地面核磁共振找水方法在花岗岩地区的应用

文章简要地阐述了地面NMR方法的直接找水原理、特点以及仪器组成、测量质量的控制。通过在花岗岩地区的找水实践，说明了该方法的可行性和优点，最后总结了影响NMR信号采集和NMR信号解释结果的因素及解决办法。并提出了几点建议及今后的研究方向。     

Fracture in Westerly Granite under AE Feedback and Constant Strain Rate Loading: Nucleation, Quasi-static Propagation, and the Transition to Unstable Fracture Propagation

New observations of fracture nucleation are presented from three triaxial compression experiments on intact samples of Westerly granite, using Acoustic Emission (AE) monitoring. By conducting the tests under different loading conditions, the fracture process is demonstrated for quasi-static fracture (under AE Feedback load), a slowly developing unstable fracture (loaded at a `slow' constant strain rate of 2.5 × 10<sup>−6</sup> /s) and an unstable fracture that develops near instantaneously (loaded at a `fast' constant strain rate of 5 × 10⁻⁵ /s). By recording a continuous ultrasonic waveform during the critical period of fracture, the entire AE catalogue can be captured and the exact time of fracture defined. Under constant strain loading, three stages are observed: (1) An initial nucleation or stable growth phase at a rate of ~ 1.3 mm/s, (2) a sudden increase to a constant or slowly accelerating propagation speed of ~ 18 mm/s, and (3) unstable, accelerating propagation. In the ~ 100 ms before rupture, the high level of AE activity (as seen on the continuous record) prevented the location of discrete AE events. A lower bound estimate of the average propagation velocity (using the time-to-rupture and the existing fracture length) suggests values of a few m/s. However from a low gain acoustic record, we infer that in the final few ms, the fracture propagation speed increased to 175 m/s. These results demonstrate similarities between fracture nucleation in intact rock and the nucleation of dynamic instabilities in stick slip experiments. It is suggested that the ability to constrain the size of an evolving fracture provides a crucial tool in further understanding the controls on fracture nucleation.     

哈尔里克山早古生代岩浆弧的初步确定——来自塔水河一带花岗质岩体锆石SHRIMP U-Pb测年的证据

哈尔里克山南坡塔水河一带花岗质岩体的锆石SHRIMPU-Pb定年结果显示:钾长花岗岩中的锆石8个测点的206Pb/238U加权平均年龄为(462±9)Ma;花岗闪长岩中的锆石8个测点的206Pb/238U加权平均年龄为(447±11)Ma;石英闪长岩中的锆石8个测点的206Pb/238U加权平均年龄为(448±7)Ma。这些年龄值是在哈尔里克古生代复合岛弧带首次获得的中—晚奥陶世中酸性侵入岩的时代,为探讨该古生代复合岛弧带的构造发展历史提供了新的资料。     

“中央造山带”早古生代缝合带及构造分区概述

“中央造山带”是夹持于中国塔里木、华北和扬子克拉通之间的近东西向延展的（局部为北东向和北西向）显生宙造山系统。该造山带中包括了库地-喀拉塔什、红柳沟-肃北-北祁连、南阿尔金-滩间山、昆中、朱阳关-夏馆和商州-丹凤6条早古生代缝合带。被缝合带所围限的前寒武纪地质构造单元包括中阿尔金-祁连-金吉地块、柴达木地块、北秦岭地块和东、西昆仑2个变质地体。南秦岭原为扬子克拉通的北部边缘，但卷入了显生宙造山带，成为中央造山带的一部分。对上述6条早古生代缝合带和6个前寒武纪地质构造单元的特点进行了概略总结，并阐述了各地质构造单元中的构造地层系统和热-构造事件的年代格架。     

