扬子北缘晚古元古代A型花岗质岩:Columbia超大陆裂解的证据

为约束扬子陆块晚古元古代构造演化历史,以华山观岩体的钾长花岗岩和二长花岗岩为研究对象,开展地球化学、年代学、全岩Nd同位素及锆石Hf同位素分析。锆石U-Pb定年结果显示钾长花岗岩和二长花岗岩的结晶年龄分别为1860±12 Ma(MSWD=0.69)和1832±14 Ma(MSWD=0.48)。两类岩石都显示铝质A型花岗岩的地球化学特征,一致的ε_(Hf)(t)值(-10.9～-13.8)及其二阶段模式年龄(2962～3183 Ma),揭示其由同一套太古宙的地壳部分熔融形成。综合已有ε_(Hf)(t)值资料,表明扬子陆块广泛存在两套太古宙长英质地壳(3.0～3.5 Ga; 3.5～3.9 Ga),为华山观两类花岗岩的岩浆形成提供了物源。华山观岩体两类花岗岩的锆石饱和温度揭示源岩位于较深的地壳,且二长花岗岩的形成有更多热源的参与。结合扬子陆块同期(～1.85Ga)A型花岗岩的地球化学数据,认为华山观钾长花岗岩具有后碰撞A_2型花岗岩的特征,形成于后碰撞伸展环境,而华山观二长花岗岩具有A_1型花岗岩的地球化学特征,暗示造山后伸展到陆内裂谷过渡的构造背景,可能与Columbia超大陆裂解有关。     

兴安地块南段乌兰复合岩体年代学、地球化学及其地质意义

兴蒙造山带北缘晚古生代的构造格局,尤其是洋盆的闭合时限一直存在争议,兴安地块南的乌兰复合岩体为解决这一问题提供了一个良好的研究窗口。对乌兰复合岩体进行了锆石U-Pb测年与地球化学特征研究,确定了其形成时代与岩石成因,进而揭示了区域构造背景。乌兰复合岩体由细粒二长花岗岩和斑状二长花岗岩组成,前者构成了岩体的主体,成岩年龄为(312±2) Ma,形成时代为晚石炭世早期。地球化学特征显示：细粒二长花岗岩和斑状二长花岗岩均具有全碱含量中等、富钾、过铝质的特征,为高钾钙碱性系列的高分异S型花岗岩,且细粒二长花岗岩的稀土含量偏低,负Eu异常更明显,显示了更高的分异演化特征;细粒二长花岗岩和斑状二长花岗岩均富集大离子亲石元素(Rb、Th及K),显著亏损Ba、Sr、Ti等元素,弱亏损Ta、Nb等元素,具有相似的微量元素与稀土元素分布特征,指示二者来自于同一源区。乌兰复合岩体的形成与古亚洲洋的演化有关,形成于洋盆闭合后的造山晚期伸展环境。     

扬子西缘东炉房Cu-Mo矿床侵入岩年代学、地球化学特征及其成矿意义

东炉房Cu-Mo矿床位于扬子陆块西缘, 矿床发育与石英二长斑岩相关的斑岩型Mo(-Cu)矿和接触带矽卡岩型Cu矿。前人开展的研究工作主要集中在斑岩Mo矿化的成因, 但是对矽卡岩型Cu矿化的研究较为薄弱。本文基于系统整理项目组对该矿床的勘查成果, 对矽卡岩型Cu矿化有关的石英闪长玢岩开展锆石U-Pb年代学和岩石地球化学分析。结果表明, 石英闪长玢岩锆石U-Pb加权平均年龄为82 Ma, 表明其形成于晚白垩世, 与格咱弧晚白垩世W-Mo(Cu)成矿作用时代一致。石英闪长玢岩具有高硅(SiO2=60.74%~ 63.36%)、富碱(Na2O+K2O=7.03%~9.29%)特征, 属准铝质(A/CNK=0.63~0.86)、钾玄岩系列I型花岗岩。岩石具有轻、重稀土分异明显(右倾型)和典型的埃达克质岩亲和性特征, 可能为幔源岩浆注入中-基性下地壳部分熔融的产物。岩浆岩源区性质、围岩类型等条件决定了东炉房矿床的矿化分带性, 深部石英二长斑岩的钾化带内发育斑岩型Mo(-Cu)矿化, 浅部石英闪长玢岩和碳酸盐岩接触带发育矽卡岩型Cu(-Mo)矿化, 外围大理岩局部发育脉状Pb-Zn-Au-Ag矿化。矿床由深到浅、由内到外构成了Mo(-Cu)→Cu(-Mo)→Pb、Zn、Au、Ag的斑岩成矿系统。通过区域综合对比认为格咱弧晚白垩世岩浆岩及相关成矿作用向南延伸至扬子陆块西缘, 形成于碰撞后伸展环境, 且由北往南岩浆分异程度逐渐降低, 幔源岩浆贡献逐渐增多, 导致成矿作用差异明显(休瓦促W-Mo→热林Mo-W→红山、铜厂沟Mo(-Cu)→东炉房Cu(-Mo))。     

