点苍山-哀牢山变质杂岩带中、北段多期花岗质岩浆事件及其构造意义

点苍山-哀牢山变质杂岩带位于青藏高原东南缘扬子板块与印支板块的结合部位。杂岩带经历了多期构造-岩浆-变质事件的叠加,带内物质组成极其复杂,是研究古特提斯演化、印度-欧亚板块俯冲-碰撞-隆升以及渐新世印支地体沿红河-哀牢山左行走滑侧向挤出的关键地区。本文对点苍山-哀牢山变质杂岩带中、北段戛洒地区11件花岗质岩石进行了LA-ICPMS锆石年代学和岩石地球化学分析,研究揭示出新元古代、中三叠世、始新世和渐新世四期不同类型的花岗质岩浆活动。其中4件花岗质岩石中锆石206Pb/238U加权平均年龄为780.0±6.3Ma~743.6±6.7Ma,部分岩石内发育有渐新世深熔锆石;1件花岗质片麻岩内27颗锆石的206Pb/238U加权平均年龄为234.3±2.0Ma;3件花岗斑岩锆石U-Pb测年获得36.67±0.54Ma~33.01±0.39Ma的加权平均年龄;3件花岗质片麻岩/糜棱岩中获得渐新世(28.58±0.57Ma~24.53±0.29Ma)侵位年龄。岩石地球化学研究揭示新元古代花岗质岩石具有较高的Cu、V、Zn、TiO_2含量及较高铝指数,A/CNK变化范围为1.09~1.13,TiO_2含量为0.44~0.60;中三叠世花岗岩具有钙碱性特征,A/CNK1.0,R1-R2图解中落入深熔花岗岩范围内;始新世花岗岩具有高Sr、Ba、K_2O含量,高Sr/Y、Sr/Nd、Ba/Th比值,低Nd、Na)2O含量的特点,岩石中全碱含量为9.2%~10.4%,Sr/Y值为48.8~94.5,Sr/Nd值为30.4~65.3,Ba/Th值为151~358;渐新世花岗岩全碱含量较低变化范围为3.25~9.03,A/CNK范围为1.09~1.14,属富铝质S型花岗岩。花岗质岩石野外产状、锆石年代学与岩石地球化学综合研究揭示新元古代花岗质岩石可能属扬子板块西缘原特提斯洋俯冲形成的陆缘岩浆弧,印支期造山作用过程中卷入到杂岩带内,新生代区域性走滑剪切使岩石进一步发生变形和深熔;中三叠世花岗岩为古特提斯洋闭合后扬子板块与印支板块碰撞后伸展构造热事件的响应;始新世花岗质岩石为印度-亚欧板块碰撞后伸展背景下地幔上涌交代下地壳进而产生的富钾花岗质岩石,且侵位年代由北向南逐渐变新记录了印度-亚欧板块汇聚角度的调整过程;渐新世花岗质岩石为红河-哀牢山剪切-走滑抬升过程中变沉积岩、新元古代和晚二叠世-三叠纪花岗质岩石的部分熔融而成。     

鄂尔多斯盆地苏77、召51区块山23段储层成岩作用与孔隙演化定量分析

利用扫描电镜、岩石薄片、高压压汞、X衍射等实验及物性分析资料,对鄂尔多斯盆地苏77、召51区块山23段储层基本特征、成岩作用类型及强度、孔隙演化模式进行研究。结果表明：储层主要岩石类型为成分成熟度较高、结构成熟度较低的石英砂岩和岩屑石英砂岩;孔隙类型以溶孔为主,残余粒间孔和晶间孔含量次之。储层在经历中等-强程度的压实,中等程度的胶结以及强烈的溶蚀作用后,处于中成岩阶段B期,局部处于晚成岩阶段。压实作用和胶结作用导致原生孔隙遭到破坏,孔隙度损失分别为1694％和1429％,晶间孔和溶蚀作用分别使孔隙度增加092％和564％,储层物性得以改善。孔隙空间经历原生孔隙减少→次生孔隙发育→次生孔隙减少→混合孔隙并存的复杂演化过程。     

Paleoseismological Study of the Late Quaternary Slip-rate along the South Barkol Basin Fault and Its Tectonic Implications, Eastern Tian Shan, Xinjiang

