松辽盆地南部扶余油层砂岩成岩作用研究——以扶余油田和新立油田为例

对松辽盆地南部扶余油田和新立油田扶余油层砂岩岩石学特征和各成岩作用类型进行了细致分析,研究表明,扶余油田和新立油田的扶余油层主要类型分别为长石砂岩和长石岩屑砂岩,并经历了中等压实作用、自生石英胶结作用、自生粘土矿物胶结作用、碳酸盐胶结作用、交代和溶解作用等,达到晚成岩阶段A2亚期.该油层砂岩中碳酸盐胶结物主要为成岩早期的产物,当碳酸盐胶结物含量大于8%时,直接影响岩石的机械压实作用和油层的孔隙度.扶余油田扶余油层砂岩中长石含量相比新立油田高,可能导致该地区扶余油层砂岩的交代和溶解作用相对发育,从而抑制其内石英颗粒的次生加大,并形成高含量的自生高岭石,及因长石溶解所至的两个自生高岭石峰值特征等.     

银额盆地额济纳旗伊很乌苏地区下白垩统巴音戈壁组的微体化石及沉积环境

银额盆地额济纳地区中生代地层分布广泛,近些年的研究表明,盆地内发现的油气多来源于中生代地层的烃源岩,因此研究银额盆地中生代地层具有十分重要的意义。通过对银额盆地额济纳地区微体化石进行分析研究,发现鉴定了孢粉3属3种,介形类3属6种,其共存时限为早白垩世。据此将前人原划上侏罗统重新厘定为下白垩统巴音戈壁组,并根据岩石组合特征将其划分为3个岩性段。结合化石古生态、沉积构造和区域地质背景,认为巴音戈壁组3个岩性段分别代表了近岸水下扇、滨—浅湖、扇三角洲平原的淡水—微咸水内陆河湖相沉积环境,揭示其沉积经历了湖盆从产生、发展到萎缩的演化过程。巴音戈壁组岩石组合、沉积环境和化石组合特征的研究结果,有助于区域地层研究对比,为研究油气基础地质和区域演化提供基础资料。     

A geophysical view of the Southeastern Brazilian margin at Santos Basin: Insights into rifting evolution

This study investigates the rifting structures of Santos Basin at the Southeastern Brazilian margin, based on an integrated geophysical approach. Our aim is to constrain the crustal basement topography of central and northern Santos basin, the presence of magmatism and the role of inherited structures in space and time through the rifting processes. We present a new high resolution aeromagnetic dataset, which in correlation with gravity anomalies enables us to interpret the tectonic trends and crustal basement structures. We calculated the magnetic basement depth for the central and northern Santos Basin using power spectrum analysis. The obtained depths range between 2 and 9 kms, and are comparable with results from previous works. From our integrated study, three margin domains could be identified, which display distinct rifting structures and are characterized by important lateral variation along the margin. The proximal domain displays trends and magnetic basement blocks NE–SW oriented, i.e., parallel to inherited onshore crustal basement with an inflexion to E–W oriented trends; the necking domain is characterized by oblique magnetic basement highs and lows (E–W and NW–SE) and a structural trend change. The trends and magnetic basement highs are bounded by NW–SE negative anomalies, interpreted as transfer zones. Oceanwards at the distal domain, the lineaments and transfer zones show a progressive structural inflexion to ENE and E–W, sub-parallel to adjacent South Atlantic Fracture Zones. The observed crustal basement architecture and segmentation suggest the reactivation of pre-rift structures at the proximal margin and the obliquity of rifting relative to them. From the proximal domain oceanwards the structural pattern may reflect the passage from a “continental type” domain, where lithospheric inheritance controls the deformation, to a distal margin where this influence diminishes and “new” structural trends are formed. We propose that northern Santos Basin show evidences of an intensely deformed zone, where rift evolved under oblique extension, similar to that observed at transform margin segments.     

