New Material of Sinosauropteryx (Theropoda:Compsognathidae) from Western Liaoning,China

An incomplete specimen of Sinosauropteryx prima collected from the Early Cretaceous Yixian Formation of the Dawangzhangzi area in Lingyuan, western Liaoning is depicted. It represents the first systematically described material of this feathered compsognathid outside the Sihetun area in Beipiao. This specimen shows some diagnostic features of Sinosauropteryx prima, such as the very short forelimb in relation to hindlimb with the length ratio of humerus plus radius to femur plus tibia just around 30%, and the long and massive first manual ungual subequal in length to radius. The presence of Sinosauropteryx prima only at Sihetun and Dawangzhangzi supports the suggestion that the fossil-bearing beds in the Sihetun and Dawangzhangzi areas are equivalent to each other within the Yixian Formation.     

Three New Stoneflies (Insecta: Plecoptera) from the Yixian Formation of Liaoning, China

Three new genera and species Archaeoperla rarissimus gen. et sp. nov. （Perlidae）, Liaotaenionema tenuitibia gen. et sp. nov. （Taeniopterygidae） and Parvinemoura parvus gen. et sp. nov. （？Nemouridae） are described and illustrated. All of them were collected from Yixian Formation of the western Liaoning, China. Hitherto, A. rarissimus is the oldest species possessing typical characters of Perlidae; the finding of L. tenuitibia indicates taeniopterygids once lived in the northeastern China in the late Mesozoic, but frequent volcanic activities, climate changes, or other environmental changes might have resulted in the disappearance of Taeniopterygidae in northern China after Mesozoic. Ancestral groups of Nemouridae have been abundant from Middle Jurassic, and male genitalia of P. parvus gen. et sp. nov. has been developed and similar to extant Nemouridae in the late Mesozoic. The stonefly fossils found from Yixian Formation are not divers at the species level, but rich at the family level. The diversity of stonefly implies different microclimate existed in the northeastern China at that time. A large old lacustrine basin existed in the western Liaoning, surrounded by hygrophilous plants on swampland and lake shore, warm and humid; tall arbor and boscage on the hillside nearby, mild and dry; mountains in the distance, rivulets running among the mountains, cool and wet. Many insects, prefer cool climate （e.g. stonefly, raphidiopterans, et ai.）, lived in the mountains with rivulets.     

The discovery of a new family Sunopteridae fam.nov.(Insecta: Protorthoptera) from Shaanxi Province,China

The fossil specimens discussed in this paper were collected from the grayish green mudstone and shale in the upper part of Lower Member of Middle Triassic Tongchuan Formation (T2t) in Shaanxi Province, China. Venationary feature correlation with old families and taxonomic discussion show that, among them, one specimen can be assigned to a new family - Sunopteridae fam. nov., which includes a new genus and species and can be referred to Order Protorthoptera Handlirsch, 1906 in taxonomic position, thus belonging to a new member of the Tongchuan Entomoassemblage of Shaanxi Entomofauna (belonging to Shaanxi Biota). The discovery of the new family and its new genus and species has certain reference values as follows: ① The discovery of the new family and its new genus and species fills firstly the vacancy in the protorthopterous field of China; ② In the meantime, it fills also the gaps of the valuable Middle Triassic protorthopterous fossil specimens between Late Carboniferous and Late Triassic Epochs in the world; ③ Judging from venationary features and taxonomic position, especially in the course of the formation of the merged vein of M and Cu, it formed a new unique and particular style of merged vein M+Cu. It not only is unique and simple, but also can be distinguished from the above mentioned 10 old families, thus providing important taxonomic evidence.     

A New Ornithocheirid from the Early Cretaceous of Liaoning Province, China

Based on a nearly complete skeleton with skull from the Early Cretaceous of Liaoning Province, a new ornithocheirid pterosaur: Boreopterus cuiae gen. et sp. nov. is erected. Boreopterus cuiae is different from other pterosaurs preserved with skulls known from the western Liaoning Province and its neighboring areas. Tiffs new oterosaur has more and larger teeth than those in other ornithocheirids. Its anterior nine pairs of teeth are larger than other teeth. The fourth pair of upper and lower teeth are slightly larger than the third pair. Overall, Boreopterus cuiae shows much small range of tooth size variation than Anhanguerapiscator and Coloborhynchus robustus. The new taxon shares with other ornithocherids in having a relatively large size of the third and fourth pairs of teeth.     

