The Effect of Geologic Structures on the Control of Floods in the Middle Yangtze River Valley

This paper discusses the role of geologic structures in the occurrence of floods and how to prevent flood in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River, and gives the author's suggestion that the Luoshan Qiakou be expanded and the land reclaimed from Dongting Lake be returned to the lake in compliance with the law of geology. .     

海勃湾水库用于黄河内蒙古河段防凌作用的研究

黄河内蒙古河段冰期一般在冬季封河期和春季开河期０容易出现严重凌情,造成灾害。故良好的封河形势和开河形势是避免凌灾发生的重要条件,自１９６８年刘家峡水库运用以来,黄河内下河段凌情已大有缓解。但是,由于有峡水库距黄河内下河段较远。对河道凌情变化反应不够灵敏。因此,一些年份仍有较为严重的凌灾发生。在分析黄河内蒙古河段封、开河形势特点的基础上,深入研究了海勃湾水库用于该段春季防凌调度的作用和能力,为黄河内     

Risk Assessment,Emergency Preparedness and Response to Hazards: The Case of the 1997 Red River Valley Flood,Canada

The prevention and/or mitigation offlood disasters requires continual research, numerouscapital investment decisions, and high-qualitymaintenance and modifications of flood-controlstructures. In addition, institutional and privatepreparedness is needed. The experience offlood-control in North America has shown mixedoutcomes: while flood frequency has declined duringthe last few decades, the economic losses havecontinued to rise. Recent catastrophic floods havealso been linked to major structural interventions inthe region. The flood diversions may cause harmfuleffects upon the floodplain inhabitants by influencingflood levels in areas which are not normallyflood-prone. The increasing vulnerability of thefloodplain inhabitants poses new challenges and raisesquestions concerning the existing risk assessmentmethods, institutional preparedness and responses todisaster-related public emergencies, and local-levelpublic involvement in flood mitigation efforts.In the context of the catastrophic 1997 floods of theRed River Valley, Manitoba, Canada, this researchfocuses on two aspects of flood-related emergencygovernance and management: (i) the functions andeffectiveness of control structures, and (ii) theroles, responsibilities and effectiveness oflegislative and other operational measures. The studyconcludes that the flood-loss mitigation measures,both in terms of effects of control structures andinstitutional interventions for emergency evacuation,were not fully effective for ensuring the well-beingand satisfaction of floodplain inhabitants. Althoughorganizational preparedness and mobilization to copewith the 1997 flood emergency was considerable, theirsuccess during the onset of the flood event waslimited. Lack of communication and understandingbetween institutions, a reluctance to implementup-to-date regulations, and minimal publicparticipation in the emergency decision-making processall contributed to the difficulties experienced byfloodplain inhabitants.     

长江上游国土资源,生态环境与灾害防治

长江上游干流流经青、藏、川、滇、鄂、渝6省市,支流涉及甘肃、陕西、贵州3省,流域面积为105.4×10⁴km²,人口1.55亿,占全国国土面积的11.1%。
长江上游地区经济发展相对落后,人均国民收入低,少数民族众多,与中下游经济发达地区差距很大。但上游地区蕴藏着巨大的经济开发潜能,丰富的水力和矿产等自然资源,以及农、林、牧等物产,对中下游地区经济发展有着巨大的支援作用。同时,由于自然地理上的相关性,又使上游地区的开发治理,对中下游地区的生态环境和可持续发展有着至关重要的作用。
目前,长江上游森林植被大量减少,水源涵养能力下降,水土流失加剧:泥石流、滑坡、崩塌等地质灾害严重,旱、洪灾害频发;沿江大量排放废气、废水、污水,使大气和水体严重污染。随着上游地区生态环境的日益恶化,给中下游地区带来严重危害,河道、湖泊、水库淤积加速,洪涝灾害频繁发生,造成中下游地区经济建设和人民生命财产的重大损失。因此,必须尽快对长江上游地区进行全面综合治理,尽快开展新一轮国土资源大调查,制定各种自然资源的合理开发利用和保护方案;控制沿江污染源的排放,建立大气和水体污染监测系统;运用高新技术,建立上游重点地带地壳形变的动态监测和预警系统,防治地质灾害;充分利用上游地区丰富的水力资源,兴建多级水利设施,对地表水实施人工的时空控制,消除旱、洪灾害。     

