矽卡岩型钨矿床成矿作用研究进展

钨具有极高的熔点和硬度,是现代生活、工业、国防和高科技领域中不可或缺的基础材料。研究显示,矽卡岩型钨矿是世界钨矿床中最主要的类型,广泛分布于受俯冲影响的环太平洋大陆边缘和与碰撞有关的欧亚大陆内部古大陆边缘,形成时代集中在中生代和古生代。钨在岩浆演化过程中呈现不相容的特征,因此与钨矿化相关的岩浆岩演化程度较高,包括S型、A型以及高分异I型花岗岩。钨具有较高的流体亲和性,使其在熔-流体分异过程中倾向于富集在共存的流体相。钨在热液流体中以氯化物、氟化物和碳酸盐络合物,以及同多钨酸盐和杂多钨酸盐等形式迁移,主要受源岩、围岩成分和流体物化条件等因素影响。矽卡岩型钨矿的成矿作用存在多期次、多阶段演化特征,不同阶段的成矿流体的温度和盐度存在差异。白钨矿是矽卡岩型钨矿中主要的矿石矿物,其沉淀可能受到多种机制的影响,如降温、流体混合、流体沸腾及流体-围岩反应等。文章简要综述了世界矽卡岩型钨矿的时空分布、地质特征和相关成因矿物学研究,并重点总结了钨的成矿岩浆-热液体系特征,钨在岩浆-热液演化过程中的地球化学行为及其迁移和沉淀机制等方面的研究成果。文章指出,为了完善矽卡岩型钨矿的成矿和找矿勘查模型,应当加强矽卡岩型钨矿的成矿时代、成矿物质和流体来源以及成矿环境的精细研究。     

RESPONSE OF IMPACT DAMPERS WITH GRANULAR MATERIALS UNDER RANDOM EXCITATION

This paper presents the results of an experimental and analytical study of the performance of granular material dampers with tungsten powder, as an impacting mass, under wide-band random excitation. The influence of some of the major system parameters such as the total auxiliary mass ratio, container dimensions and intensity of the excitation are investigated using a small building model under base excitation. An approximate analytical solution based on the concept of an equivalent single-unit impact damper is presented. Comparison between the experimental and analytical results shows that, with the proper use of the equivalent single-particle impact damper approach, reasonably accurate estimates of the rms response of a primary system under stationary random excitation can be obtained.     

锡和钨:西藏冈底斯带潜在的优势矿种

规模巨大的西藏冈底斯复合岩浆岩带近几年已被公认是我国又一个重要成矿带,拥有铜、铅、锌、金和富铁等优势矿种。除此之外,锡钨应是两个潜在的优势矿种。该带在中、新生代板块活动频繁而强烈,生成有弧花岗岩、碰撞造山花岗岩和后造山花岗岩。碰撞造山花岗岩源于陆壳的局部熔融,具有锡钨成矿专属性。它与弧花岗岩共同集中分布在南、中、北冈底斯3个花岗岩带中,时代以白垩纪至古近纪为主,数量每个岩带均有40个以上的岩体。据岩石学、岩石化学和稀土、微量元素地球化学特征可在每个壳熔花岗岩带中区分出期波下日、桑巴、雅唐那、鲁巴杠、鱼弄、更张等一批成锡花岗岩;据地层岩石的微量元素丰度判定出念青唐古拉岩群、下古生界、中上侏罗统和下白垩统等地层为锡、钨矿源层;加上众所周知的冈底斯带多期构造变动和发育的各种塑、脆性变形形迹,说明冈底斯带确有锡、钨成矿的优越条件。而已有的锡钨矿床、矿(化)点、找矿线索和找矿信息表明,在冈底斯带中确有这两种矿存在,且有进一步普查找矿前景。     

New dating of Dajishan granite and related tungsten mineralization, South Jiangxi Province, China

The Dajishan deposit is a well-known tungsten and niobium-tantalum deposit in China. Due to the technological restrictions, little work has been done on the ages of ore-forming and related granite in Dajishan for a long time. By means of the single-zircon U-Pb isotopic method, the intrusion age is reported in this paper, which is (151.7±1.6) Ma for a patched granite body (the source granite for Nb-Ta). By quick neutron mobilization method, an ⁴⁰Ar-³⁹Ar age of mica from the major ore vein is determined, yielding ore-forming ages of 144 Ma and 147 Ma. Combining these age data with the occurrences of the main granite body, the patched body, the major ore veins and Na-Ta mineralization, the paper discusses their formation orders and relationships. These data also show that the Dajishan granite and its related mineralizations are the product of magmatism in the middle Yanshanian stage and a part of the secondary large-scale mineralization in the Mesozoic. Translated from Acta Geologica Sinica, 2006, 80(7): 956–962 [译自: 地质学报]     

岩石地球化学剖面测量在找矿实践中的应用——以新疆哈密市白山北坡HS-2异常为例

在1∶5万区域地质矿产调查的基础上,对新疆哈密市白山北坡HS-2异常区钨矿点实施1∶1万岩石地球化学剖面测量,并对其地质、地球化学特征进行综合研究,圈定了两个钨矿化蚀变带,初步判断有工业矿体存在。在此基础上肯定了异常区的找矿前景,并指出了找矿重点地段。     

