded steep channel banks into gentle ones. The decline of channel banks with increasing R is accelerated in terrains underlain by soft rocks, because of rapid erosion. The constant D for all the drainage lines indicates a uniform frequency or spacing of ridges and hollows on hillslopes in rugged humid mountains. Because the D–R and D–E relations for Japan reflect a uniquely Japanese physiographic setting characterized by frequent landsliding, they differ from those relations for other regions where channelization by gullying predominates. © 1997 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
484.
北祁连山石居里辉长岩的同位素年龄及其地质意义 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
首次利用锆石U-Pb方法测得北祁连山西段石居里辉长岩的生成年龄为(457.9±1.2)Ma.在空间上,石居里辉长岩与石居里铜矿紧密相关,石居里辉长岩位于石居里铜矿的下部;在时间上,虽然目前尚无石居里铜矿的成矿时代年龄,但研究认为与石居里辉长岩同属加里东期,而且成岩时代早于成矿时代,因此推测石居里辉长岩为可能为石居里铜矿提供了热源.由于该区有较多的中酸性岩体存在,该成岩时代的确定对于在该区寻找塞浦路斯型块状硫化物矿床有重要的理论和实际意义. 相似文献
485.
在闽中山地的穆阳溪流域上游区域广泛分布着海拔600 m左右、800 m左右和1 000~ 1 200 m三级残余古地形面.这些残余古地形面是闽中山区宝贵的土地资源.本文分析了该区域残余古地形面的地貌特点、成因及其利用价值. 相似文献
486.
487.
利用大容量气枪震源探测已成为探索地震预报新途径的一个重要发展方向,将推进经验性地震预测与物理预测的结合。祁连山、刘家峡气枪发射台的选址与建设经历曲折过程,在多方努力和帮助下,克服重重困难,最终高质量完成。祁连山气枪发射台的稳定运行,已积累了丰富的主动源气枪激发数据,并取得了多项创新性成果。新建的刘家峡气枪发射台将实现对海原断裂和西秦岭北缘深大断裂的连续监测,通过多点监测,分析强震孕育与区域应力场和介质变化的关系,开展地震危险性的分析研究。位于青藏高原东北缘强震活动强烈地区的甘肃未来计划再建设3个气枪主动源,联合祁连山、刘家峡气枪主动源,实现对青藏高原东北缘断裂带系进行主动源四维探测,对于甘肃的防震减灾和地震预测具有重要意义。 相似文献
488.
Pedro Walfir M. Souza-Filho Roberto Vizeu L. Pinheiro Francisco R. Costa José Tasso F. Guimarães Prafulla K. Sahoo Marcio S. Silva Cleverson G. Silva 《地球表面变化过程与地形》2020,45(14):3732-3746
This work details the role of fault reactivation in the development of tropical montane lakes by using basin morpho-structural analysis and seismostratigraphic studies. The upland lakes are severely faulted sinkholes, whose faults penetrate the Quaternary sedimentary units. Four main stages are related to the lake formation: (i) an Early Proterozoic tectonic deformation of the rocks along the southern border of the Carajás Structure, where the lake is placed; (ii) differential erosion by – and building of – the formation of the South Carajás Hill; (iii) Fe-rich crust formation by weathering and gravitational collapse faults following the E–W plateau border and the start of Violão Lake formation during the Pliocene–Pleistocene; and (iv) episodic fault-fracture reactivation by gravitational collapse causing pulses of subsidence in the lake and outlining its faulted borders. Dissolution of the lateritic crust and erosion by runoff drainage under wet climate conditions were coeval with fault activities, which allowed the deposition of relatively thick clastic deposits organized in three main seismostratigraphic units associated with major lake-level fluctuations. Initial fault reactivation under low-level water started lacustrine basin development with deposition of prograding fan deltas related to the main drainage. A second fault reactivation by gravitational collapse increased the lake accommodation space and resulted in the deposition of fine-grained sediments from dilute interflows or overflows until 36 000 cal year BP. At about 31 000 cal year BP, rapid decreases in the lake water level under redox conditions at the sediment/water interface allowed widespread siderite formation. A third gravitational collapse episode was responsible for the increase in the lake area and depth and the returning of clastic/organic deposition up to the present. This tropical montane lake can be seen as a representative example for understanding the formation of other upland lakes controlled by fault reactivation. © 2020 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
489.
中条山北麓断裂是运城盆地的主控断裂.作为第四纪以来的活动断裂,其活动情况与运城盆地及周边的地震活动间存在一定的关系.采用异常参数R值法和年滑动速率比法对布设在此断裂的流动水准场地观测数据进行分析,发现2种数据分析方法结合起来能更准确地发现观测数据的异常变化,研究结果可为运城盆地及周边地区的地震预测研究提供参考. 相似文献
490.
阿尔金山脉新生代隆升-剥露过程 总被引:24,自引:2,他引:22
阿尔金山脉位于青藏高原北缘。文中主要是利用磷灰石裂变径迹测年分析,探讨阿尔金山脉的隆升和剥露过程。来自阿尔金山脉34个花岗岩、花岗闪长岩和片麻岩样品中磷灰石的裂变径迹测试结果表明,阿尔金山脉存在至少5个阶段的剥露作用,反演出阿尔金山脉具有多期次、阶段性的隆升特征,并存在差异性:EW向的阿尔金北缘拉配泉—红柳沟山体隆升-剥露时间早(61~34Ma);NE向且末—茫崖山脉的主要隆升时间位于始新世晚期—中新世(42~11Ma);沿阿尔金(主)断裂山体的隆升-剥露最为年轻,存在三期主要的剥露作用:10·2~7·3、5·5~4·5和2·1~1·8Ma。结合区域磷灰石测年数据、区域变形事件及其阿尔金断裂走滑历史分析,推测阿尔金山脉在晚白垩世曾有过初期隆升和剥露,古近纪的剥露局限于阿尔金山脉北缘EW向的山脉,始新世晚期—中新世、上新世晚期和早更新世的山脉剥露作用遍及了青藏高原北缘山脉,8Ma是青藏高原抬升和变形的一期重要构造事件发生时间;前陆盆地和阿尔金山间盆地的沉积作用研究也显示了阿尔金山脉的隆升剥露过程与阿尔金断裂的走滑及其相关盆地沉积构造-演化具有很好的耦合关系。 相似文献