Holocene Foraminifera as Indicators of Relative Estuarine–Lagoonal and Oceanic Influences in Estuarine Sediments of the River Murray, South Australia: Volume 53, Number 3 (2000), pages 378–391

In southeastern South Australia, the River Murray debouches through a coastal barrier separating euryhaline estuarine-lagoonal waters from the Southern Ocean. Depending upon the relative freshwater outflow of the river and ingress of the ocean, water salinity varies greatly within the lower estuary. Ammonia beccarii and Elphidium articulatum are euryhaline species of foraminifera that characterize the estuary and back-barrier Coorong Lagoon. The inner-shelf marine environment hosts an assemblage in which Discorbis dimidiatus, E. crispum, E. macelliforme, and various cibicidid species predominate. In cored sediments recovered from the shallow lower estuary, the relative abundance of A. beccarii + E. articulatum was compared with that of D. dimidiatus + E. crispum + E. macelliforme + other species. These data, and AMS radiocarbon ages determined for foraminifera and ostracods, provide evidence of a change from maximum oceanic influence (5255 ± 60 yr B.P.) to maximum estuarine influence (3605 ± 70 yr B.P.). Over this same time interval, sea level fell relatively by about 2 m. However, the event was also contemporaneous with falling water levels in several Victorian lakes, and it is thus attributed to onset of climatic aridity. Reduced precipitation in the River Murray catchment and reduced freshwater outflow enhanced development of the flood-tide delta and constriction of the mouth.     

云南澜沧江以西的白垩系

云南白垩系分布在滇中、滇西和澜沧江以西三个地域，彼此之间被深断裂所，它们的地质历程、构造特征各不相同。不能将澜沧江以西勐海、潞西地区的白垩系解体归属不同地层区。澜沧江以西的白垩系，分布于冈瓦纳古陆和古特提斯造带的小型山间盆地，地层层序齐全，岩性、厚度稳定，今古生物化石。有两套岩石序列，三个沉积旋回。     

澜沧江某电站右坝肩复杂岩体质量分类

笔者通过对澜沧江某电站右岸坝肩复杂岩体的成因进行分析,采用岩体质量指数Z并结合水利水电工程围岩分级和RMR分级等岩体分类方法对电站右岸坝肩的复杂岩体进行了综合分类。     

贵州乌江渡水电站至楠木渡磷迁移转化机制分析

通过2009年3月～4月对排入乌江的废水水质监测结果进行分析,可以看出废水总磷浓度高、强度大且相当稳定,严重污染了乌江的水质.乌江总磷的主要来源是流域内磷化工企业排放的废水废渣且废水中大颗粒总磷含量高.本文通过乌江总磷的分布特征,总磷的存在形态,分析总磷在乌江的迁移转化机制.乌江总磷在迁移转化过程中主要是在水动力条件下...     

黄河中游汛期水沙联合分布模型及其应用

为在宏观上对黄河中游水沙运动的变化规律从随机过程的角度予以揭示,以黄河中游潼关水文站1952-1998年期间流量超过6 000m3/s的次洪过程中的洪峰流量和相应的沙峰含沙量系列为基础,运用Copula函数方法构建了黄河中游汛期水沙联合分布模型并对其应用进行了探讨.结果表明:在水沙丰枯同步频率中,同丰的频率略大于同枯的...     

21世纪黄河下游防洪减灾对策

黄河是受人类活动强烈影响的河流,随着人类活动对流域环境的影响日趋增强,进入黄河下游的水沙条件发生了重大改变,防洪出现了许多新情况、新问题。黄河水资源进一步开发利用,下游牵断流及小水时间逐年延长,黄河将无有效输沙水量,如果来沙不能控制,现行河道的行洪能力和寿命将始终是中国的忧患。小浪底水库２００１年投入运用后,对黄河下游又将强烈堆积。２１世纪社会经济发展对黄河下游防洪减灾提出了更高要求,根据多年对黄