湖南临湘虎形山矿区蚀变地球化学过程研究

湖南省临湘市虎形山钨矿是近年来新发现的大型钨铍矿床。矿区内围岩蚀变类型较多,主要有云英岩化、硅化、绢云母化、碳酸盐化、绿泥石化等。为了探究矿区围岩蚀变与成矿的关系,对蚀变硅质板岩分别作了主微量元素分析,通过元素相关性分析探究了各元素的迁移特征,并探讨了主要蚀变过程中出现的矿化类型以及矿化过程中一些金属矿物的生成顺序;利用标准化Isocon图解法,对围岩蚀变过程中组分的带入带出进行质量平衡计算。研究结果表明,板岩中组分迁移受绢云母化影响强烈,其中云英岩化与成矿关系最为密切,碳酸盐化与钨矿化也有一定联系。通过对湘东北地区、虎形山矿区冷家溪群和上地壳W、Cu、Pb、Zn、As、Sb丰度值的对比,反映了矿区地层富含成矿物质,但并未给成矿提供物质来源。     

雪峰弧形构造带南段牛角界钨矿区花岗岩地球化学特征

湖南牛角界钨矿区花岗岩体位于雪峰弧形构造带南段。岩体主要由细粒黑云母二长花岗岩、中细粒黑云母二长花岗岩、中粗粒黑云母二长花岗岩组成,其中钨矿化与细粒、中细粒花岗岩有关。岩石地球化学特征表明,富碱[ω(Na2O+K2O)=7.58~8.23wt%)],富钾(K2O/Na2O=1.41~1.56),A/CNK=1.45~1.55,属过铝质高钾“S”型花岗岩。稀土元素总量较低(66.29×10^-6~107.78×10^-6),富集轻稀土,LREE/HREE为4.59~8.51,呈右倾型。δEu含量为0.13~0.48,远小于1,显示明显的负异常。在微量元素配分模式中,岩石富集K、W、Ba、Cs、Rb等大离子亲石元素,亏损Th、Nb、Ta、P、Zr、Yb等高场强元素。岩体形成于碰撞造山后环境,并且对牛角界钨矿的形成具有一定的贡献。     

Ore Genesis and Tectonic Significance of the Xiaojiashan Tungsten Deposit,Eastern Tianshan,Xinjiang, China: Evidence from Geology,Fluid Inclusions,and Stable Isotope Geochemistry

The Xiaojiashan tungsten deposit is located about 200 km northwest of Hami City, the Eastern Tianshan orogenic belt, Xinjiang, northwestern China, and is a quartz vein‐type tungsten deposit. Combined fluid inclusion microthermometry, host rock geochemistry, and H–O isotopic compositions are used to constrain the ore genesis and tectonic setting of the Xiaojiashan tungsten deposit. The orebodies occur in granite intrusions adjacent to the metamorphic crystal tuff, which consists of the second lithological section of the first Sub‐Formation of the Dananhu Formation (D₂d ₁²). Biotite granite is the most widely distributed intrusive bodies in the Xiaojiashan tungsten deposit. Altered diorite and metamorphic crystal tuff are the main surrounding rocks. The granite belongs to peraluminous A‐type granite with high potassic calc‐alkaline series, and all rocks show light Rare Earth Element (REE)‐enriched patterns. The trace element characters suggest that crystallization differentiation might even occur in the diagenetic process. The granite belongs to postcollisional extension granite, and the rocks formed in an extensional tectonic environment, which might result from magma activity in such an extensional tectonic environment. Tungsten‐bearing quartz veins are divided into gray quartz vein and white quartz veins. Based on petrography observation, fluid inclusions in both kinds of vein quartz are mainly aqueous inclusions. Microthermometry shows that gray quartz veins have 143–354°C of T_h, and white quartz veins have 154–312°C of T_h. The laser‐Raman test shows that CO₂ is found in fluid inclusions of the tungsten‐bearing quartz veins. Quadrupole mass spectrometry reveals that fluid inclusions contain major vapor‐phase contents of CO₂, H₂O. Meanwhile, fluid inclusions contain major liquid‐phase contents of Cl^?, Na⁺. It can be speculated that the ore‐forming fluid of the Xiaojiashan tungsten deposit is characterized by an H₂O–CO₂, low salinity, and H₂O–CO₂–NaCl system. The range of hydrogen and oxygen isotope compositions indicated that the ore‐forming fluids of the tungsten deposit were mainly magmatic water. The ore‐forming age of the Xiaojiashan deposit should to be ~227 Ma. During the ore‐forming process, the magmatic water had separated from magmatic intrusions, and the ore‐bearing complex was taken to a portion where tungsten‐bearing ores could be mineralized. The magmatic fluid was mixed by meteoric water in the late stage.     