辽宁北票四合屯盆地下白垩统义县组沉积相

本文系统地论述了北票四合屯盆地下白垩统义县组沉积时期的演化,将盆地演化划分为继承性初始坳陷、火山洼地、湖盆沉降与扩展三个阶段,其后由于火山作用而使盆地封闭。与盆地演化相对应,建立了盆内义县组的沉积相序,自下而上依次为冲积扇与河流相、火山沉积相、河流相、湖相(滨湖亚相,浅湖亚相,半深湖亚相,浅湖亚相,滨湖亚相,浅湖亚相)、火山溢流相,并指出火山喷发间歇期湖盆的湖水进退规律、水体性质以及沉积环境特征。     

辽宁北票地区义县组含鸟化石层沉积环境初探

北票四合屯地区义县组含鸟化石层沉积形成于火山活动的间歇期。沉积产物以水平纹理泥岩等细碎屑岩为主，普遍含有火山碎屑物质，岩层以流水构造不发育为特征。总体沉积环境主要为滨湖—浅湖，并伴有小规模的阵发性浊流沉积注入。湖盆类型为南东缘发育同沉积断裂，北西侧呈缓坡的半地堑盆地。     

辽西中生代含鸟层及上下层位的划分和时代

辽宁西部中生代地层发育,在国内外同期地层研究中占有重要地位。辽西中生代鸟化石的发现,具有重要的科学价值。含鸟层位包括上侏罗统义县组含鸟层和下白垩统九佛堂组含鸟层。现共鉴定出鸟类化石１１个属１４个种,其中义县组鸟化石４个属６个种,地位最为重要。鉴于此,将义县组下部的沉积层划分出来,并建立了四合屯组,该组对寻找鸟类的祖先具有重要的意义。原土城子组一段具有组级岩石地层单位意义称为蒙古营子组。     

Evolution and palaeosynecology of the Mesozoic earwigs (Insecta: Dermaptera)

Sinoprotodiplatys zhangi gen. et sp. nov. is described from the Lower Cretaceous Yixian Formation in Liaoning Province, near Beipiao City, China. It is one of the most recent representatives of the suborder Archidermaptera. The classification and synonymies among the archidermapteran families are reassessed. The palaeosynecological evolution of the Mesozoic earwigs is analysed using the new tool of the ‘Wagner Parsimony using Morphological Characters’ method (‘WAPUM’), suggesting that the evolution of the morphology of these insects was very progressive, perhaps owing to their way of life in the soil.     

北票-义县地区义县组火山构造及其与化石沉积层的关系

义县火山旋回发育于早白垩世,可以划分出4个亚旋回,具有由西向东迁移,由基性向中基性、中酸性演化的特点,并形成了一系列不同级别的火山构造.区内主要为四至六级火山构造,包括火山构造洼地、层状火山、破火山和穹状火山等.不同级别、不同发展阶段的火山构造对化石沉积层的形成、分布和保存起到了不同的作用.三级火山构造控制了义县火山-沉积岩系呈NE向展布;四级火山构造形成了两大火山洼地,并在两个火山构造洼地中分别形成了相对独立的沉积层;五至六级火山构造直接影响了化石沉积层的空间形态和物质组成.     

辽西北票和义县地区义县组综合对比研究

辽西北票、义县两地区的义县组层位对比问题一直存在争议。两地区义县组典型剖面区的岩石学、地球化学和同位素年代学等方面的对比研究表明,北票四合屯地区含鸟珍稀化石层位——尖山沟层及以下层位的义县组与义县地区义县组砖城子层及以下层位可比,而与义县地区义县组的其他层位不可比。这两个地区义县组关系的确定,对深入研究辽西地区义县组顶底时代、火山活动规模和强度以及沉积-古生态环境的横向变化等问题均有重要意义。