全断面隧道掘进机分类及其应用范围(英文)

目前,隧道掘进机的机械化及自动化水平得到了很大提高,隧道掘进机可以开挖不同的地质条件下各种形状的隧道。隧道掘进机的类型也越来越多,根据隧道工程场地所处的水文地质与工程地质条件,工程的使用特性及环境的限制,不同类型的隧道掘进机的工作机理需要进一步的理解并依此进行分类,以便选择合适的隧道掘进机。本文介绍了各种类型的全断面隧道掘进机的运行机理,并根据最终开挖隧道断面,掌子面的支护类型及岩土体的破碎机理对全断面隧道掘进机进行分类。本文也总结了各类型的隧道掘进机的应用范围。使用者可根据地质条件及特殊需要对隧道掘进机进行初步的选型。     

雪峰山隧道局部涌水模型探讨

雪峰山隧道施工后，对地下水进行了实时监测，并分析了雪峰山隧道涌水的基本情况，推导出三棱柱涌水模型，并加以验证，说明该模型的实用价值。     

A Simple Method for Analysis of Point Anchored Rockbolts in Circular Tunnels in Elastic Ground

Summary. A simple analytical method for the analysis of point anchored rockbolts is presented in this paper. The solution has been derived for elastic ground and rockbolts, for plane strain conditions, and for tunnels with circular cross section. The method provides accurate results for the rockbolts’ loads and displacements and explicitly includes the connection of the rockbolts to the surrounding ground. The addition of such details to a Finite Element numerical model is critical; otherwise the solution obtained may be dependent on the discretization used and on the stiffness of rockbolts and ground. As an alternative to including details of the rockbolt head and anchor point in the numerical model, which could be computationally very expensive, an equivalent spring constant is proposed. The spring constant is obtained by matching numerical with analytical results for a simple case, but keeping the geometry, material properties, and discretization unchanged.     

瞬态面波在隧道工程滑坡处治中应用一例

结合工程实例,介绍隧道工程设计施工过程中利用瞬态面波勘探技术,可确定滑坡体的覆盖范围及基岩埋深,是高效、经济探查、处治方法。     

Applying bi-directional evolutionary structural optimisation method for tunnel reinforcement design considering nonlinear material behaviour

In the empirical methods for reinforcement design of underground excavations, an even distribution of rock bolts is generally recommended. This work proves that this design is not necessarily optimal and shows how the state-of-the-art reinforcement design could be improved through topology optimisation techniques. The Bidirectional Evolutionary Structural Optimisation (BESO) method has been extended to consider nonlinear material behaviour. An elastic perfectly-plastic Mohr–Coulomb model is utilised for both original rock and reinforced rock. External work along the tunnel wall is considered as the objective function. Various in situ stress conditions with different horizontal stress ratios and different geostatic stress magnitudes are investigated through several examples. The outcomes show that the proposed approach is capable of improving tunnel reinforcement design. Also, significant difference in optimal reinforcement distribution for the cases of linear and nonlinear analysis results proves the importance of the influence of realistic nonlinear material properties on the final outcome.     

浅埋偏压隧道出口变形机理及稳定性分析

以皖南某公路浅埋偏压隧道出口段高边坡为研究对象,提出了零开挖进洞的施工方案,并结合洞口的工程地质条件,采取必要的加固措施。通过对该边坡现场工程地质条件的系统调查,首先对边坡的岩体结构类型及其成因机制、结构面与坡面组合特征进行细致研究,在此基础上通过FLAC3D数值模拟,结合工程地质条件分析,对其变形破坏机制进行深入探讨。研究结果表明,边坡的变形首先以隧道内侧存在的软弱岩体(挤压错动带、断层)的不均匀压缩为先导,进而引起上部岩体产生由NE向陡缓结构面构成的阶梯状滑动,这将会使隧道构筑物及隧道外壁承受较大的压应力,当压应力超过隧道构筑物及外壁的极限强度时将产生破坏,从而诱发上部岩体产生更大规模的地质灾害。基于此,隧道进洞开挖前首先应对上部岩体进行加固处理,避免隧道构筑物及隧道外壁产生应力集中现象。     

地震CT与FBG传感器技术在隧道结构诊断中的应用

针对飞鱼泽隧道的上行线二衬拱顶靠档墙处出现裂缝,经地震CT技术查清隧道上所覆盖岩体的工程地质结构结果表明,沿隧道轴向存在三个岩体破碎带,其中在小里程入口段,岩体完整性较差。在隧道病害治理和隧道健康监测中,经光纤Bragg光栅（FBG）传感器的监测结果表明,松散破碎岩体的地质情况得到了相应的加固。因此,地震CT和FBG两者的检测结论是相互印证的。     

软岩巷道耦合支护力学原理及其应用

本文从煤矿软岩的独特属性出发,详细论术了耦合支护的研究思路,根据耦合支护力学原理,将其应用于现场实践,并在工程实践中得到了验证。