基于BOTDR的白泥井3号隧道拱圈变形监测

白泥井3号隧道是一条山岭隧道,隧道出口段位于滑坡等地质灾害多发的危险区域,为了确保隧道安全,应用国际上先进的BOTDR分布式应变测量技术,对隧道拱圈截面变形进行了分布式应变监测。本文着重介绍了BOTDR在隧道内安装布设以及监测数据的分析过程,监测成果显示,在将近1 a的监测时间里,隧道拱圈基本保持稳定,只是在个别区域,如K84+508.2处拱圈截面的衬砌表面发生张拉变形,变形量在雨季期间达到最大,据分析是由于雨水入渗山体造成围岩压力增大,致使拱圈截面受挤压变形。     

Numerical study of the performance of tunnel plugs

High axial flow rates within and along tunnels, excavated for deposition of high level nuclear waste, may increase the transport capacity of potential escape routes for radionuclides that have been released to the buffer surrounding the waste canisters, or to the tunnel backfill materials, from leaking fuel canisters. High flow rates may be found if the tunnel interior has a high permeability, either initially due to the composition of the backfill material or at later times due to degradation of low permeability backfill material components. If a disturbed rock zone, a DRZ, of increased permeability was created as a result of direct damage done to the wall region during tunnel excavation, this zone may contain additional possible escape routes. Low-permeability tunnel plugs, keyed into slots cut in the rock walls, have been suggested as means of reducing axial flow rates. This paper deals with different aspects of such tunnel-plug systems. A preliminary estimate of the potential for tunnel plugs to reduce axial flow rates is made using analytical expressions. A number of numerical techniques are employed to investigate the hydraulic, mechanical and hydromechanical performance. These include μFLOW (FEM flow calculations), FLAC (finite difference mechanical calculations) and 3DEC (distinct element mechanical calculations). The mechanical calculations concern the mechanical stability in the rock surrounding the slot and permeability changes in that rock caused by stress redistribution. The results show that the effects of tunnel plugs are very significant in most cases. A discussion on the validity of the results and the applicability of the used methods is provided.     

岩溶隧道中地下水侵蚀性的化学热力学分析与评价

本文从地下水的多组分角度出发,采用化学热力学方法对地下水中碳酸盐岩的侵蚀性作出了分析。以渝怀线圆梁山隧道为实例,通过隧道内地下水取样进行了全分析,其中CO2-3离子作为"中间过渡态"离子,由于只存在微小量未被检出;使用水质分析结果数据设计了五个化学反应方程式,通过活度、反应平衡常数及吉布斯自由能之间关系进行热力与反应进行两个方向化学反应判据开展分析,结果表明地下水具有弱侵蚀性,在隧学计算,依据二氧化碳气体分压PCO2道工程中应避免其引起危害。本文在方法上为地下水侵蚀性评价作了有益的探索,并对工程实践具有一定指导意义。     

TSP超前地质预报在圆梁山隧道施工中的应用

介绍了TSP超前地质预报系统的技术特点和基本测量原理，结合渝（重庆）怀（化）线圆梁山隧道的实例，将TSP系统和超前地质钻孔预报结果进行对比，显示了该系统的实用性。     

滑坡地段隧道变形机理的模型试验研究

通过室内地质力学模型试验,研究了滑坡地段坡体变形与隧道的相互作用机理、围岩和衬砌压力的变化规律以及坡体和隧道的变形特征,着重研究了滑带土浸水软化及发生蠕变时坡体变形与隧道的相互作用关系。本文的成果可为该类病害的预测预报和有效整治提供科学依据。     

The deformation evaluation of Kızlaç T3A Tunnel (Osmaniye, Turkey)

This study covers the graphical analysis of deformation values measured in the Kızlaç T3A tunnel (Osmaniye, Turkey), which was built as a part of the Tarsus–Adana–Gaziantep Motorway Project. Excavation was performed through a sequence which was composed of sandstone–shale alternation, sandstone and dolerite dyke. Horizontal, longitudinal and settlement deformation values were optically read and recorded daily on a computer. These data were evaluated according to New Austrian Tunneling Method. Total deformation measurement, risky area determination and forecast of transitions between weak and stiff rock, stiff and weak rock were assessed as a result of deformation evaluation for tunnel stability, safety and economy.