The easternmost Tian Shan lies in eastern Xinjiang, Central Asia. The South Barkol basin fault(SBF) in the northern part of the easternmost Tian Shan is a major tectonic structure in this orogenic region. The late Quaternary activity, paleoseismology, and deformation characteristics of the fault provide important clues for understanding the tectonic process of the eastern Tian Shan orogen and implementing seismic mitigation. Through interpretation of high-resolution satellite images, unmanned aerial vehicle measurements, and detailed geological and geomorphic investigations, we suggest that the fault exhibits clear left-lateral slip along its western segment. Paleoseismic trenches dug near Xiongkuer reveal evidence of six large paleoearthquakes. The four latest paleoearthquakes were dated: the oldest event occurred at 4663 BC–3839 BC. Data on the horizontal offsets along the probable 1842 Barkol earthquake coseismic rupture suggest clear multiple relationships between cumulative offsets and possible ~4 m of coseismic left-lateral slip per event. From the cumulative offsets and 14 C sample ages, we suggest an average Holocene left-lateral slip rate of 2.4–2.8 mm/a on the SBF, accounting for ~80% of lateral deformation within the entire eastern Tian Shan fault system. This result is comparable with the shortening rate of 2–4 mm/a in the whole eastern Tian Shan, indicating an equal role of strike-slip tectonics and compressional tectonics in this orogen, and that the SBF may accommodate substantial lateral tectonic deformation.     

New Zircon U-Pb Geochronology of the Post-kinematic Granitic Plutons in the Diancang Shan Metamorphic Massif along the Ailao Shan-Red River Shear Zone and Its Geological Implications

<正>The Ailao Shan-Red River fault zone is the boundary between the Yangtze block to the northeast and the Indochina block to the southwest.It is an important tectonic zone due to its role in the southeastward extrusion of the Indochina block during and subsequent to the Indian-Eurasian collision.Diancang Shan(DCS) high-grade metamorphic complex,located at the northwest extension along the Ailao Shan-Red River(ASRR) shear zone,is a representative metamorphic complex of the ASRR tectonic belt.Structural and microstructural analysis of sheared rocks in the high-grade metamorphic rocks reveals that they are coherent with solid-state high-temperature ductile deformation,which is attributed to left-lateral shearing along the ASRR shear zone.New LA-ICP-MS zircon U-Pb geochronological and microstructural studies of the post-kinematic granitic plutons provide a straightforward time constraint on the termination ductile left-lateral shearing and exhumation of the metamorphic massif in the ASRR shear zone.It is suggested that the left-lateral shearing along the ASRR shear zone ended at ca.21 Ma at relative lower-temperature or decreasing temperature conditions.During or after the emplacement of the young dikes at ca.21 Ma,rapid brittle deformation event occurred,which makes the DCS massif start fast uplift/exhumation and cooling to a shallow crustal level.     

南天山乌什前陆逆冲褶皱构造带的晚新生代构造地貌特征与地震活动

乌什逆冲断褶带位于南天山库车前陆逆冲褶皱构造带的西段,对该地区晚新生代构造活动的研究有利于加深对南天山前陆逆冲构造带的认识。本文通过对卫星遥感影像和DEM数据的解译分析,并结合研究区野外考察及典型地震反射剖面的分析,表明乌什逆冲断褶带东部地貌演化受褶皱生长影响较为深刻,发育一系列由新到老的冲积扇和风口。台兰河中游河流阶地和冰碛物均被秋里塔格断层错断,阶地断距为3.1～6.7 m,台兰期冰碛物(M_2)断距约80 m。秋里塔格断裂第四纪以来水平缩短速率约为1.23～1.59 mm/a。西部地区发育一系列逆冲断层,并发育典型的活动断层陡坎。乌什凹陷地震活动也具有明显的西强东弱的特点,地震活动具有沿断层呈带状分布的特点。乌什逆冲断褶带位于南天山造山带东西构造的转换地带,地震活动西部明显强于东部,且具有呈带状沿南天山及其山前逆冲断裂带分布的特点。历史地震分析表明上个世纪以来该区域未有7级以上地震发生,但其西部地区6级以上地震频发,随着阿克苏地区区域经济的快速发展和人口的快速增长,乌什逆冲断褶带的地震活动性应该引起地质学家更加深入的关注和研究。     

龙门山前陆盆地晚三叠世沉积通量与造山带的隆升和剥蚀

根据钻井资料、地层剖面资料,利用Surfer8.0软件编制出晚三叠世前陆盆地各组段的残留地层等厚图,得出各组段残留地层的沉积总量,并计算出各阶段沉积通量:21.4 t/(m2·Ma)、184.2 t/(m2·Ma)、278.0 t/(m2·Ma)、147.6 t/(m2·Ma)、703.5 t/(m2·Ma)、272.0 t/(m2·Ma)。然后,利用物质平衡法将沉积物回剥至龙门山造山带并进行脱压校正,计算出晚三叠世龙门山造山带剥蚀总厚度为2 514 m,各阶段造山带剥蚀速率分别为:0.009 mm/a、0.114 mm/a、0.133 mm/a、0.094 mm/a、0.423 mm/a和0.133 mm/a。最终,重塑了龙门山造山带晚三叠世的隆升历史:在距今228.0~199.6 Ma的时间内龙门山造山带地壳隆升了约4.3~4.6 km,地表隆升了1.8~2.1 km;并且隆升过程具有明显的阶段性,可划分为初始隆升(228.0~216.5 Ma)、加速隆升(216.5~211.0 Ma)、缓慢隆升(211.0~203.6 Ma)、急剧隆升(203.6~202.7 Ma)和缓慢隆升(202.7~199.6 Ma)五个阶段。     

