太行山北段麻棚岩体锆石SHRIMP U-Pb年龄及其意义

在太行山构造-岩浆-多金属成矿带上沿NNE向发育大量的中-酸性侵入岩,其中太行山北段阜平南部的麻棚岩体与石湖金矿成矿因素关系紧密,因此倍受关注。本文报道了麻棚岩体北部过渡带中花岗闪长岩SHRIMPU-Pb年代学数据(125.0±3.4Ma),该年龄是目前已知太行山北段中生代侵入岩年龄值中最年轻的。同时这一结果表明,直至125Ma,太行山北段的岩浆活动依旧活跃;其次,该年龄对太行山北段NW向断裂系统的活动时间进行了限定。     

基于ASTER VNIR-SWIR多光谱遥感数据识别与提取干旱地区岩性信息——以西南天山柯坪隆起东部为例

ASTER多光谱遥感数据目前可以用于岩石矿物资源信息的识别和提取。本研究尝试利用ASTER可见光近红外(VNIR)和短波红外(SWIR)的多光谱遥感数据提取干旱地区的岩石与矿物信息。基于新疆天山西南缘柯坪隆起东部不同地层单元岩石的化学组成和矿物成份以及VNIR-SWIR谱域光谱吸收特征的分析,我们采用相关吸收波段深度(RBD)和波段比值(BR)方法对研究区的多光谱遥感数据进行图像处理,有效区分和识别了白云岩、石灰岩、砂岩以及阿克苏群的蓝片岩—绿片岩和砂质片岩。白云岩的CO_3~(2-)吸收谱带中心波长位于2.32μm,与灰岩的CO_3~(2-)吸收谱带中心波长位置2.35μm相比,具有向短波长方向移动的特点,据此可以利用RBD7、RBD8分别有效的识别白云岩和灰岩;长英质岩石显示Al-OH和Fe~(3+)VNIR-SWIR吸收特征,而基性-超基性岩石显示Fe~(2+)和Fe、Mg-OH特征,利用不同的铁价态和次要矿物可以区分它们:ASTER band2/band1代表了含Fe~(3+)矿物分布信息、ASTER band5/band4代表了含Fe~(2+)矿物分布信息、RBD6可以估计Al-OH矿物的丰度;砂质/泥质片岩含较多的多硅白云母、绿泥石、黑硬绿泥石以及风化后表面覆盖的其它粘土矿物,在2.21μm(band6)存在有特征的吸收谱带,并且在1.65μm(band 4)具有较高的反射率,而蓝片/绿片岩在2.21μm(band 6)反射率较高,不具有明显特征吸收谱带,同时其在1.65μm(band 4)反射率较低,因此蓝片/绿片岩ASTER band4/band6比值低。应用ASTER band4/band6波段比值可以有效的区分开砂质/泥质片岩与蓝片岩/绿片岩。     

大别山周缘盆地物源研究:新结果及运用

叙述单颗粒碎屑矿物在大别山周缘盆地物源分析中的运用。现代河流沉积与大别山源区的对比研究表明碎屑石榴石、K 白云母和电气石的化学组成可以有效地被用于物源分析。它们在侏罗纪—白垩纪—古近纪沉积中的特征揭示了大别山源区岩石组成的复杂性,由扬子大陆深俯冲折返所形成的高压—超高压变质岩在白垩纪—古近纪逐渐向东南缘盆地提供了重要的物源, 在侏罗纪时期主要分布在大别山北缘盆地的源区。石炭纪时期大别山北缘盆地中碎屑Cr 尖晶石的化学组成和碎屑锆石U Pb年龄结构指示源区岩石组成主要为早古生代华北大陆南缘活动大陆边缘的特征;此外,锆石U Pb年龄指示源区岩石也具有扬子大陆的特征。     

Utilisation and Management Changes in South Kyrgyzstan''''s Mountain Forests

IntroductionThe mountain forests of South Kyrgyzstan have a long history of human influence. The political and socio-economic conditions prevailing in the region have changed dramatically several times over the last century and have played animportant role in forest policy, management and use. To highlight the human-environment relationship, I have chosen here to use a political ecology approach as conceptual framework (cf. Bryant & Bailey 1997, Bryant 1998, Blaikie 1999). In this approach,…     

Cosmogenic nuclide constraints on glacial chronology in the source area of the Urumqi River,Tian Shan,China