江西东坪石英脉型黑钨矿矿床地质特征、控矿因素及找矿标志

东坪钨矿床是近年在赣北地区新发现的首个超大型石英脉型黑钨矿矿床,位于长江中下游成矿带幕阜山地区东坪-香炉山钨矿找矿远景区东部。矿床赋矿层位为新元古代双桥山群安乐林组浅变质岩系,北东向断裂及其两侧的次级裂隙为区内主要控矿构造、容矿构造,隐伏的燕山晚期黑云母二长花岗岩为成矿岩体,与区内钨多金属成矿关系密切的为石英脉状硅化;两个矿带的钨矿体均产于成矿岩体外接触带,呈现了石英脉型黑钨矿矿床典型的"五层楼"分带特征,矿石工业类型主要为黑钨矿矿石;明确了构造和岩浆岩等主要控矿因素;总结出地表微细裂隙云英岩化-黄铁矿化蚀变带、含硫化物石英细脉带、石英脉、重砂及地球化学异常为区内主要找矿标志。     

ROCKS & MINERALS DETERMINATION AND ANALYSIS

正20141456 Chen Juan(Laboratory of High Temperature and High Pressure Study of the Earth’s Interior,Institute of Geochemistry,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Guiyang550002,China);Tang Hongfeng Progress in Analytical Methods of Tungsten Isotope and Experimental Research on Digestion of Whole     

北祁连山小柳沟钨矿床中辉钼矿Re-Os年龄测定及其意义

小柳沟是中国在北方最新探明的一个大型钨矿床,本文概要地介绍了该矿床的成矿地质背景和矿床地质特征,用Re-Os同位素方法测试辉钼矿,获得等时线年龄462±13 Ma(2σ),模式年龄436～496 Ma。还证明了成矿发生于板块碰撞期前,成矿物质主要为壳源。     

Cathodoluminescence and Trace Element Composition of Scheelite from the Middle-Lower Yangtze River Metallogenic Belt (MLYB): Implications for Mineralization and Exploration

The Middle–Lower Yangtze River Metallogenic Belt (MLYB) is known to contain abundant copper and iron porphyry-skarn deposits, with an increasing number of tungsten deposits and scheelite in Fe–Cu deposits being discovered in the MLYB during recent decades. The ore genesis of the newly-discovered tungsten mineralization in the MLYB is poorly understood. We investigate four sets of scheelite samples from tungsten, iron and copper deposits, using CL imaging and LA–ICP–MS techniques to reveal internal zonation patterns and trace element compositions. The REE distribution patterns of four studied deposits show varying degrees of LREE enrichment with negative Eu anomalies. The oxygen fugacity of ore-forming fluid increased in Donggushan, while the oxygen fugacity of ore-forming fluid decreased in Ruanjiawan, Guilinzheng and Gaojiabang. The scheelites from the Donggushan, Ruanjiawan, Guilinzheng and Gaojiabang deposits show enrichment in LREEs and HFSE, with Nb/La ratios ranging from 1.217 to 52.455, indicating that the four tungsten deposits are enriched in the volatile fluorine. A plot of (La/Lu)N versus Mo/δEu can be used to distinguish quartz vein type, porphyry and skarn tungsten deposits. This study demonstrates that scheelite grains can be used to infer tungsten mineralization and are effective in identifying magmatic types of tungsten deposits in prospective mining sites.     

