Ms 8.7印尼地震面波在云南产生的远场动态即刻触发特征

通过云南区域数字测震台网对2004年12月26日Ms 8.7印尼大震的波形记录，着重考查了大地震面波在到达云南26个台站后的1小时传播过程中对云南及周边地区产生的远场动态触发效应，发现在面波作用的短短1小时内，云南的西部地区有明显的地震即刻触发现象，并对这些现象的特征及其相关因素进行了讨论.     

纵向岭谷作用下云南热量的时空特征

应用主分量分析(PCA)、统计分析及非整波求功率谱方法对云南省125站1971-2003年主要热量指标的时空特征及成因进行分析.结果表明:(1)纵向岭谷地形的"阻隔-通道"作用,使云南温度的纬向分布规律被破坏,经向分布规律比较明显,空间分布极不均匀;(2)纵向岭谷作用下云南热量地域分布差异显著,南部热量丰富,北部欠缺,西部比东部丰富,河谷地区热量最丰富,滇西北及山区热量最贫乏;(3)6、7月热量最丰沛,1月最为贫乏,春季热量好于秋季;(4)近30 a云南年平均气温有明显的上升趋势,存在明显的7 a、11 a、18 a周期振荡;(5)云南年平均气温具有大范围位相一致的变化趋势及东部冷(暖)与西部暖(冷)的变化类型.     

Lake sediment records on climate change and human activities since the Holocene in Erhai catchment,Yunnan Province,China

Climate of Yunnan Plateau is mainly controlledby the system of southwest Asian monsoon, and alsoaffected by westerlies and local climate of the Qing-hai-Tibet Plateau. Since the Cenozoic, a large numberof structural lake basins have formed with the uplift ofthe Qinghai-Tibet Plateau[1]. As the information aboutthe climate and environment change was faithfullydocumented in lake sediments, which have the char-acteristics of continuity, high resolution, abundant in-formation, lake sediments p…     

Palynological assemblages of non-marine rocks at the Permian–Triassic boundary, western Guizhou and eastern Yunnan, South China

Marine and non-marine facies of the Permian–Triassic boundary stratigraphic set (PTBST) are well developed in South China. Palynological assemblages enable subdivision and correlation of the Permian–Triassic boundary (PTB) rocks. Three palynological assemblages are recognized across the PTBST in two terrestrial PTB sections in western Guizhou and eastern Yunnan, South China. Assemblage 1 (Xuanwei Formation) is a Late Permian palynological assemblage dominated by ferns and pteridosperms, with minor gymnosperms. Most taxa are typical long-ranging Paleozoic forms, but the appearance of Lueckisporites confirms a Late Permian age for this assemblage. Assemblage 2 (PTBST) is marked by an abrupt decrease in palynomorph abundance and diversity, and thriving fungal/algal(?) spores. Assemblage 2 is still dominated by ferns and pteridosperms, with a few gymnosperms, but is characterized by a mixed palynoflora containing both Late Permian and Early Triassic elements. Most taxa are typical Late Permian ones also found in Assemblage 1, however, some taxa of Early Triassic aspect, e.g. Lundbladispora and Taeniaesporites, appeared for the first time. In Assemblage 3 (top Xuanwei Formation and Kayitou Formation), the proportion of gymnosperm pollen increases rapidly, exceeding that of ferns and pteridosperms, but the abundance of palynomorphs is still low. Typical Early Triassic taxa (such as Lundbladispora, Aratrisporites and Taeniaesporites) are present in greater abundance and confirms an Early Triassic age for this assemblage.     

Water quality and sediment geochemistry in lakes of Yunnan Province, southern China

 Yungui Plateau lakes in southwestern China are economically important, although few have been studied previously. Water and sediments of 24 lakes throughout Yunnan Province were sampled in October 1994. We describe the chemical and physical characteristics of Yunnan lakes, and address effects of regional geology and human influences on water quality and sediment type. Water quality differs between deep Yunnan lakes of tectonic origin and shallow solution basins. Shallow lakes generally have higher nutrient concentrations and appear to be more susceptible to riparian disturbance than deeper lakes. Shallow lakes with high macrophyte standing crops, nevertheless, exhibit nutrient-poor waters. Principal ions Ca²⁺, Mg²⁺, and HCO₃ ^– reflect regional carbonate geology, except in Cheng Hai, which is a sodium bicarbonate lake. Specific conductance and δ¹⁸O are positively correlated, indicating that evaporation concentrates both solutes and ¹⁸O. Large, shallow lakes in southeastern Yunnan exhibit ¹⁸O-enriched waters because of substantial evaporation, whereas small, deep lakes are ¹⁸O-depleted. Lake waters are ¹⁸O-depleted in small, shallow basins that receive substantial rainwater input relative to their small volumes. ¹⁸O enrichment in Cheng Hai suggests that a recent 5-m water-level decline in this lake was caused by increased evaporation or diversion of freshwater inflow. Yunnan watersheds have undergone substantial deforestation, agricultural cultivation, soil erosion, and industrialization. Limnetic nutrient concentrations indicate that human activities have affected water quality. Organic matter content is low in sediments because of increased non-carbonate, clastic sediment yield from watersheds. Environmental policies are needed to balance ecological contraints with economic activities that impact water quality. Received: 1 July 1996 / Accepted: 2 October 1996     

