江西德兴铜矿大坞河土壤重金属累积特征与成因

江西德兴铜矿是中国超大型斑岩铜矿,随着矿业活动的增加,德兴铜矿区重金属污染问题日益严重。查明德兴铜矿土壤重金属累积作用及原因,可为政府机构、矿山开展环境整冶提供科学依据。在大坞河上游、中游、下游选定3个剖面,采集50件土壤样品,得出其基于地球化学基线的累积特征。整体来讲,Cu、Mo累积作用最为显著,Cr、As累积作用明显,同时发现一级、二级阶地上累积显著,并从矿石组合、地化背景、河流阶地、元素形态、矿山生产等角度开展累积作用的原因分析。     

南非主要金矿集区研究现状及存在问题

南非是世界上金矿石资源量最为丰富的国家,其金矿床主要产于东北部地区,主要有三种类型:1赋存于兰德盆地砾岩型建造中的"兰德"砾岩型金矿床,2产在绿岩带中的绿岩带型金矿床,和3主要与白云岩有关的白云岩型金矿床,以前两种类型为主。"兰德"砾岩型金矿床通常品位高,开采规模最大,目前采矿的深度最大,是南非最重要的矿床类型,其矿床成因长期以来存有争议,主要有两种观点,分别是砂矿模式和热液模式,就目前资料来看笔者等认为其代表了两个不同的矿化阶段;绿岩带型金矿床则以巴伯顿地区为代表,矿床具有规模大、易开采等特征,因此在南非金矿床开采中占有重要位置,其矿床主要赋存于石英脉或剪切带中,矿床成因主要有三种,分别是火山成矿模式、转换滑脱构造模式和构造交叉模式。     

四川盆地下寒武统膏盐岩发育特征与封盖有效性分析

四川盆地下寒武统广泛发育一套膏盐岩,主要沉积于早寒武世龙王庙期。基于四川盆地深井及实测剖面中膏盐岩的识别和统计,发现下寒武统有川南和鄂西两大聚盐区,最厚达690.40m;川南聚盐区西部以含泥含云质石膏岩类和含膏砂泥岩类为主,东部及颚西聚盐区主要为含膏白云岩类。结合前人研究,认为膏盐岩发育于浅水缓坡沉积环境,有潮上萨布哈和缓坡蒸发两类成因。通过对川南聚盐区储盖匹配关系及后期构造与膏盐岩封盖性分析,表明下寒武统膏盐岩与盐下震旦系优质的白云岩储层在空间上具有良好的匹配关系;四川盆地边界大断裂及边界外寒武系的抬升暴露让膏盐岩在盆地外封盖性失效,而在盆地内膏盐岩的封盖性较好。威远气田解剖表明有膏盐岩分布的威远地区成藏,而无膏盐岩分布的资阳地区气藏被破坏,显示了下寒武统膏盐岩在四川盆地油气成藏中具有重要的作用。     

柴北缘绿梁山地区早古生代弧后盆地型蛇绿岩的年代学、地球化学及大地构造意义

岩石学、地球化学、年代学及Lu-Hf同位素综合研究表明在柴北缘西段绿梁山大平沟地区出露一套弧后盆地型蛇绿岩,岩石类型主要包括变质橄榄岩、变火山岩、变辉长岩及斜长花岗岩。其中变火山岩具有LREE亏损,类似N-MORB的稀土配分模式,同时又具有富集大离子亲石元素,亏损Nb、Ta等高场强元素的岛弧火山岩的地球化学特征,应形成在弧后盆地环境。斜长花岗岩为低钾准铝质花岗岩,具有LREE略微富集,HREE平坦的稀土配分型式,显示强烈Eu正异常,其εHf(t)值介于13.7～15.3之间,为变辉长岩部分熔融的产物,熔融温压条件可能为P=0.8～0.9GPa和T=～800℃。年代学研究结果表明变辉长岩的形成时代为535±2Ma,斜长花岗岩的形成时代为493±3Ma,指示本地区弧后盆地拉张时限至少介于493～535Ma之间,而柴北缘地区古大洋俯冲消减作用应早于535Ma。     