直流弧光放电等离子体CVD金刚石薄膜中的晶体类型与特征

采用自主研制的直流弧光放电等离子体CVD设备,以甲烷和氢气为气源,在YG6硬质合金基体上制备出主显晶面为（100）、（111）以及纳米晶粒的金刚石薄膜涂层。SEM观测其晶体类型主要为立方体、八面体、立方八面体,其中以立方八面体为主。随着碳源气体浓度的增加,金刚石晶体的形态会呈现从八面体一立方八面体一立方体顺序转变的趋势;而薄膜的表面形貌呈现从主显（111）晶面-（111）与（100）晶面混杂-主显（100）晶面顺序转变的特征。此外,CVD金刚石薄膜中还存在有许多类似接触孪晶、贯穿孪晶、复合孪晶,以及球形或聚晶晶粒形态的晶体,并且多数孪晶属于类似（111）复合孪晶结构。     

中国钨矿成矿地质特征与资源潜力分析

钨矿是中国传统优势矿种,前人在钨矿成矿理论方面积累了非常丰富的研究成果。然而,随着近年来在江西、云南和新疆等地取得的多项钨矿重大找矿突破,对原有的钨成矿带地质认识提出了挑战,急需进一步分析和总结其地质特征、成矿规律和资源潜力,为今后地质找矿工作提供理论指导。文中采用矿床模型综合地质信息预测方法,在各省区钨矿资源潜力预测成果的基础上,以MapGIS为平台,进行数据库汇总与综合分析研究。首先,基于全国1 538处钨矿产地数据的统计分析,初步总结了中国钨矿时空分布特征,以及岩浆岩、构造和地层等控矿因素。其次,根据钨矿床及预测区的空间分布和大地构造单元,划分了56个钨矿成矿区带。再次,将钨矿的预测类型划分为石英脉型、夕卡岩型、斑岩型、云英岩型、陆相火山岩型、沉积变质型、层控夕卡岩型和砂矿型,并建立了主要钨矿类型的预测模型。最后,在全国范围累计圈定的1 357个最小预测,累计预测资源量(WO3)2 973×104 t。根据钨矿区域成矿特征,将最小预测区归并为461个二级预测区,并进一步合并为118个钨矿三级预测区,其中,找矿潜力大的河南卢氏-栾川、新疆白干湖、湖南香花岭-瑶岗仙、甘肃野马滩-干巴河脑、江西坪背山-八仙脑和大湖塘等6个三级预测区可优先部署钨矿勘查工作。     

Skarn-type tungsten mineralization associated with the Caledonian (Silurian) Niutangjie granite,northern Guangxi,China

The Niutangjie tungsten deposit is a bedded skarn-type scheelite deposit and is located at the junction between Ziyuan and Xingan counties in the north of Guangxi,China.The deposit is genetically related to a fine-grained two-mica granite within the orefield.Zircon LA-ICP-MS U-Pb dating of the granite yielded a Silurian(Caledonian)age of 421.8±2.4 Ma,which is contemporaneous with the adjacent Yuechengling batholith.Mineralization within the skarn is associated with a quartz,garnet,and diopside gangue,and scheelite is present in a number of different mineral assemblages,such as quartz-scheelite and quartz-sulfide-scheelite;these assemblages correspond to oxide and sulfide stages of mineralization.Sm-Nd isotope analysis of scheelite yielded an isochron age of 421±24 Ma.Although the uncertainty on this date is high,this age suggests that the scheelite mineralization formed during the Late Caledonian,at a similar time to the emplacement of the Niutangjie granite.Zircons within the granite have?Hf(t)values and Hf two-stage model ages of?6.5 to?11.6,and 1.79 to 2.11 Ga,respectively.These data suggest that the magma that formed the granite was derived from Mesoproterozoic crustal materials.Scheelite?Nd(t)values range from?13.06 to?13.26,also indicative of derivation from ancient crustal materials.Recent research has identified Caledonian magmatism in the western Nanling Range,indicating that this magmatism may be the source of contemporaneous tungsten mineralization.