Reservoir Characteristics and Genetic Mechanisms of the Mesozoic Granite Buried Hills in the Deep‐water of the Qiongdongnan Basin,Northern South China Sea

Due to its structure,rock and mineral composition,fluid and other factors,the granite Buried Hill Reservoir is highly heterogeneous with a complex longitudinal structure and a reservoir space made up of a combination of dissolution pores and fractures.This paper is based on current understanding of tectonic evolution in the northern part of the South China Sea,in conjunction with the seismic phase characteristics.It is determined that the meshed fault system was formed by three stages of movement-tectonic compression orogeny during the Indochinese epoch,strike-slip compression-tension during the Yanshanian Period,early fracture extension activation during the Himalayan-which controlled the distribution of the Buried Hill Reservoir.Drilling revealed two types of buried hills,faulted anticline and fault horst,their longitudinal structure and the reservoir space type being significantly different.The mineral composition,reservoir space and diagenetic characteristics of the reservoir rocks and minerals were analyzed by lithogeochemistry,micro section and logging etc.,it thus being determined that the Mesozoic rocks of the Songnan Low Uplift in the Qiongdongnan Basin are mainly composed of syenogranite,granodiorite,monzogranite,which is the material basis for the development of the Buried Hill Reservoir.The content of felsic and other brittle minerals is more than 70%,making it easy for it to be transformed into fractures.At the same time,the weathering resistance of granodiorite and monzogranite is weaker than that of syenogranite,which is easily weathered and destroyed,forming a thick sand gravel weathering zone.With increasing depth of burial,weathering and dissolution gradually weaken,the deep acidic fluid improving the reservoir property of internal fractures and expanding the vertical distribution range of the reservoirs.The research results lay a foundation for the exploration of Buried Hill in the deep-water area of the Qiongdongnan Basin.     

Late Oligocene–Early Miocene palaeoecology based on pollen data from the Kalkım-Gönen Basin (Northwest Turkey)

Radiometric and palynological data of the Upper Oligocene–Lower Miocene Soma Formation from the Kalk?m-Gönen Basin yield new results related to age and palynological contents. In this study, Upper Oligocene strata from the Dani?ment and Linfa areas and Lower Miocene strata from the Bengiler area were sampled palynologically and for radiometric dating. The Dani?ment assemblage, which is older than the Linfa assemblages, mainly contains coniferous and evergreen to deciduous mixed mesophytic forest elements. Relatively high quantities of the altitudinal plants Picea and Abies, indicate a cooler palaeoclimate. The Linfa associations mainly include coniferous and riparian elements. Pollen of the riparian plant Alnus and Taxodiaceae indicative for the swamp forest community was predominant, probably as a result of a high lake level. There is a hiatus during the Oligocene–Miocene transition, probably showing a non-depositional phase and sea-level fall indicating the Mi-1 glaciation event. Higher in the sequence, the Aquitanian Bengiler sediments include high amounts of coniferous forest elements as well as components indicative for the evergreen and deciduous mesophytic forest and also riparian forest and swamp forest. Due to presence of thermophilous taxa Reveesia, Mastixiaceae and Arecaceae, a warm and humid palaeoclimate is inferred according to quantitative analyses using the Coexistence Approach.     

山西沁水煤层气田采收率预测

采用地质类比、等温吸附曲线及储层数值模拟 3种方法对山西沁水煤层气田主力气层———二叠系山西组 3# 煤层、石炭系太原组 15 # 煤层的煤层气采收率进行了预测 ,结果 3# 煤层的煤层气采收率为 6 2 % ,15 # 煤层的采收率为 5 5 % ,总平均采收率为 5 9%。分析对比了这 3种方法的运用条件及优缺点 ,指出煤层气采收率的预测必须采用多种方法 ,并结合具体的煤层气地质特点进行综合分析 ,才能得出合理的结论。     