Paleomagnetism and geochronology of the Gwalior Sills,Bundelkhand craton,Northern India Block: New constraints on Greater India assembly

We present an updated paleomagnetic pole from the Gwalior Sills in the Bundelkhand craton within the Northern India Block (NIB). Geochronological results from baddeleyite grains from one of the sills yielded an age of 1719 ± 7 Ma which together with a previously published age indicates the emplacement of sills between 1712 and 1756 Ma (∼1730 Ma). The paleomagnetic pole calculated from additional sites in this study, combined with previous studies, falls at 13.5°N, 173.7°E (A95 = 3.6°, K = 98) indicating near equatorial latitudes for northern India. Limestone sampled a few meters above the contact with the sill exhibits similar directions consistent with having been baked by the sill. The pole does not resemble any younger poles from Peninsular India and receives a reliability score of R = 5. Dykes in the Singhbhum craton are slightly older (1765 Ma) and indicate low paleolatitudes for the Southern Indian Block (SIB). Although the Gwalior and Singhbhum poles data indicate low latitudes for both the NIB and SIB, they are statistically different and indicate that a rotation of at least 65° is required to bring the poles into accord. We propose that the NIB and SIB were in proximity but were separated by an ocean basin. We propose the name Gotosindhu (‘Ancient Sea’) for the body of water separating the NIB and SIB. We also review previous models for the assembly of the Columbia supercontinent during this time and critically examine the position of the NIB/SIB in those reconstructions.     

江南造山带中段地壳结构与成矿启示：基于广昌-浏阳剖面接收函数的认识

江南造山带位于华南大陆扬子块体和华夏块体之间，其深部地壳结构与变形特征记录了扬子块体与华夏块体拼合与相互作用的痕迹，且在其内部与邻区发育了丰富的多金属矿床，并形成了巨型Cu-Au-Pb-Zn-Ag多金属成矿带，是深化认识华南大陆地壳演化、岩浆作用与成矿系统的关键地域。针对华南大陆地区的地壳结构与成矿过程，国家科技重点研发计划“华南陆内成矿系统的深部过程与物质响应”项目在该区实施了一条密集宽频带地震流动探测剖面，旨在探测其深部结构与物性变化特征和深部成矿背景。本文利用其中江西广昌-湖南浏阳段长320km的宽频带地震流动台站数据开展了远震P波接收函数研究，获得了剖面辖区深部地壳结构和V_p/V_s变化特征。研究结果表明：(1)剖面Moho界面深度在29～35km之间变化，呈近穹窿状分布，平均Moho界面深度为31km左右，低于全球大陆地壳平均值，且与地形高程在整体上呈镜像相关，均衡程度较好；(2)剖面沿线地壳V_p/V_s在1.64～1.83之间呈波浪状起伏变化，平均值为1.72左右，且华夏块体略高于江南造山带...     

城巴断块震旦系陡山沱组地层对比与划分及沉积相研究

研究城巴断块震旦系陡山沱组沉积相及地层对比与划分,旨在为探讨陡山沱组黑色岩系成矿性打下基础。通过野外观测和室内综合研究,结合区域地层对比,明月剖面的第一、二段大致相当于川西观音崖组第一段的滨海相沉积,第三段大致相当于峡东剖面第二段的深水相沉积,第四段的条带状白云岩组合和川西剖面及峡东剖面基本一致。将明月地区陡山沱期的沉积相模式归结为浅海陆棚盆地—水下隆起带—次深海陆棚边缘盆地的模式,为下一步找矿指明了方向。     

扬子北缘奥陶纪—志留纪之交泥岩地球化学特征及其源区、构造背景

近年来,扬子地块北缘奥陶纪—志留纪之交沉积构造背景一直存在不同认识.本文对渝东北城口厚坪五峰组—龙马溪组砂、泥岩进行系统采样和主、微量元素测试分析,从地球化学特征角度,来探讨该时期砂、泥岩物源源区及其构造环境.地球化学特征显示,五峰组—龙马溪组砂、泥岩主量元素SiO2含量为39.57％～87.16％,多数高于北美页岩,...     