滇西北“大河流域”区贫困类型及脱贫研究

滇西北“大河流域”区位于著名的横断山“纵谷”区的核心地带,咪金沙江－长江、澜抢江－湄公河、怒江－萨尔温江和独龙江－伊洛瓦底江的上游区,是世纪上生物性和民族文化多样性及丰富的地区之一。同时,由于长期封闭、自然条件恶劣等因素综合作用,造成区内贫困问题突出。为推动区域经济发展、脱贫致富,实现可持续发展,在对区内贫困人口生产、生活现状的分析和实地抽样调查的基础上,通过对贫困人口的粮食收入、现金收贫困型、粮食或耕地贫困型、能源缺乏贫困型、水资源利用缺乏贫困和失去生存条件贫困型5大类型。扶贫工作中,可抓住各贫困类型的主要问题,实施重点扶持,实现脱贫目标。     

宁蒗6.2级地震前地下水动态异常与跟踪预测

根据云南省地下水动态网显示的中期、中短期、短期和临震地下水位异常,对１９９８年１１月１９日宁蒗６．２级地震进行了成功预测。自１９９６年丽江７．０级地震后,震前的异常仍然存在,省内一直缺５．０～６．０级地震。中期异常显示１～３年省内将有强震发生,西部地区特别是滇西北东条带的北端为重点危险区,地下水动态中矩期异常分３个阶段,分布面广,异常井孔最密集的地区是大理－丽江－中甸,且明显地向宁蒗地区收缩;短期     

兰坪—思茅盆地砂页岩中脉状铜矿床的特征及成因

兰坪－思茅中新生代盆地中的铜矿床,主要产于由砂岩、粉砂岩和页岩组成的含盐结色碎屑岩建造中,故一些研究者将其与典型的陆相砂页型铜矿床相类比。但就铜矿化的产出形式、元素的矿物组合、矿石稀土配分特征以及同位素组成特点等而言,均与典型砂页岩型铜矿床存在显著差异,而与一些地热区的矿化作用相似。说明研究区砂矾岩中的铜矿床具有特殊的成矿机理。     

云南兰坪富锶文石的振动光谱特征

为进一步研究富锶文石的晶体结构、颜色成因和矿物成因，采用振动光谱、EMPA和SEM对富锶文石进行了测试和分析。红外光谱、拉曼光谱测试分析表明，由于富锶文石存在着锶与钙的类质同像现象，其红外光谱和拉曼光谱中CO3^2-的v1、v2、v3、v4种振动模式波数介于文石和碳酸锶矿之间，与文石、碳酸锶矿等文石型碳酸盐振动光谱特征一致，并且文石的v4存在分裂峰。EMPA面扫描发现Ca^2 、Sr^2 的分布与富锶文石内部环带的分布存在一致性。由于CuO含量较少，分布规律不明显。SEM分析发现在环带之间存在空隙，各环带中富锶文石结晶程度和晶体表面特征不一，不同颜色和形态的环带反复生长。生长过程中，流体成分中各种元素的含量、温度和压力的变化造成不同颜色环带的形成，反映了该富锶文石是经过不同时期沉积形成的。     

云南金顶矿床矿体三维模型的建立及其研究意义

利用澳大利亚Surpac公司的三维立体制作软件将“金顶铅锌矿详细勘探地质报告”中的318个钻孔、14多万个数据和49张勘探线剖面图等资料,首次做出了可从任意角度观察的金顶矿床矿体三维空间实体模型.铅锌矿体展示了穹隆状分布特征,（硬）石膏、天青石矿体在空间上展现了残余盐丘的某些特点,为盐丘破坏、油气逃逸形成超大型铅锌矿的模式提供了佐证.文章初步讨论了砂岩型矿体和灰岩角砾岩型矿体的关系.