Magmatic structures in the Krkonoše–Jizera Plutonic Complex,Bohemian Massif: evidence for localized multiphase flow and small-scale thermal–mechanical instabilities in a granitic magma chamber

The present paper examines magmatic structures in the Jizera and Liberec granites of the Krkonoše–Jizera Plutonic Complex, Bohemian Massif. The magmatic structures are here interpreted to preserve direct field evidence for highly localized magma flow and other processes in crystal-rich mushes, and to capture the evolution of physical processes in an ancient granitic magma chamber. We propose that after chamber-wide mixing and hybridization, as suggested by recent petrological studies, laminar magma flow became highly localized to weaker channel-like domains within the higher-strength crystal framework. Mafic schlieren formed at flow rims, and their formation presumably involved gravitational settling and velocity gradient flow sorting coupled with interstitial melt escape. Local thermal or compositional convection may have resulted in the formation of vertical schlieren tubes and ladder dikes whereas subhorizontal tubes or channels formed during flow driven by lateral gradients in magma pressure. After the cessation or deceleration of channel flow, gravity-driven processes (settling of crystals and enclaves, gravitational differentiation, development of downward dripping instabilities), accompanied by compaction, filter pressing and melt segregation, dominated in the crystal mush within the flow channels. Subsequently, magmatic folds developed in schlieren layers and the magma chamber recorded complex, late magmatic strains at high magma crystallinities. Late-stage magma pulsing into localized submagmatic cracks represents the latest events of magmatic history of the chamber prior to its final crystallization. We emphasize that the most favorable environments for the formation and preservation of magmatic structures, such as those hosted in the Jizera and Liberec granites, are slowly cooling crystal-rich mushes. Therefore, where preserved in plutons, these structures may lend strong support for a “mush model” of magmatic systems.     

含矿相从酸性熔体中分离出来的条件(英文)

热液学说不能完全解释金属从岩浆 (或岩石 )中分离和富集的自然条件。酸性岩中包体研究表明 ,存在特殊的硅酸盐熔体卤水 (silicate saltmelt brine)相 ,它在熔体结晶早期即从中分离出来 ,其中富含盐类 (质量分数可达 70 %)、金属、水、F、Cl、B等。而实验研究显示 ,原始的酸性熔体在冷却过程中分裂为硅酸盐熔体 (silicatemelt)和熔体卤水 (melt brine) ,熔体卤水还可进一步分离出更多的熔体卤水系列 (melt brines) ,它们也富含金属元素。熔体中高度富集的流体是产生这一过程非常有利的条件。     

祁漫塔格印支期铝质A型花岗岩的确定及初步研究

祁漫塔格小红山印支期钾长花岗岩的岩石化学成分为过铝质(A/NKC介于1.03～1.06之间),高硅(SiO2>76%),偏碱性(ALK=7.77%～8.22%),K2O>Na2O,FeOT/MgO比值高(9.4～21.7),CaO、MgO、TiO2和P2O5含量低(分别为<0.78%,≤0.14%,≤0.1%和≤0.02%)。岩石富Rb、Th、U、Y、Zr、Nb和Hf,贫Sr、Ba、Eu、Cr和Ni,Ga/Al比值高,明显不同于I型和S型花岗岩,显示了铝质A型花岗岩的特征,形成于造山后的伸展环境。该A型花岗岩的确定证明了祁漫塔格地区晚三叠世之前碰撞造山作用的存在,以及祁漫塔格与东昆仑造山带的亲缘性。     

我国再次发现硒铅矿

本文报道了我国再次在华南6217花岗岩型铀矿床中发现硒铅矿，测定了该矿物的化学成分，结合该铀矿床的矿物组合和成矿物理化学条件，讨论了硒铅矿的生成环境。     

Sr isotope evolution during chemical weathering of granites -- impact of relative weathering rates of minerals

The Sr isotopic systematics in the weathering profiles of biotite granite and granite porphyry in southern Jiangxi Province were investigated. The results showed that during the chemical weathering of granites, remarked fractionation occurred between Rb and Sr. During the early stages of chemical weathering of granites, the released Sr/Si and Sr/Ca ratios are larger than those of the parent rocks, and the leaching rate of Sr is higher than those of Si, Ca, K, Rb, etc. Dynamic variations in relative weathering rates of the main Sr-contributing minerals led to fluctuation with time in 87Sr/86Sr ratios of inherent and released Sr in the weathering crust of granite. Successive weathering of biotite, plagioclase and K-feldspar made 87Sr/86Sr ratios in the weathering residues show such a fluctuation trend as to decrease first, increase, and then decrease again till they maintain stable. This work further indicates that when Sr isotopes are used to trace biogeochemical processes on both the catchment and global scales, one must seriously take account of the prefer-ential release of Sr from dissolving solid phase and the fluctuation of 87Sr/86Sr ratios caused by the variations of relative weathering rates of Sr-contributing minerals.     

四川冕西稀土成矿区的地质特征及其远景探讨

笔者从区域地质条件、矿床地质特征、冕西岩体性质、稀土模式、主要稀土矿物特征以及矿石的工艺性质进行了考查,并作了区域性对比。初步认为,在冕西地区以碱长花岗体为主体,形成了面积近800km~2的稀土成矿区。霓石碱性花岗岩-构造破碎带-碱性(伟晶)岩脉是区内稀土成矿的基本要素,也是最直接的找矿标志,围绕冕西岩体出露的卫星式霓石碱性花岗岩有着不同于A型碱长花岗岩的稀土模式,是稀土成矿矿源体。不同产地的稀土矿物特征、矿石矿物组合和矿石类型均有很好的可比性,属易采易选优品级稀土矿石。在该区有必要进一步开展矿产普查工作。     

贺兰山群变质杂岩主期变质作用的温压环境研究

分布于贺兰山脉北部的贺兰山群变质杂岩的主期变质作用达角闪麻粒岩相,其矿物组合特征与低压相系麻粒岩相似、利用共生矿物组合和矿物对的温度计、压力计估算主期变质温度740—764(?),压力460—501MPa。温度压力条件与低压相系的地热梯度线较接近,变质作用强度具面型分布的特征,与东部密云、冀东等地的麻粒岩相区相似,但变质压力明显低,压力类型也不同,应属不同构造背景下的变质产物。     

姑婆山主体花岗岩中富钇钍石的发现

本文论述一种据X射线粉晶分析属钍石类矿物结构,但成分上富含高量重稀土(HRE_2O_3达11.51%),且以钇(Y_2O_3达8.69%)为主的钍石矿物。文中在阐述其产状、共生组合及物性的基础上,对其生成条件进行了初步探讨,认为该矿物的生成是两次替代作用的结果。铀在其中起了媒介作用;重稀土(特别是钇)在姑婆山主体花岗岩边部相岩石中的明显富集是其生成的物质条件。