The largest resultant deformation value (13 mm) was measured in the sandstone–shale alternation between chainage 500 and 550 m, which was highly weathered by groundwater and affected by local tectonic disturbance. The smallest deformation value was observed in a stiff dolerite dyke between 370 and 430 m, where at times the deformation values decreased to zero. In the sandstone, small resultant deformation values (2–4 mm) were also recorded. The 500–550-m interval of tunnel alignment had the highest risk for tunnel instability in the studied section but the deformation values (maximum 13 mm) were within the tolerable deformation range (10 cm). Small negative longitudinal deformation values decreasing between chainage 320 and 370 m and small positive longitudinal deformation values decreasing between 420 and 480 m indicate the sandstone–shale alternation (weak rock) and the dyke (stiff rock) and sandstone (stiff rock), and the sandstone–shale alternation with a fault gauge zone (weak rock), respectively. These longitudinal deformations needed probable to predict the lithological transitions ahead of the face, which in timely were used to determination of the tunnel support system.     

云南省元-磨公路大风垭口隧道施工地质灾害分析

大风垭口隧道是云南省正在建设的元—磨高速公路控制性工程，也是云南省在建的最长公路隧道。该隧道施工过程中出现的地质灾害类型主要有涌水、崩塌、洞口滑坡、岩溶、突泥等，对施工造成了很大的影响，影响了施工进度，增加了工程投资，并对工程的稳定性有潜在的威胁。这些地质灾害的发生与地层岩性、岩体结构、地质构造、水文及人为因素有关。塌方主要发生在碳质板岩中，涌水在各种岩石中均有发生。相对挤压带和松弛带以近等间距相间出现是大风垭口隧道围岩地质构造的一个显著特征，而施工中的地质灾害主要出现在构造松弛带中。隧道开挖的实际地质情况与工程地质勘探成果有较大的出入则是灾害发生的人为因素。     

Support of unstable wedges along the Platamon railway tunnel under construction, in northern Greece

In this paper, support measures obtained with the RMR classification method were used for estimating the support capacity of wedges found in relatively shallow tunnels. This was done for the Platamon railway tunnel, in northern Greece, which is at present, under construction. According to our investigation, the safety factors, which were calculated using the above mentioned support measures, were much higher than the theoretically needed safety factor. In cases where the height of the wedges is much greater than their base and the rockmass quality is very poor, the proposed RMR support measures could be introduced. In these cases, additional techniques, which include steel ribs and shotcrete (together with rock bolts), could be used.     

电站输水隧洞破裂渗水事故工程地质分析

输水隧洞破裂渗水事故，近年来在水利水电工程中屡有发生，多数与其所处的场地岩土工程地质条件有关，正确认定破裂原因，全面评估工程地质条件，对今后预防和治理该类事故，提高工程质量很的裨益。     

我国隧道地质超前预报技术述评

隧道地质超前预报在隧道施工开挖中起着关键性作用,同时也是工程地球物理界所面临的一大技术难题.本文回顾了我国主要隧道地质超前预报技术（隧道地震预报系统、水平声波剖面法、陆地声纳法、地质雷达法、红外探水法、超前钻探法和超前平导法）的历史,介绍了它们近年来的研究进展;分析了其现状及在几何结构成像、物性结构反演成像和复杂地质体结构探测中存在的不足;指出了当前亟待解决的基础理论研究、正反演研究、多参数综合利用、建立三维可视化的预测预警系统等问题并提出了解决这些问题的基本设想.