The Early–Middle Triassic Supervolcano in the Yangtze Block,South China and associated obstacles to biotic recovery

The end–Permian mass extinction was one of the major global crises spanning the entire Early Triassic or longer. Eruptions of volcanos were one of the factors that delayed the biotic recovery after this event. Supervolcano eruptions can cause catastrophic effects on global environment, climate, and life. Here we investigate the tuff layers from Early–Middle Triassic boundary in the Yangtze Block and identify a supervolcano eruption event. The zircon U–Pb ages of the section–Langdai, section–Daijiagou and section–Longmendong tuff samples are 247.1 ± 1.9 Ma, 247.6 ± 2.0 Ma and 247.7 ± 1.7 Ma, respectively. These ages mark the Olenekian–Anisian boundary. The zircon grains from the tuff layers have negative ε_Hf(t) (−15.3 to −0.8), two–stage Hf model (T_DM2) ages (1.7 to 2.2 Ga) and display high–δ¹⁸O values (mostly > 10‰). Clay minerals and quartz dominate the rock composition. The whole rock compositions show that the tuff layers were derived from magma of intermediate to felsic composition, which formed by the remelting of Paleoproterozoic materials of continental crust. The volcanic eruption site is located in the Jinshajiang–Ailaoshan–Song Ma suture zone in the southwestern margin of the Yangtze Block. A combination of the closure of the Paleo–Tethys Ocean Basin and the collision of the Indochina Block and South China contributed to the eruption, which was a supervolcano eruption under the active continental margin arc settings. We speculate that this supervolcano eruption might have contributed to the delayed biotic recovery after the end–Permian mass extinction.     

Palaeomagnetic,geochronological and geological constraints on the tectonic evolution of the Mejillones Peninsula,northern Chile

Palaeomagnetic and geochronological data from an Early Palaeozoic high grade metamorphic complex (Jorgina Formation) and Jurassic layered basic intrusion (Moreno Complex) are reported from the Mejillones Peninsula of northern Chile (23–23°30'S). ⁴⁰Ar–³⁹Ar dates from the Lower Palaeozoic Jorgina Formation and the Moreno Complex are between 170 and 158 Ma, coincident with a phase of emplacement of the north Chilean coastal batholith. This suggests that intrusion and magnetization of the Moreno Complex and the metamorphism and remagnetization of the Jorgina Formation were related to batholith emplacement. Extracted stable components of magnetization from all units (17 sites) define site-mean directions with a scattered distribution. The scatter in site-mean directions is interpreted as being due to minor, localized, non-uniform, block-fault related (normal or strike-slip, or both) rotation after 158 Ma. The palaeomagnetic and geochronological data indicate that no significant large-scale latitudinal translation of crustal blocks has taken place in this part of northern Chile since the Late Jurassic. In addition, they indicate that the uniform clockwise rotation after the mid-Cretaceous which affected the adjacent Cordillera de la Costa either did not extend into the Mejillones Peninsula or took the form of localized block-fault rotations. The restriction of palaeomagnetically defined styles of rotation to discrete areas within the north Chilean forearc indicates that forearc wide block-fault rotation models are not applicable to the Pacific margin of northern Chile.     

哈萨克斯坦S区块盐构造类型及其成因机制

哈萨克斯坦S区块构造位于滨里海盆地阿斯特拉罕—阿克纠宾斯克隆起带与中央坳陷带的东部,滨里海盆地是一个典型的含盐盆地,盆地内盐岩经历了多期的构造运动,形成了丰富多样的构造类型。盆地中部阿斯特拉罕—阿克纠宾斯克隆起带和南恩巴隆起之间的区域,是一个重要的油气聚集区。以地球物理学、地质地震模型等理论为基础,针对该区盐构造类型及其成因机制进行分析,总结与盐相关的盆地地质特征,对含盐盆地发现油气具有非常重要的意义。