南昆铁路施工阶段遥感工程地质调查的应用

以往铁路遥感技术是用于勘测阶段，文章扼要地叙述了遥感技术在南昆铁路施工地质调查中应用的概况及效果。这是遥感技术首次用于施工的一次尝试。文中首先对沿线地形、地质概况进行介绍，然后结合施工部门的要求，开展全线陆地卫星TM图像的断裂构造判释，利用全黑白像片开展主要隧道、部分地段岩溶、八渡桥位地区等的判释，利用不同时期航片对段家河流域的泥石流沟进行动态分析。文中还列出该线部分地段地质遥感图像判释意见与施工验证结果对比一览表。从该表得知遥感判释成果绝大部分是有效的。在结论中归纳出几点认识，并提出施工阶段在特定条件下有针对性地应用遥感技术是有益的。同时指出，施工阶段应用遥感技术是有条件的，并非任何情况下均可应用遥感技术。     

倾斜布管采控天然冷量的青藏铁路路基温度场演变规律

Aiming at the stabilization of Qinghai-Tibetan Railway embankment during its construction and run, the method using tilt pipes to keep the permafrost embankment stabilization is put forward in the paper. By gathering natural cold energy in the winter and release it in the summer the tilt pipes can keep the permafrost embankment stabilizing. The temperature fields of the embankment and the stratums below are studied according to the condition of pipes diameter 250mm, length 7. 0m and tilt angle 30°,45°, 60° until the railway working for 20 years. It is shown that the embankment field using tilt pipes will eliminate the thawing core and come into subzero temperature phase ahead of 9 years compared with the original model. Different tilt angles have different efforts on the embankment and stratums, synthesis analysis of thermal income and expenses of the embankment and stratums should be carried out     

青藏铁路中碎石路基的应用和技术可行性

According to the climatic characteristics of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and in accordance with engineering practice and theory, this paper attempts to analyze the choosing principles and the technical applicability of riprap subgrade in Qinghai-Tibet Railway permafrost regions.     

铁路沙害整治及其研究方向

概述了铁路沙害状况及沿线主要自然地理特征，对３０多年来研究建立的５种铁路沙害防治体系结构模式进行了剖析，评价分析了每个防沙体系的不同结构和功能、体系的整体特征以及推广应用的主要条件；同时针对铁路安全运输生产的特点，提出了铁路沙害整治的研究方向。     

中国沙区铁路沙害防治综述

简要介绍了中国沙区铁路分布、风沙危害情况和形式；并论述了中国铁路防沙技术措施；提出了风沙地区修筑铁路应注意的技术要点。     

AUTOCAD二次开发在铁路航测制图中的应用

在铁路航测制图中,利用AUTOLISP(VLISP)表处理语言进行二次开发可以将许多繁琐、易出错的工作简单化、程序化。这样不但可减少航测制图的出错机率,而且大大提高了其作业效率。本文具体论述和研究了AutoCAD二次开发在铁路航测制图中的一些应用,并给出了相应的解决方法。     

Land cover change along the Qinghai-Tibet Highway and Railway from 1981 to 2001

Based on the NOAA AVHRR-NDVI monthly data from 1981 to 2001, the spatial distribution and dynamic change of land cover along the Qinghai-Tibet Highway and Railway were studied. The results of the analytical data indicate that the NDVI values in July, August and September are rather high during a year, and a linear trend by calculating NDVI of each pixel computed based on the average values of NDVI in July, August and September were obtained. The results are as follows: 1) Land cover of the study area by NDVI displays high at two sides of the area and low in the center, and agriculture area > alpine meadow > alpine grassland > desert grassland. 2) In the study area, the amount of pixels with high increase, slight increase, no change, slight decrease and high decrease account for 0.29%, 14.86%, 67.61%, 16.7% and 0.57% of the whole area, respectively. The increase of land cover pixels is mainly in the agriculture and alpine meadow and the decrease pixels mainly in the alpine grassland, desert grassland and hungriness. Grassland and hungriness contribute to the decrease mostly and artificial land and meadow contribute to the increase mostly. 3) In the area where human beings live, the changing trend is obvious, such as the valleys of Lhasa River and Huangshui River and area along the Yellow River; in the high altitude area with fewer people living, the changing trend is relatively low, like the area of Hoh Xil. 4) Human being’s behaviors are a key factor followed by the climate changes affecting land cover.     

青藏铁路多年冻土区涵洞基础的冻融变形特征

对青藏铁路沱沱河试验段两座拼装式涵洞进行了地基地温及冻融变形监测，分析了涵洞多年冻土上限处的地温变化及地基的冻融变形特征。结果表明：涵洞地基的变形随地温的年波动变化。可分为冻胀和融沉两部分。冻胀变形小于下沉变形，涵洞基础的变形整体上表现为渐减沉降的特征；铁路路基及涵洞的修建改变了多年冻土原来的水热平衡，使涵洞多年冻土上限处地温产生正温波动，冻土上限产生变化。导致了涵洞地基土体沿涵洞纵向的不均匀变形。     

滇藏铁路丽江玉峰寺隧道围岩岩爆刚度判据

从最小能量原理出发,探讨隧道围岩岩爆的刚度判据问题,并应用于滇藏铁路玉峰寺隧道工程。在滇藏铁路玉峰寺隧道代表性围岩岩样全应力应变刚压实验分析的基础上,结合地应力测量资料和数值模拟,分析玉峰寺隧道3种岩性不同围压条件下的变形破坏过程,得到隧道塑性破坏岩体和弹性岩体的刚度曲线,利用刚度判据,分析评价玉峰寺隧道3类岩体发生岩爆的危险性,玄武岩岩爆烈度最高,灰岩次之,砂岩最低,为隧道工程设计提供了参考依据。     

滇藏公路类乌齐-俄洛桥段地质灾害危险性评估及分区

滇藏公路类乌齐-俄洛桥段地质灾害发生频繁,长期以来一直严重影响了该段公路的正常通行。经实地调查研究发现,沿线存在崩塌、滑坡和泥石流等7类地质灾害,共有各类灾害点48处。为使该段公路改建工程的顺利进行,减少地质灾害对改建后公路的危害,文章结合地质环境条件和灾害特征等对全段地质灾害进行了危险性现状评估和预测评估,运用灾损率法和风险性区划法将评估区划分为7个区,并对这7个区进行了地质灾害危险性综合评估、建设场地适宜性和防治工程重要性分级。经综合评估发现,地质灾害危险性大的地区主要分布在地质条件差的高山峡谷地带,危险性小的地区主要分布在地质条件好的宽谷和山岭地带。最后提出了目前青藏高原地区公路地质灾害危险性评估中存在的问题。