Early Cretaceous trachybasalt-trachyte-trachyrhyolitic volcanism in the Nyalga basin (Central Mongolia): sources and evolution of continental rift magmas

As shown by geological, mineralogical, and isotope geochemical data, trachybasaltic-trachytic-trachyrhyolitic (TTT) rocks from the Nyalga basin in Central Mongolia result from several eruptions of fractionated magmas within a short time span at about 120 Ma. Their parental basaltic melts formed by partial melting of mantle peridotite which was metasomatized and hydrated during previous subduction events. Basaltic trachyandesites have high TiO₂ and K₂O, relatively high P₂O₅, and low MgO contents, medium ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr(₀) ratios (0.70526-0.70567), and almost zero or slightly negative ε_Nd(T) values. The isotope geochemical signatures of TTT rocks are typical of Late Mesozoic basaltic rocks from rift zones of Mongolia and Transbaikalia. The sources of basaltic magma at volcanic centers of Northern and Central Asia apparently moved from a shallower and more hydrous region to deeper and less hydrated lithospheric mantle (from spinel to garnet-bearing peridotite) between the Late Paleozoic and the latest Mesozoic. The geochemistry and mineralogy of TTT rocks fit the best models implying fractional crystallization of basaltic trachyandesitic, trachytic, and trachyrhyodacitic magmas. Mass balance calculations indicate that trachytic and trachydacitic magmas formed after crystallization of labradorite-andesine, Ti-augite, Sr-apatite, Ti-magnetite, and ilmenite from basaltic trachyandesitic melts. The melts evolved from trachytic to trachyrhyodacitic and trachyrhyolitic compositions as a result of prevalent crystallization of K-Na feldspar, with zircon, chevkinite-Ce, and LREE-enriched apatite involved in fractionation. Trachytic, trachyrhyodacitic, and trachyrhyolitic residual melts were produced by the evolution of compositionally different parental melts (basaltic trachyandesitic, trachytic, and trachyrhyodacitic, respectively), which moved to shallower continental crust and accumulated in isolated chambers. Judging by their isotopic signatures, the melts assimilated some crustal material, according to the assimilation and fractional crystallization (AFC) model.     

寒武系烃源古油藏油裂解气特征及成藏条件

在寒武系为母源的气藏中,普遍存在的固体沥青、25-降藿烷、氮气等三种物质,实际是古油藏残余油裂解的产物。25-降藿烷一般与氧化—降解油有关,氮气来自油藏水洗时溶入的大气,二者共同反映古油藏经历的抬升破坏作用。寒武系烃源一般经历过两次成藏:加里东—海西期形成“油藏”,燕山—喜马拉雅期裂解为“气藏”。寒武系油裂解气成藏的地质条件是:古构造聚油、后期改造适度、叠合盆地增熟、断层作为油气运移通道等。围绕加里东—海西期古油藏寻找原生、次生油裂解气是今后寻找寒武系来源油气的重要途径。     

Evidence for compressionally induced high subsidence rates in the Kurile Basin (Okhotsk Sea)

