榆林地区土地退化机制和调控

Yulin district is located in the transitional zone between Mu Us Desert and Loess Plateau of northern Shaanxi Province,thus it is particularly vulnerable to degradation due to its fragile ecosystem and intense human activites there,The purpose of hias study is to explore the mechanism,process and driving force of land degradation in area with vulnerable eco-environment within the context of increasing population and intensifying human economic activities,and then find out the patterns and countermeasures of how to control them using the economic and technological ways,In detail ,this study includes three main sections:the first section analyzes the mechanism,causes and characteristics of land degradation,which can be achieved by the typical field investigations and systematical analysis within the regional natural,social and econmomic context.Based on the technologies of remote sensing and GIS ,and combined with the modeling methods,the second section reveals the change characteristics of land use and its driving force from 1990 to 2000; AS to the third section ,feasible countermeasures of how to prevent the degradation and rehabilitate the regional ecology are propsed ,which are studed from the perspective of harmony between nature and economy,and the conception of regional sustainable development.     

气候变化对山东省潘庄灌区冬小麦生长的影响(英文)

Global climate change has significant impacts on agricultural production.Future climate change will bring important influences to the food security.The CERES-Wheat model was used to simulate the winter wheat growing process and production in Panzhuang Irrigation District(PID) during 2011-2040 under B2 climate scenario based on the Special Report on Emissions Scenarios(SRES) assumptions with the result of RCMs(Regional Climate Models) projections by PRECIS(Providing Regional Climates for Impacts Studies) system introduced to China from the Hadley Centre for Climate Prediction and Research.The CERES-Wheat model was calibrated and validated with independent field-measured growth data in 2002-2003 and 2007-2008 growing season under current climatic conditions at Yucheng Comprehensive Experimental Station(YCES),Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS).The results show that a significant impact of climate change on crop growth and yield was noted in the PID study area.Average temperature at Yucheng Station rose by 0.86℃ for 1961-2008 in general.Under the B2 climate scenario,average temperature rose by 0.55℃ for 2011-2040 compared with the baseline period(1998-2008),which drastically shortened the growth period of winter-wheat.However,as the temperature keep increasing after 2030,the top-weight and yield of the winter wheat will turn to decrease.The simulated evapotranspiration shows an increasing trend,although it is not very significant,during 2011-2040.Water use efficiency will increase during 2011-2031,but decrease during 2031-2040.The results indicate that climate change enhances agricultural production in the short-term,whereas continuous increase in temperature limits crop production in the long-term.     

铧尖金矿区牛心山矿段地质特征及找矿方向

铧尖金矿牛心山矿段，金矿化(体)分为蚀变岩型和石英脉型两种。前者以黄铁绢英岩化为主，产于牛心山复式侵入体的内接触带，空间上形成一个近于闭合的含矿带；后者产于岩体之外的变质岩中，空间上矿脉间及矿脉内矿化(体)间沿走向、倾向具50m或其倍数的等距性。外围工作首选马尾沟矿段老成岭一带。     

基于土地利用现状数据库的土地利用遥感分类本底数据库建设——以山东省泰安市泰山区为例

遥感分类本底数据库和土地利用现状数据库在地类判别标准、精度要求、数据格式和原始底图等方面存在诸多一致性。基于土地利用现状数据库进行遥感分类本底库的建设,大大减少了数据矢量化和外业调查的工作量。由于大部分工作都可以通过计算机来完成,因此作业时间和人力物力投入相应减少,同时确保了遥感分类本底数据库的精度。     

贵州省西秀区耕地土壤硒元素地球化学特征及成因分析

针对多阅读器竞争共享介质和覆盖区域重叠造成射频信号干扰和碰撞的问题,依据阅读器在识别范围内受干扰的程度,将其设定为稀疏或稠密阅读器,给出双层规划阅读器避碰模型,并提出相应的双层规划混合智能优化算法。将鱼群算法的拥挤度和追尾行为引入免疫优化算法中,增强群体的局部勘探能力,获得免疫鱼群优化算法;进而,将此算法作为算子模块嵌入到遗传算法中,得到求解此避碰模型的混合智能优化算法。比较性的数值实验显示,该算法的搜索效果稳定且具有明显优势。     