平潭岛海蚀花岗岩地貌——兼述花岗岩地貌的系列研究和创新

平潭县有“千礁岛县”之称，所属的海潭为全国第五大岛，隔台湾海峡与台湾新竹相距仅68海里，是祖国大陆距台湾最近的地方。千礁岛县皆由花岗岩组成，潮涨潮落，海侵海蚀，铸就了岛上古代海蚀地貌和现代海蚀地貌，且种类齐全，典型奇特，分布广泛，集神、幽、险、趣于一体，尤其花岗岩球状风化铸成的，最突出的有国内最大的海蚀柱、天下奇观“半洋石帆”；浑身赤裸，形体逼真，比四川乐山大佛大四倍的“海坛天神”，横卧海边，头枕沙滩，腿伸大海；等等。素有花岗岩海蚀地貌“甲天下”之称。平潭已开发成国家级风景旅游区，其花岗岩海蚀地貌研究必将为中国研究花岗岩地貌增添新的内容和活力；平潭岛的区位最近台湾，优先利用双休日或节假日开展与台湾北东海岸的类同海蚀地貌进行双向互惠的观光旅游，将有无限广阔、美好前景。     

Zircon LA-ICP-MS U-Pb dating and Sr-Nd isotope study of the Guposhan granite complex, Guangxi, China

Zircon U-Pb dating by the LA-ICP-MS method was applied to determining the ages of different units of the Guposhan granite complex, among which the East Guposhan unit is 160.8±1.6 Ma, the West Guposhan unit is 165.0±1.9 Ma, and the Lisong unit is 163.0±1.3 Ma in age. Much similarity in ages of the three units has thus proved that the whole Guposhan granite complex was formed in the same period of time. They were the products of large-scale granitic magmatism through crust-remelting in the first stage of the Middle Yanshanian in South China. However, the three units have differences both in petrology and in geochemistry. Besides the differences in major, trace and rare-earth elements, they are distinct in their Rb-Sr and Sm-Nd isotopic compositions. The East Guposhan unit and Lisong unit and its enclaves have a similar (87Sr/86Sr)i value of 0.7064 with an average of εNd(t)=-3.03, indicating that more mantle material was evolved in the magma derivation; whereas the West Guposhan unit has a higher (87Sr/86Sr)i value of 0.7173 but a lower εNd(t) value of -5.00, and is characterized by strong negative Eu anomalies and higher Rb/Sr ratios, suggesting that its source materials were composed of relatively old crust components and new mantle-derived components. In addition, an inherited zircon grain in the East Guposhan unit (GP-1) yielded a 206Pb/238U age of 806.4 Ma, which is similar to the ages of the Jiulin cordierite granite in northern Jiangxi and of the Yinqiao migmatic granite in Guangxi in the HZH granite zone. All this may provide new evidence for Late Proterozoic magmatism in the HZH granite zone.     

内蒙古大青山北石兰哈达石英闪长岩构造环境讨论

内蒙古大青山北石兰哈达地区的晚古生代黑云石英闪长岩,1∶20万区域地质调查时将其置于华力西中期第二次侵入体(δο42(2)),现经岩石学、地球化学、同位素年代学研究,认为该石英闪长岩为早二叠世岩浆活动的产物。岩石具高铝、高钾、高钙的特点,A/CNK<1.1,σ在2.05～2.83之间,为高钾钙碱性岩,属I型花岗岩类,产于碰撞后的抬升构造环境。岩石稀土总量偏低,LREE富集,δEu=0.8～1.0,稀土曲线呈右倾平滑型,其物质来源很可能是源于软流圈的玄武质岩浆与元古宙地壳物质混合作用的结果。     

汕头市花岗岩残积土的工程特性及路堑边坡稳定分析

花岗岩残积土在汕头市分布广泛,具有不均匀性及各向异性、扰动性、软化特性和崩解性。在天然状态下它们具有较低的压缩性、较高的承载力和较大的抗剪强度,但遇水后力学性质显著降低。花岗岩残积土的扰动性通常导致室内试验指标失真,使压缩模量低于变形模量,因此,花岗岩残积土的变形模量和地基承载力应通过原位测试(主要是标准贯入试验)来确定,并为此建立了本区花岗岩残积土地基容许承载力与标准贯入击数的对应关系。同时对汕头市花岗岩残积土路堑边坡失稳的原因进行分析并提出切实可行的防护办法。     

