Incorporating set-up into LRFD method for drilled shafts

The increase of pile resistance with time is referred to as ‘set-up’. This behaviour of driven piles has been widely discussed in many studies by researchers. Meanwhile, there has been little, if any, information regarding this aspect for drilled shafts. Performing a bearing capacity test for a shaft over time, however, requires higher costs and more complicated rigs compared to a driven pile. A database including results from five Osterberg cell-tested drilled shafts conducted at two different stages is considered, from which the set-up effect is statistically analysed. The reliability-based analysis technique using Monte Carlo simulation (MCS) is used to develop separate resistance factors to account for different degrees of uncertainties associated with the predicted reference resistance and the predicted set-up resistance in the framework of the load and resistance factor design (LRFD) method. By incorporating set-up into design, shaft length or number of shafts can be reduced and economical design of drilled shafts can be achieved.     

四川安谷水电站勘探竖井及试验平硐施工工艺

四川安谷水电站勘探竖井所处地层河床砂卵石层深厚,采用传统的人工挖掘护壁或沉井施工工艺,施工难度大。针对地层的特点,采用冲击钻机成孔的方式施工。同时,在竖井中开挖试验平硐,遵循多炮眼、小进尺、小药量,光面爆破的施工方案,圆满完成试验平硐的开挖。介绍了其施工技术及注意事项。     

钻井法施工大口径钢壁立井施工工艺

钻井法施工大口径钢壁立井因施工周期短、建井成本低、安全性能高等优点为小型国有企业、乡镇、集体、私营和个体企业的发展提供了重要支撑,但至今为止对钻井法施工大口径钢壁立井施工工艺的研究明显滞后于市场发展的要求,为探索解决这一问题,结合工程实例,从埋设井口定位管—锁口—泥浆循环系统—安装设备—钻孔—扩孔—洗井—下井筒—注浆止水（固井）—排浆—检查固井效果等方面介绍了钻井法施工大口径钢壁立井施工工艺。     

一种新型掺气设施的试验研究

设置在泄洪洞竖井内的环形掺气设施是不同于传统掺气技术的新创意.为了更好地认识这种新型的掺气技术,基于公伯峡水平旋流泄洪洞原型和模型试验,对环形掺气坎的通风和掺气特性进行了研究.结果表明环形通气孔的通风是由通气孔进出口的压差引起的,通风量与相对空腔长度的关系服从线性分布;环形掺气坎掺气减蚀的作用明显,其掺气是由于射流冲击竖井水体形成大尺度旋涡并挟带气泡所致,且掺气浓度沿高程呈乘幂分布;模型通风和掺气特性的缩尺效应明显.在结构设计满足要求的前提下,有必要在旋流泄洪洞的竖井段设置掺气设施,可改善水流流态,并增加消能效果.     

考虑深基坑开挖效应的超长灌注桩桩身压缩综合系数的理论分析

对于深基坑坑底以下的工程桩,受开挖效应影响,桩侧摩阻力分布与常规条件下差异较大。基于超长钻孔灌注桩的足尺试验和数值分析结果,研究了常规和基坑开挖条件下试桩不同侧摩阻力分布导致的沉降特性差异。研究结果表明,超长钻孔灌注桩在工作荷载下一般端阻比较小,桩侧摩阻力的分布形式直接决定了桩身压缩综合系数。无深基坑开挖影响时,规范推荐的桩身压缩综合系数计算超长桩桩身压缩量是可行的。但在深基坑开挖条件下,钻孔灌注桩桩身压缩综合系数取值可比现行规范基于不考虑基坑开挖效应的推荐值大20%,不考虑深基坑开挖影响可能导致桩顶沉降被低估。此外,在深开挖条件下,超长钻孔灌注桩的桩身压缩综合系数随桩身长径比l/d的增大而减小;而常规条件下,桩身压缩综合系数随桩身长径比l/d变化的规律不明显。     