辽河盆地东部凹陷热历史及构造—热演化特征

根据辽河盆地东部凹陷大地热流测量和镜质体反射率数据,恢复了该区的热历史,结果表明:东部凹陷热流呈现古热流高现今热流低的变化特征,沙河街组三段沉积期到东营组沉积期(距今43～25Ma)盆地热流为66～82mWm2,现今热流值为47～70mWm2。构造沉降史分析显示,盆地经历了早期的裂谷阶段(距今43～25Ma)和后期的热沉降阶段,裂谷阶段包含了两个裂谷亚旋回。盆地现今较低的大地热流和较高的古热流及典型的裂谷型构造沉降样式为东部凹陷的构造—热演化提供了重要认识。     

青藏高原晚始新世干旱化事件：改则盆地康托组碳酸盐岩碳氧同位素的记录

改则盆地位于青藏高原腹地,盆地内沉积物记录了高原古环境变化的重要信息。本文对改则盆地康托组碳酸盐岩碳氧同位素进行研究,结果显示改则盆地中-晚始新世的演化分为两个阶段:1中始新世湿润气候下开放湖盆阶段:虽然碳酸盐岩δ~(18)O值在43层处向正值偏移,但整体~(18)O和~(13)C强烈亏损,并且该时期碳酸盐岩δ~(18)O值和δ~(13)C变化相关系数为R~2=0.082。表明该阶段的研究区虽然经历过短期蒸发作用增强或补给水减少,但整体是气候湿润条件下补给水丰富的开放型湖盆。2晚始新世干旱气候下封闭湖盆阶段:经过中新世晚期(63层)气候和湖泊水文状态的过渡,晚始新世~(18)O和~(13)C同位素富集,δ~(18)O值和δ~(13)C值变化相关系数为R~2=0.7762。表明该阶段气候干旱,蒸发作用强烈,湖盆萎缩成为封闭湖盆。综合前人研究,认为青藏高原腹地及北缘、东北缘在晚始新世存在明显的区域性干旱化事件。对比分析青藏高原隆升、全球气候记录、全球海水Sr和大气CO_2记录,认为青藏高原腹地和北部的干旱化事件主要受青藏高原隆升的影响。     

准噶尔盆地三叠系生源油藏的发现及其意义

首次在准噶尔盆地发现了来源于三叠系烃源岩的典型原油，其地球化学特征与以往发现的石炭系、二叠系和侏罗系烃源岩生成原油均不同。该原油全油碳同位素δ^13C值为-3l‰左右，与石炭系和侏罗系原油差异很大；生物标志物中富含重排甾烷、Ts、C29Ts及C30重排藿烷，而伽马蜡烷和β-胡萝卜烷含量低，与三叠系烃源岩抽提物中生物标志物的分布十分相似，而与二叠系和侏罗系明显不同。二叠系、三叠系和侏罗系烃源岩的地球化学特征对比分析研究表明，三叠系是仅次于二叠系的良好烃源岩，具有较高的生烃潜力，是该盆地中又一套重要的烃源岩层系。油源对比表明该原油来源于三叠系烃源岩。三叠系生源原油的发现对该盆地油气勘探具有十分重要的意义。     

Mineral characteristics and their geological significance of black shales in southeastern Ordos Basin by X-ray diffraction analysis

X-ray diffraction analysis of black shale of Upper Triassic Member Chang 7 of the Yanchang Formation in southeastern Ordos Basin showed that black shales were deposited in brackish, strongly reducing, semi-deep-deep lacustrine facies, and mainly composed of quartz, feldspar, carbonate （dolomite）, clay minerals （illite and il- lite/smectite） and a certain amount of pyrite. The mineral composition characteristics of this set of black shales are similar to those of highly productive shale gas in North America, for example shallow burial, low clay mineral and abundant brittle mineral, so the strata are conducive to the development of cracks and fractures. Thus, this area is favorable for shale oil/gas exploration and development.