合肥市滨湖新区全新世沉积物粒度特征及其古环境意义

对合肥市滨湖新区大量第四纪钻孔作了地层描述、粒度分析,对代表性钻孔ZK1303采集的样品平均粒径、分选系数、偏度及峰度进行了统计分析,并绘制出样品的频率曲线和概率累积曲线,以及据地层描述绘制出岩性基本层序图,据此探讨了该沉积区全新世以来的沉积环境。结果表明,此钻孔全新世地层自下而上至少存在3个大的沉积旋回,各沉积旋回底层基本以含砾砂土为主,向上变为细砂、粉砂、砂质粉土、粉质粘土、粘土;3个大的沉积旋回中又至少发育了11个次级正向粒序沉积旋回。综合各统计参数在垂向上的分布特征、频率曲线、概率累积曲线特征和研究区地理位置特征,初步判定5、1072．21号样品对应的地层为河床滞留沉积;初步判定该区全新世以来至少经历11次湖泊进退更替,其中有3次巨大的湖退;对应于每个沉积旋回,沉积环境有各沉积旋回底层河流相向上过渡到河湖相沉积。     

右江中生代极低级变质带的变质变形过程

右江中生代三叠系槽盆相浊流沉积岩系遭受了区域强烈变形和极低级变质作用，伊利石结晶度指数为０．３３１°～０．２６５°△２θ，属于浅层或近变质带；在野外和光学显微镜观察基础上，运用Ｘ射线衍射、透射电镜及电子探针等现代测试技术，对绿泥石－白云母堆垛集合体、细粒基质层状硅酸盐矿物的化学成分及结构进行了详细研究，指出绿泥石－白云母堆垛的碎屑成因及母矿物的变质过程；强调右江中生代极低级变质带具有板内造山带的构造变形特征     

白银地区细碧-石英角斑岩系成因

白银地区的细碧—石英角斑岩系,形成于岛弧或弧后盆地的板块构造环境。该构造环境具有形成拉斑玄武质岩浆的条件和存在钠质源区。细碧—石英角斑岩系的钠交代,发生在岩浆房上部,岩浆上升过程和海底环境。因而,该区细碧—石英角斑岩系既具有类似原生岩浆的结构特点,亦有很明显的碱质交代作用特征。其成因应归属次生交代成因。     

华北克拉通南缘小秦岭金矿区基性脉岩时代及地质意义

产于太古代-古元古代变质地体中的石英脉型金矿是世界上最重要的金矿类型之一, 大多数金矿区内基性脉岩非常发育, 空间上与含金石英脉密切相关.但目前对基性脉岩与石英脉型金矿的成因联系尚未取得一致认识.以华北克拉通南缘小秦岭金矿区为例, 对典型矿区(东闯、大湖、枪马)采矿巷道内的基性脉岩开展精确的U-Pb年代学研究.4个脉岩样品给出一致的锆石207Pb/206Pb加权平均年龄(1 819±10 Ma, 1σ); 1个样品中的黑云母给出了略微年轻的40Ar/39Ar坪年龄(1 719.0±21.0 Ma, 2σ).定年结果表明: (1)小秦岭金矿区内大量基性脉岩形成于古元古代晚期, 是华北克拉通东西块体在1.85 Ga左右发生碰撞后伸展作用的产物; (2)前人获得的基性脉岩K-Ar和Rb-Sr年龄(187.6~75.9 Ma)可能并非脉岩真实侵位年龄, 而是代表这些脉岩遭受中生代构造-热事件影响的扰动年龄(或冷却年龄).最新的成矿年代学研究结果表明, 小秦岭地区绝大多数金矿床形成于早白垩世130~120 Ma, 大大晚于上述古元古代基性脉岩的侵位时代, 因此两者之间没有成因联系(尽管它们的空间关系十分密切).小秦岭地区是否存在与金矿床同时的晚中生代基性岩浆活动, 对于讨论本区金矿床的矿床成因和成矿构造环境非常重要, 但本文工作尚不能明确回答这一问题, 今后需要对矿区内各期基性脉岩进行系统的同位素定年.      

基于重磁反演的三维岩性填图试验——以安徽庐枞矿集区为例

开展大型矿集区深部精细结构探测研究,通过岩性识别与填图实现矿集区5km以内"透明化",发现深部矿产、揭示成矿规律是实现资源可持续发展的主要途径。鉴于重力和磁力数据覆盖面积广、采样密度高,重磁三维反演算法比较成熟,采用重磁反演进行岩性填图是现阶段实现三维岩性填图最有可能的途径。本文以安徽庐枞矿集区为例,提出了基于重力、磁力三维反演的岩性填图流程并开展了填图试验。在分析岩性和密度、磁化率关系的基础上,采用高精度的重力和航磁数据,进行先验信息约束的重磁三维反演,对反演所得的密度体和磁化率体进行逻辑拓扑运算,获得了庐枞矿集区地下5km以内五类主要岩性的三维分布。岩性填图结果显示的浅部特征与地表地质填图结果基本吻合,更重要的是反映了深部岩性的变化,弥补了地表地质填图的不足。庐枞矿集区岩性填图试验结果表明,开展基于重磁三维反演的岩性填图,是了解矿集区深部岩性特征,发现深部矿产的有效方法。