基于BOTDR的隧道应变监测研究

布里渊散射光时域反射计 (BOTDR)是近年来才研发成功的分布式应变测量技术。本文首先介绍了BOTDR的优点和测量原理 ,以某隧道的BOTDR应用实例 ,论证了这一技术应用于岩土工程等结构物分布式应变监测的可行性和优势 ,最后就这一技术在应用中的一些关键技术 ,如空间分辨率、光纤布设工艺、健康监测与损伤诊断等作了阐述     

坑道直流电阻率测深异常研究

电阻率测深数据可利用抗道的四个面和四个角得到。但由于受到坑道本身和体积效应影响,坑道内电阻率测深资料解释的困难很大。本文用有限单元法对坑道内的直流电阻率测深进行数值模拟计算。首先给出坑道中正常电位的取值,并利用有限单元异常电位计算法对坑道内电阻率测深进行正演计算。结果表明,在异常体断面尺寸、埋深及所用电极距与坑道截面尺寸相差不大时,坑道面上的测深断面反映的基本是本坑道面外侧地质体的信息,对其他位置的地质体没有明显反映,坑道角断面则反映的是相邻两个坑道面外侧地质体的综合信息。     

破碎围岩洞口段隧道塌方防灾

通过对马鞍山隧道塌方地质调查,结合地表变形监测和地质雷达超前预报结果,分析了产生塌方的原因,总结了相似工程地质条件下,防治塌方事故发生的措施和对策,作为其他隧道施工的指导。     

基于BOTDR的白泥井3号隧道拱圈变形监测

白泥井3号隧道是一条山岭隧道,隧道出口段位于滑坡等地质灾害多发的危险区域,为了确保隧道安全,应用国际上先进的BOTDR分布式应变测量技术,对隧道拱圈截面变形进行了分布式应变监测。本文着重介绍了BOTDR在隧道内安装布设以及监测数据的分析过程,监测成果显示,在将近1 a的监测时间里,隧道拱圈基本保持稳定,只是在个别区域,如K84+508.2处拱圈截面的衬砌表面发生张拉变形,变形量在雨季期间达到最大,据分析是由于雨水入渗山体造成围岩压力增大,致使拱圈截面受挤压变形。     

水电工程长隧洞开挖造价问题的探讨

由于水电工程长隧洞受地质条件影响受勘测条件和勘探手段的限制以及施工难度大,变化因素多等原因其开挖造价问题较复杂。因此,在水电工程长隧洞开挖定额项目中应考虑短循环进尺因素,增加按围岩分类的补充调整系数,考虑长隧洞开挖艰难因素,补充洞长增加系数     

Predicting the capability-polar-plots for dynamic positioning systems for offshore platforms using artificial neural networks

As the capability of polar plots becomes better understood, improved dynamic positioning (DP) systems are possible as the control algorithms greatly depend on the accuracy of the aerodynamic and hydrodynamic models. The measurements and estimation of the environmental disturbances have an important role in the optimal design and selection of a DP system for offshore platforms. The main objective of this work is to present a new method of predicting the Capability-Polar-Plots for offshore platforms using the combination of the artificial neural networks (NNs) and the capability polar plots program (CPPP). The estimated results from a case study for a scientific drilling vessel are presented. A trained artificial NN is designed in this work and is able to predict the maximum wind speed at which the DP thrusters are able to maintain the offshore platform in a station-keeping mode in the field site. This prediction for the maximum wind speed will be a helpful tool for DP operators in managing station-keeping for offshore platforms in an emergency situation where the automation of the DP systems is disabled. It is obvious from the obtained results that the developed technique has potential for the estimation of the capability-polar-plots for offshore platforms. This tool would be suitable for DP operators to predict the maximum wind speed and direction in a very short period of time.     

Groundwater chemistry within a plateau neighboring Matsumoto city,Japan

The change in groundwater chemistry along the groundwater flow path in the Matsumoto tunnel vicinity was studied, and the origin of the groundwater and dissoluted substances was determined. The relationship between the concentration of HCO₃ ^–, Ca²⁺, and Na⁺, and CO₂ gas pressure in the groundwater indicated that the HCO₃ ^–, Ca²⁺, and Na⁺ were produced by the reaction of the CO₂ gas in the groundwater and feldspar in the rocks. The relationship between the concentration of NO₃ ^– and the Eh and pH values in the groundwater indicated that in an oxidative condition, ammonia-oxidizing and nitriteoxidizing bacteria used NH₄ ⁺ and produced NO₃ ^– and H⁺, and in a reductive condition, denitrifying bacteria used NO₃ ^– and produced N₂ gas and OH^–. The stable hydrogen and oxygen isotopic ratio in the groundwater and precipitation indicated that the groundwater originated from precipitation that had fallen on the area. The concentration of³H and the stable hydrogen and oxygen isotopic ratios in the groundwater suggested that it has been getting warmer climatically for more than 60 years. The stable carbon isotopic ratio indicated that the HCO₃ ^– in the groundwater, excluding deep well water, originated from CO₂ gas produced by organic matter in the soil. The deep well water, which had a higher concentration of HCO₃ ^– than the other groundwater sampled, was thought to have acquired HCO₃ ^– though contact with rocks. The³⁶Cl/Cl ratio indicated the recharge age of the deep well water sampled at a depth of 760 m at the foot of the plateau was recent.     

地铁隧道盾构掘进导向系统的建立

介绍影响盾构隧道导向的因素。详细阐述地铁隧道盾构施工导向系统数学模型的建立过程,介绍盾构机姿态参数测定的方法,以及影响盾构机姿态参数的因素及其相关改正。在深圳地铁盾构工程的实际应用中,实现隧道的顺利贯通,保证隧道的掘进质量,隧道的贯通精度达到了优良工程的要求。     

轨道交通工程联系测量方法的应用

结合北京城市轨道交通建设中测量的实际经验,通过对联系测量应用实例的介绍和隧道贯通测量数据的统计,对影响隧道工程安全贯通的重要环节一联系测量的方法和手段进行了总结,供测量工作者参考。     

昆仑山隧道冻胀力现场测试及其数据分析

冻胀力是冻土隧道支护结构产生病害的主要原因之一,为掌握多年冻土区昆仑山隧道冻胀力的分布形态以及随温度变化的规律,进行了现场测试研究。研究结果表明,到目前为止昆仑山隧道整个支护结构是安全可靠的;冻胀力随着气温、季节的变化而变化,2004年后其变化基本趋于稳定,实测到的冻胀力最大值为0.3 MPa,分布于围岩与初期支护之间仰拱部位;初期支护与二次衬砌之间的冻胀力很小,二次衬砌支护强度可考虑适当减弱;运用影响线理论绘制出了冻胀力包络图,其为确定作用于支护结构上的最不利荷载提供了一种合理有效的方法。