A combined volcanological, geochemical, paleo-oceanological, geochronological and geophysical study was undertaken on the Kurile Basin, in order to constrain the origin and evolution of this basin. Very high rates of subsidence were determined for the northeastern floor and margin of the Kurile Basin. Dredged volcanic samples from the Geophysicist Seamount, which were formed under subaerial or shallow water conditions but are presently located at depths in excess of 2300 m, were dated at 0.84±0.06 and 1.07±0.04 Ma with the laser ⁴⁰Ar/³⁹Ar single crystal method, yielding a minimum average subsidence rate of 1.6 mm/year for the northeast basin floor in the Quaternary. Trace element and Sr–Nd–Pb isotope data from the volcanic rocks show evidence for contamination within lower continental crust and/or the subcontinental lithospheric mantle, indicating that the basement presently at 6-km depth is likely to represent thinned continental crust. Average subsidence rates of 0.5–2.0 mm/year were estimated for the northeastern slope of the Kurile Basin during the Pliocene and Quaternary through the determination of the age and paleo-environment (depth) of formation of sediments from a canyon wall. Taken together, the data from the northeastern part of the Kurile Basin indicate that subsidence began in or prior to the Early Pliocene and that subsidence rates have increased in the Quaternary. Similar rates of subsidence have been obtained from published studies on the Sakhalin Shelf and Slope and from volcanoes in the rear of the Kurile Arc. The recent stress field of the Kurile Basin is inferred from the analysis of seismic activity, focal mechanism solutions and from the structure of the sedimentary cover and of the Alaid back-arc volcano. Integration of these results suggests that compression is responsible for the rapid subsidence of the Kurile Basin and that subsidence may be an important step in the transition from basin formation to its destruction. The compression of the Kurile Basin results from squeezing of the Okhotsk Plate between four major plates: the Pacific, North American, Eurasian and Amur. We predict that continued compression could lead to subduction of the Kurile Basin floor beneath Hokkaido and the Kurile Arc in the future and thus to basin closure.     

湘西北下寒武统黑色页岩伴生元素研究新进展

湖南大庸慈利的镍钼多金属矿床是湘西北下寒武统黑色页岩中伴生元素镍钼及铂族元素等富集最好地段。该矿床中的硅岩应属典型的喷气岩；特殊的筒状富矿体，以及Ｎｉ、Ｍｏ、Ｃｕ、Ｚｎ、Ｓｅ、Ａｓ、Ｂａ、Ａｕ、Ａｇ、Ｐｔ族元素特殊组合；矿石中金属硫化物呈胶状产出，显示快速堆积特征。     

三塘湖盆地中二叠统原油的来源及其分布特征

在对三塘湖盆地中二叠统原油物性、生物标志物特征分析的基础上,开展了油岩生物标志物参数的对比和成藏主控因素的分析。研究认为,中二叠统芦草沟组原油属于自生自储、源内成藏。条湖组原油主要来自芦草沟组烃源岩,属于近源成藏;部分原油(马49井等)来自下二叠统-上石炭统,属于源外成藏。中二叠统的源岩油藏分布主控因素主要体现在源和裂缝两个方面,有效源岩(主要体现在源岩成熟度上)控制了油藏的分布;裂缝(构造裂缝为主)则是控制油藏产能的关键。因此,三塘湖盆地的原油勘探应围绕源和裂缝这两个方面进行,上述认识对油田中二叠统原油的勘探具有积极的指导意义。     

塔里木盆地志留系柯坪塔格组砂岩岩石学特征与物源分析

通过对塔里木盆地志留系柯坪塔格组砂岩的碎屑矿物含量与氧化物、微量元素变化规律分析,研究该地区砂岩的岩石学及其物源特征。研究结果表明塔里木盆地志留系柯坪塔格组构造环境为活动大陆边缘和被动大陆边缘,物源区主要为再循环造山带。砂岩成分主要在石英、钾长石、斜长石、伊利石和绿泥石等矿物之间变化。化学风化作用指标(CIW)和化学蚀变作用指标(CIA)反映了该地区砂岩受到了强烈的风化作用,风化作用强度为:塔中地区砂岩>塔北地区砂岩>满东地区砂岩。化学组分变化指标(ICV)反映有些砂岩中含有第一次旋回沉积物。A-CN-K三角图反映了砂岩的母岩中斜长石含量要高于钾长石含量,在花岗闪长岩和花岗岩之间变化,砂岩在风化过程中受到了钾的交代作用,长石以及长石中的高岭石发生了伊利石化。微量元素及其特征参数(如La/Yb-ΣREE、δEu等)也反映了该地区砂岩来源于花岗岩物源区。