http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1674987110000022

<正>The Early Cretaceous Hohhot metamorphic core complex(mcc) of the Daqing Shan(Mtns.) of central Inner Mongolia is among the best exposed and most spectacular of the spatially isolated mcc's that developed within the northern edge of the North China "craton".All of these mcc's were formed within the basement of a Late Paleozoic Andean-style arc and across older Mesozoic fold-and-thrust belts of variable age and tectonic vergence.The master Hohhot detachment fault roots southwards within the southern margin of the Daqing Shan for an along-strike distance of at least 120 km.Its geometry in the range to the north is complicated by interference patterns between(1) primary,large-scale NW-SE-trend-ing convex and concave fault corrugations and(2) secondary ENE-WSW-trending antiforms and synforms that folded the detachment in its late kinematic history.As in the Whipple Mtns.of California, the Hohhot master detachment is not of the Wernicke(1981) simple rooted type:instead,it was spawned from a mid-crustal shear zone,the top of which is preserved as a mylonitic front within Carboniferous metasedimentary rocks in its exhumed lower plate.~(40)Ar—~(39)Ar dating of siliceous volcanic rocks in basal sections of now isolated supradetachment basins suggest that crustal extension began at ca.127 Ma, although lower-plate mylonitic rocks were not exposed to erosion until after ca.119 Ma.Essentially synchronous cooling of hornblende,biotite.and muscovite in footwall mylonitic gneisses indicates very rapid exhumation and at ca.122—120 Ma.Contrary to several recent reports,the master detachment clearly cuts across and dismembers older,north-directed thrust sheets of the Daqing Shan foreland fold-and-thrust belt.Folded and thrust-faulted basalts within its foredeep strata are as young as 132.6±2.4 Ma,thus defining within 5—6 Ma the regional tectonic transition between crustal contraction and profound crustal extension.     

Lead isotope variations across terrane boundaries of the Tien Shan and Chinese Altay

The Altaid orogen was formed by aggregation of Paleozoic subduction–accretion complexes and Precambrian basement blocks between the Late Proterozoic and the Early Mesozoic. Because the Altaids are the site of abundant granitic plutonism and host some of the largest gold deposits in the world, understanding their formation has important implications on the comprehension of Phanerozoic crustal growth and metallogeny. In this study, we present the first extensive lead isotope data on magmatic and metasedimentary rocks as well as ore deposits of the southern part of the Altaids, including the Tien Shan (Tianshan) and southern Altay (Altai) orogenic belts. Our results show that each terrane investigated within the Tien Shan and southern Altay is characterized by a distinct Pb isotope signature and that there is a SW–NE Pb isotope gradient suggesting a progressive transition from a continental crust environment in the West (the Kyzylkum and Kokshaal segments of the Southern Tien Shan) to an almost 100% juvenile (MORB-type mantle-derived) crust environment in the East (Altay). The Pb isotope signatures of the studied ore deposits follow closely those of magmatic and metasedimentary rocks of the host terranes, thus supporting the validity of lead isotopes to discriminate terranes. Whereas this apparently suggests that no unique reservoir has been responsible for the huge gold concentration in this region, masking of a preferential Pb-poor Au-bearing reservoir by mixing with Pb-rich crustal reservoirs during the mineralizing events cannot be excluded.     

Dating of erosion surface and terraces in the eastern Qilian Shan,northwest China

The actively deformed foreland of eastern Qilian Shan (mountains) contains well‐preserved geomorphic features such as erosion surfaces, river terraces and tectonically uplifted alluvial fans, providing suitable archives for research on regional tectonic activities and palaeoclimatic changes. These geomorphic surfaces are well dated by using a combination of magnetostratigraphy, electron spin resonance, thermoluminescence, infra‐red stimulated luminescence, radiocarbon dating, and correlation with the well‐established loess–palaeosol sequences of China. Our results show that the erosion surface formed about 1·4 Ma ago, and the age of river terraces is 1·24 Ma, 820–860 ka, 780 ka, 420–440 ka, 230–250 ka, 140 ka, 60 ka and 10 ka, respectively. Valley incision rates of c. 0·09–0·25 m ka^?1 have been identified. The repetitive stratigraphic and geomorphic pattern of these terraces indicates the fluvial sedimentation–incision cycles are tightly associated with the 100‐ka glacial–interglacial climatic cycles. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

论天山山麓带第四纪的重大事件及其深入研究的必要性

本文简要论述了天山南北山麓地带第四纪的重大事件。它们是强烈的第四纪构造活动、黄土堆积、山麓冰川作用以及古人类活动等。指出这些事件中诸多问题需要深入研究的必要性。