湖南瑶岗仙钨矿床流体包裹体特征及其意义

对瑶岗仙石英脉型钨矿床的石英、萤石和夕卡岩型钨矿床中石榴石流体包裹体的岩相学特征研究表明,与成矿有关的包裹体主要有三类:富液相、富气相和含子晶的多相包裹体。脉型钨矿床中石英包裹体均一温度范围为180℃～300℃,盐度0.88～6.45 wt%NaCl eqv;矽卡岩型钨矿床中石榴石包裹体的均一温度范围为190℃～300℃,盐度0.1～8.95wt%NaCl eqv;成矿溶液的密度为0.81～0.89g/cm~3,表明形成这两种类型矿床的成矿流体均属于中温、低盐度、低密度的流体;成矿压力为120～160MPa,成矿深度约为7～9km,因此该矿床是在中高压力、中深成条件下形成的。激光拉曼探针分析表明,石英中包裹体的气相成分比石榴石中的更富含 CH_4、CO_4和 H_2O 等挥发份,说明流体是一种介于岩浆与热液之间的过渡性流体,具有上部偏液、下部偏浆的特点。由于该区自燕山期以来软流圈上隆,岩石圈经历了强烈的伸展、减薄作用和壳幔相互作用,而 C-H 还原性组分的增加,指示流体很可能来自于深部的地幔过渡带或者软流圈。     

Oxyanion Concentrations in Eastern Sierra Nevada Rivers – 3. Boron, Molybdenum, Vanadium, and Tungsten

Water samples were collected from 10 locations along the Truckee River system, 14 locations along the Walker River system, and 12 locations along the Carson River, and analyzed for B, Mo, V, W, Na, Cl, and pH. Boron concentrations ranged from approximately 2 mol/kg in the upper reaches of the Truckee River to almost 1,200 mol/kg in Pyramid Lake. Molybdenum, V, and W had concentrations in the nanomolal range; Mo varied from a low of about 12 nmol/kg to a high of 3,200 nmol/kg (Walker Lake); V ranged from 9 nmol/kg to approximately 470 nmol/kg; and W varied from a low value around 0.8 nmol/kg (West Walker River) to 1,030 nmol/kg. The high concentrations of these oxyanion-forming trace elements in the rivers reflects (1) the relative stability of these oxyanions (e.g., MoO₄ ^2-, HVO₄ ^2-, WO₄ ^2-, B(OH)₃, and/or B(OH)₄ ^-) in the alkaline, well oxygenated river and lake waters, (2) contributions of hydrothermal waters (especially for B), and (3) weathering of rocks/regolith with high concentrations of these elements. In the case of Mo, V, and W, each exhibited relatively conservative behavior in the upper, oxygenated reaches of all three rivers. During the study period the region experienced a prolonged drought such that the lower reaches of each river were typified by no flow or stagnant waters and probably low oxygen and/or anoxic conditions (although not measured). Reductive processes occurring in the low flow to stagnant reaches of each river could have led to removal of Mo, V, and W from solution as coprecipitates with Fe monosulfides, or via sorption to Fe oxides/oxyhydroxides and/or organic matter. Boron, however, exhibited essentially no or minor removal from these rivers, and instead was added to each river via B-rich hydrothermal waters (e.g., Steamboat Creek from Steamboat Hot Springs), or by B-rich groundwaters via base-flow during the extensive drought.     

内蒙古沙麦钨矿床地质及流体包裹体研究

文章首次对内蒙古东乌珠穆沁旗沙麦钨矿床的石英流体包裹体进行了均一温度、盐度和成分测试,并分析了主成矿期石英流体包裹体的氢、氧同位素组成。结果表明,沙麦钨矿床成矿流体为中_高温、中低盐度的H2O_NaCl_CO2±CH4流体体系,系岩浆演化热液与大气降水的混合产物。花岗质岩浆不仅从深部携带了成矿物质,而且带来了巨大热能,在自身发育的断裂系统内引起热液的对流循环和混合,导致了钨的沉淀。     

WC类硬质合金胎体材料的试验研究

介绍一种ＷＣ类硬质合金胎体材料配方,在胎体材料中添加了微量磷元素,通过其活化作用,使硬质合金材料在１０６０℃温度下烧结成型,并通过调节配方中的Ｃｏ－Ｎｉ含量,使其具 备了所需要的机械性能。并扼要介绍了以ＹＧ１２－Ｎｉ８－Ｐ０．２硬质合金为胎体材料的人造金刚石复合体。     

赣东北朱溪矿床云英脉型钨矿体及矽卡岩型钨铜矿体成因关系 ——来自石榴子石、白钨矿原位U-Pb年代学及微量元素特征的证据

朱溪矿床是江南钨矿带中产于燕山期中酸性侵入岩与晚古生代碳酸盐岩接触带附近以矽卡岩矿体为主的钨铜矿床,发育“上铜下钨”的空间分带。浅部发育矽卡岩型和脉型铜矿体,深部发育矽卡岩型钨铜矿体、云英细脉-网脉型钨矿体及蚀变花岗岩型钨矿体。浅部矽卡岩型铜矿体中石榴子石U-Pb年龄为152.6±2.6 Ma、深部云英脉型钨矿体中白钨矿U-Pb年龄为153.4±2.2 Ma、深部矽卡岩型钨铜矿体中白钨矿U-Pb年龄为153.9±2.7 Ma,三者时代在误差范围内一致,表明钨、铜矿化均形成于同一热液体系,结合云英脉型钨矿体和矽卡岩型钨铜矿体中两类白钨矿的微量元素特征分析,流体起源于富WO₄^2-、低Sr的高分异岩浆热液,白钨矿是以Ca²⁺空位的方式置换REE³⁺,稀土元素的分配行为记录了不同类型矿化流体性质。云英脉型钨矿化形成于还原环境,且氧逸度的显著降低以及围岩提供大量Ca²⁺促进了白钨矿的沉淀,而矽卡岩型钨铜矿化为相对开放的热液体系,后期经历了氧逸度升高,增强了流体富集金属Cu的能力,从而萃取...