借助罐笼确定联系点的方法及其精度分析

对竖井定向中联系三角形的有利形状进行讨论,根据系统传递实际情况,阐述了借助罐笼确定联系点进行竖井定向,并从精度分析的角度对其进行可行性分析。实际应用和结果表明,该方法具有一定的参考价值和实用价值。     

应用电阻率层析成像探测采空区、斜风井巷道稳定性计算

采用电阻率层析成像二维测量的方法,对河南省义马市义马煤业(集团)2×50MW跃进电厂采空区和斜风井巷道进行了勘探,获取了采空区、影响区以及斜风井巷道的准确位置.说明,电阻率层析成像二维测量的方法在采空区和斜风井巷道的探测中是行之有效的;煤矿采空区和斜风井巷道内在没有水体存在时,电阻率层析成像二维测量成果图中反映的一般都是高阻异常封闭圈.如果有水体存在,其异常则表现为低阻异常封闭圈.同时,根据该区的地质构造、地层结构、地面建筑的有关参数等资料,分析和计算了斜风井巷道的稳定性和安全性.结果表明,①主控楼受斜风井巷道的影响较大,是不稳定的,也是不安全的,必须采取妥善的加固措施;②主厂房不受斜风井巷道的影响,是稳定的,可以不采取加固措施.     

Load–settlement behavior of rock-socketed drilled shafts using Osterberg-Cell tests

Osterberg-Cell (O-Cell) tests are widely used to predict the load–settlement behavior of large-diameter drilled shafts socketed in rock. The loading direction of O-Cell tests for shaft resistance is opposite to that of conventional downward load tests, meaning that the equivalent top load–settlement curve determined by the summation of the mobilized shaft resistance and end bearing at the same deflection neglects the pile-toe settlement caused by the load transmitted along the pile shaft. The emphasis is on quantifying the effect of coupled shaft resistance, which is closely related to the ratios of pile diameter to soil modulus (D/E_s) and total shaft resistance to total applied load (R_s/Q) in rock-socketed drilled shafts, using the coupled load-transfer method. The proposed analytical method, which takes into account the effect of coupled shaft resistance, was developed using a modified Mindlin’s point load solution. Through comparisons with field case studies, it was found that the proposed method reasonably estimated the load-transfer behavior of piles and coupling effects due to the transfer of shaft shear loading. These results represent a significant improvement in the prediction of load–settlement behaviors of drilled shafts subjected to bi-directional loading from the O-Cell test.     

Piles shaft capacity from CPT and CPTu data by polynomial neural networks and genetic algorithms

Cone penetration test (CPT) is one of the most common in situ tests which is used for pile design because it can be realized as a model pile. The measured cone resistance (q_c) and sleeve friction (f_s) usually are employed for estimation of pile unit toe and shaft resistances, respectively. Thirty three pile case histories have been compiled including static loading tests performed in uplift, or in push with separation of shaft and toe resistances at sites which comprise CPT or CPTu sounding. Group method of data handling (GMDH) type neural networks optimized using genetic algorithms (GAs) are used to model the effects of effective cone point resistance (q_E) and cone sleeve friction (f_s) as input parameters on pile unit shaft resistance, applying some experimentally obtained training and test data. Sensitivity analysis of the obtained model has been carried out to study the influence of input parameters on model output. Some graphs have been derived from sensitivity analysis to estimate pile unit shaft resistance based on q_E and f_s. The performance of the proposed method has been compared with the other CPT and CPTu direct methods and referenced to measured piles shaft capacity. The results demonstrate that appreciable improvement in prediction of pile shaft capacity has been achieved.     

新安县引畛济涧隧洞工程小导管注浆技术

新安县引畛济涧工程3号竖井开挖深度大,地下水极其丰富,存在涌水突水情况。采取小导管注浆措施进行涌水点2倍洞径范围内封堵渗涌水,浆液采用水泥水玻璃双浆液。注浆封堵加固一环开挖掘进一环,成功地完成了隧洞的开挖掘进。为类似工程施工提供了经验。