青藏铁路设计中热棒路基的应用及其技术指标

In accordance with the application of thermal pipe in the Qinghai-Tibet Railway subgrade project and the research data made on the Qingshuihe experimental field, this paper makes an attempt to illustrate the design principles, basis and technical characteristics, puts forward the problems needing further study, and pipe the reason and tendency of the longitudinal crack in the subgrade applied with thermal pipe.     

Ground-temperature controlling effects of duct-ventilated railway embankment in permafrost regions

Based on observed data from field-testing embankment of the Qinghai-Tibet Railway, ground-temperature controlling effect of duct-ventilated embankment is studied in this paper.The results show that ventilation ducts can effectively cool the soils surrounding the ducts of the embankment, and the heat budget of the ambient soils in a year shows as heat release. Temperature status of the permafrost below the embankment with ducts buried in the relatively high position is similar to that of the common embankment. The permafrost processes warming all along in the two freezing-thawing cycles when the embankment was constructed. However, the temperature of the frozen soils below the embankment, in which the ducts buried in the relatively low position, rises a little in the initial stage. After that, it cools down gradually. At the same time,ventilation ducts can effectively reduce the thermal disturbance caused by the filled soils. The frozen soils below the common embankment and that with high-posited ducts absorb heat all along in the initial two cycles. While the soils below the embankment with low-posited ducts begin to release heat in the second cycle. This phenomenon proves that the ventilation embankment with low-posited ducts shows efficient temperature-controlling effect. Such embankment can actively cool the subgrade soils and therefore keeps the roadbed thermally stable.     

Cooling effect of ballast revetment on the roadbed of Qinghai-Tibetan Railway

The data obtained through the roadbed surface thermal regime experiment (ROBSTREX), which was carried out at Beiluhe test section of Qinghai-Tibetan Railway from October to December in 2002, were used to estimate the cooling effect of ballast revetment on the roadbed. The results show that both riprap rock ballast revetment and crushed stone ballast revetment can reduce the temperature of the roadbed. But the cooling effect of riprap rock ballast revetment is better than that of crushed stone ballast revetment when the temperature of roadbed is higher. The cooling effect of crushed stone ballast revetment is better than that of riprap rock ballast revetment when the temperature of the roadbed is lower, especially at deeper roadbed layers. In the frozen season, the heat release from the roadbed also shows that the cooling effect of ballast revetment on the roadbed is obvious, and the cooling effect of crushed stone-ballast revetment on the roadbed is much evident than that of riprap rock ballast revetment.     

多年冻土场地路基地震动位移性状研究

直接针对目前多年冻土场地道路工程抗震问题研究尚很薄弱这一事实，以在建的青藏铁路工程的抗震设计与地震加固为应用背景，基于若干种较为典型的多年冻土场地路基工况，开展多年冻土场地路基地震动位移性状的研究工作。研究表明，与不同的场地地形条件相比，场地冻土层厚度对路基地震位移响应的影响更加突出，尤其是含冻土融层路基的地震动位移值较不含冻土融层路基的地震动位移值大，因而冻土融层的存在无疑加剧了多年冻土场地路基的震害响应。     

基于GIS的铁路地质灾害信息管理与预警预报系统

地质灾害对我国铁路建设及其正常运营所带来的负面影响日益显著,利用GIS技术对铁路地质灾害进行有效的管理与控制是减少灾害损失的一条重要途径。针对铁路地质灾害信息管理中数据的标准化、可视化、信息化和网络化的发展与要求,基于GIS技术构建的铁路地质灾害信息管理与预警预报系统实现了铁路地质灾害多源海量数据的统一存储与管理,集铁路灾害信息“数据采集-查询检索-预警预报-Web发布”功能于一体,具有较好的智能化与自动化能力。本文介绍了该系统的总体架构和功能特征,并详细讨论了系统实现中的三个关键问题:铁路地质灾害多源海量数据的采集与存储;铁路地质灾害分析评价与预警预报模型与GIS技术的耦合;铁路地质灾害信息Web发布系统的设计。该系统的最终实现及运行将对我国铁路部门减灾防灾产生重要的积极作用。     

青藏铁路Ⅱ期工程西藏段西侧湖泊资源与环境

青藏铁路Ⅱ期工程西藏段西侧地理坐标为东经88°0'～91°57'23″,北纬30°11'54″～32°28'06″,面积约126875km2,有大小湖泊106个。中国地质科学院矿产资源研究所于2001年在距正在修建的青藏铁路Ⅱ期工程约300km处的班戈湖(湖面海拔4522m)建立了目前世界上海拔最高的湖泊资源与环境试验观测站,开展了一系列研究工作。研究区湖泊中有硼、锂、钾、石盐、镁、芒硝、碱、钠、铯等9种盐类资源。班戈湖型卤水提锂的小型蒸发试验表明,卤水制备需采取2阶段方式,并经使用冻出芒硝与卤水分离和“不蒸发而升温”技术,在盐田中已制取含Li2CO322.4%的混盐。这一技术对研究区锂资源开发有借鉴作用。对气象和水文也进行了观测。     

大口径旋挖钻具的研究及其应用

介绍了旋挖钻进所用的各种钻具结构特点及适用地层，包括螺旋钻具、旋挖钻斗、筒式环状钻头、扩底钻头。并介绍了这些钻具在青藏铁路等工程施工中应用所取得的良好效果。     

产业带边界划分的理论与方法：胶济沿线产业带实例分析

本文提出将企业微观分析与宏观区域研究相结合的方法进行产业带划分。在理论上剖析了产业带的概念、划分原则与指标；在微观尺度上以大中型企业和典型企业集团为主要调查研究单元，作者利用所获得的调查数据，并结合宏观区域经济特点，对胶济沿线产业带边界划分的方法与步骤作了初步尝试，并试图从新的角度为我国经济区划研究，提供一种新的方法途径，同时也期望为胶济沿线产业带整体空间组织与规划提供科学依据。     

中国和外国铁路网发展模式的比较研究

本文从宏观角度出发，开展中国与印度、美国、前苏联、德国铁路网发展模式的比较研究，对五国铁路网发展的背景条件、合理长度、路网组成、若干重要干线的建设、重大技术的推广、铁路建设的分区、资金和进度等问题进行了系统和深入的分析。在综述外国铁路网发展的有益经验和深刻教训的基础上，对我国铁路网发展提出了若干建议，为国家有关领导机构制订中长期铁路网发展规划提供重要参考意见。     

北疆铁路沿线主要城市环境质量评价

运用系统工程的思想，建立了干旱区区域环境质量综合评价指标体系，选取了城市大气、地表水、地下水、固体废弃物、绿化覆盖率等作为评价因子，提出城市环境质量影响程序的等级划分和标准体纱。用多因素模糊综合评价模型，对这个带状区域的城市环境质量作了评价，在单项因子评价的基础上，又用加权迭加法进行了总体评价，从而获得了该区域环境质量的总况，为区域开发决策提供了科学依据。