芙蓉锡矿田骑田岭花岗岩黑云母矿物化学组成及其对锡成矿的指示意义

芙蓉锡矿田骑田岭复式岩体主要由早阶段角闪石黑云母花岗岩和晚阶段黑云母花岗岩组成.电子探针分析结果表明角闪石黑云母花岗岩中的黑云母属于铁黑云母,黑云母花岗岩中的黑云母属于铁叶云母.相对于黑云母花岗岩,角闪石黑云母花岗岩中黑云母的MgO、TiO2含量偏高,Al2O3含量偏低.矿物化学研究结果显示,角闪石黑云母花岗岩中黑云母的结晶温度、氧逸度(logfO2)分别为680℃～740℃、-16.00～-15.31,黑云母花岗岩中黑云母的结晶温度、氧逸度分别为530℃～650℃、-19.20～-17.50.从角闪石黑云母花岗岩到黑云母花岗岩,岩浆结晶温度和氧逸度逐渐降低.与花岗岩有关的共存流体性质的研究发现,与角闪石黑云母花岗岩共存的热液流体log(fH2O/fHF)fluid,log(fH2O/fHCl)fluid,log(fHF/fHCl)fiuid值分别为4.22～4.39,2.78～3.24,-1.82～-1.73,而与黑云母花岗岩共存的热液流体log(fH2O/fHF)fluid,log(fH2OfHCl)fluid,log(fHF/fHCl)fluid值分别为3.27～3.53,2.85～3.22,-0.75～-0.22,可见与两种岩石类型共存热液流体的性质存在明显差异,且热液中Cl、Sn含量变化与岩浆结晶分异指数呈正相关关系.骑田岭岩体从角闪石黑云母花岗岩到黑云母花岗岩,随着岩浆的演化.岩浆结晶期后分异出的热液流体向富Cl和Sn方向演化.芙蓉锡矿田的成矿流体应主要来源于黑云母花岗岩岩浆结晶期后分异出的岩浆热液.     

Evolution of the Mesozoic Granites in the Xiong''ershan-Waifangshan Region,Western Henan Province,China,and Its Tectonic Implications

Based on the new data of isotopic ages and geochemical analyses, three types of Mesozoic granites have been identified for the Xiong'ershan-Waifangshan region in western Henan Province: high-Ba-SrⅠ-type granite emplaced in the early stage (～160 Ma),Ⅰ-type granite in the middle stage (～130 Ma) and anorogenic A-type granite in the late stage (～115 Ma). Geochemical characteristics of the high-Ba-SrⅠ-type granite suggest that it may have been generated from the thickened lower crust by partial melting with primary residues of amphibole and garnet. Gradual increase of negative Eu anomaly and Sr content variations reflect progressive shallowing of the source regions of these granites from the early to late stage. New 40Ar/39Ar plateau ages of the early-stage Wuzhangshan granite (156.0±1.1 Ma, amphibole) and middle-stage Heyu granite (131.8±0.7 Ma, biotite) are indistinguishable from their SHRIMP U-Pb ages previous published, indicating a rapid uplift and erosion in this region. The representative anorogenic A-type granite, Taishanmiao pluton, was emplaced at～115 Ma. The evolution of the granites in this region reveals a tectonic regime change from post-collisional to anorogenic between～160 Ma and～115 Ma. The genesis of the early- and middle-stageⅠ-type granites could be linked to delamination of subducted lithosphere of the Qiniing orogenic belt, while the late-stage A-type granites represent the onset of extension and the end of orogenic process. In fact, along the Qiniing -Dabie-Sulu belt, the Mesozoic granitoids in western Henan, Dabieshan and Jiaodong regions are comparable on the basis of these temporal evolutionary stages and their initial 87Sr/86Sr ratios, which may suggest a similar geodynamic process related to the collision between the North China and Yangtze cratons.