Cosmogenic nuclide surface exposure dating of boulders and erratics provides new constraints for a glacial chronology in the source area of the Urumqi River, Tian Shan, China. ¹⁰Be exposure ages of 15.0 ± 1.3–17.1 ± 1.5 ka from the Upper Wangfeng (UWF) moraines agree well with their previous relative age assignments to marine isotope stage (MIS) 2, but are younger than published AMS ¹⁴C and electron spin resonance (ESR) ages (from 22.8 ± 0.6 to 37.4 ka). This difference may result from variations in techniques, or could reflect the impact of surface erosion and sediment/snow cover on surface exposure dating. ¹⁰Be ages from the Lower Wangfeng (LWF) moraines (18.7 ± 1.8 and 16.2 ± 1.5 ka) are indistinguishable from the UWF exposure ages, but are significantly younger than previously reported thermoluminescence (TL) and ESR ages (37.7 ± 2.6–184.7 ± 18 ka). Either these two groups were formed during the same period (MIS 2) and there are problems with TL and ESR ages, or the moraines were of very different ages and the similar exposure ages result from different degrees of degradation. Erratics on rock steps and a drumlin along >8 km of the main glacial valley above the UWF have internally consistent and slightly decreasing ¹⁰Be exposure ages indicating glacier retreat >2.5 m a^?1 after MIS 2 and before middle or late Holocene glacier re‐advances. This retreat rate is similar to rates observed from modern glaciers. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

高精度航磁资料在新疆西天山地区 金属找矿中的应用

新疆西天山地区海拔高,地形切割大,开展地面矿产普查工作难度很大。充分利用高精度航磁资料,以区域成矿规律为基础,结合地质、矿产、化探、遥感等资料,研究不同规模、形态和强度的磁异常,通过地面查证,可以直接发现强磁性磁铁矿体,同时通过发现和圈定中弱磁性的中酸性岩体进而找到与之密切相关的多金属矿产。利用上述找矿思路,在西天山地区取得了很好的找矿效果,发现了铁、铜、金等不同种类金属矿产。因此高精度航磁资料在该地区找矿过程q-可以发挥非常重要的作用,能有效指导地面矿产勘查。     

Tectono–sedimentary Evolution of the Late Triassic Xujiahe Formation in the Sichuan Basin

The early stage of Sichuan Basin formation was controlled by the convergence of three major Chinese continental blocks during the Indosinian orogeny that include South China,North China,and Qiangtang blocks.Although the Late Triassic Xujiahe Formation is assumed to represent the commencement of continental deposition in the Sichuan Basin,little research is available on the details of this particular stratum.Sequence stratigraphic analysis reveals that the Xujiahe Formation comprises four third-order depositional sequences.Moreover,two tectono-sedimentary evolution stages,deposition and denudation,have been identified.Typical wedge-shaped geometry revealed in a cross section of the southern Sichuan Basin normal to the Longmen Shan fold-thrust belt is displayed for the entire Xujiahe Formation.The depositional extent did not cover the Luzhou paleohigh during the LST1 to LST2 （LST,TST and HST mean Iowstand,transgressive and highstand systems tracts,1,2,3 and 4 represent depositional sequence 1,2,3 and 4）,deltaic and fluvial systems fed sediments from the Longmen Shan belt,Luzhou paleohigh,Hannan dome,and Daba Shan paleohigh into a foreland basin with a centrally located lake.The forebulge of the western Sichuan foreland basin was located southeast of the Luzhou paleohigh after LST2.According to the principle of nonmarine sequence stratigraphy and the lithology of the Xujiahe Formation,four thrusting events in the Longmen Shan fold-thrust belt were distinguished,corresponding to the basal boundaries of sequences 1,2,3,and 4.The northern Sichuan Basin was tilted after the deposition of sequence 3,inducing intensive erosion of sequences 3 and 4,and formation of wedge-shaped deposition geometry in sequence 4 from south to north.The tilting probably resulted from small-scale subduction and exhumation of the western South China block during the South and North China block collision.     

U–Pb–Hf zircon study of two mylonitic granite complexes in the Talas-Fergana fault zone,Kyrgyzstan, and Ar–Ar age of deformations along the fault

A 2000 km long dextral Talas-Fergana strike–slip fault separates eastern terranes in the Kyrgyz Tien Shan from western terranes. The aim of this study was to constrain an age of dextral shearing in the central part of the fault utilizing Ar–Ar dating of micas. We also carried out a U–Pb–Hf zircon study of two different deformed granitoid complexes in the fault zone from which the micas for Ar dating were separated. Two samples of the oldest deformed Neoproterozoic granitoids in the area of study yielded U–Pb zircon SHRIMP ages 728 ± 11 Ma and 778 ± 11 Ma, characteristic for the Cryogenian Bolshoi Naryn Formation, and zircon grains analyzed for their Lu–Hf isotopic compositions yielded εHf(t) values from −11.43 to −16.73, and their calculated tHfc ages varied from 2.42 to 2.71 Ga. Thus varying Cryogenian ages and noticeable heterogeneity of Meso- to Paleoproterozoic crustal sources was established for mylonitic granites of the Bolshoi Naryn Formation. Two samples of mylonitized pegmatoidal granites of the Kyrgysh Complex yielded identical ²⁰⁶Pb/²³⁸U ages of 279 ± 5 Ma corresponding to the main peak of Late-Paleozoic post-collisional magmatism in the Tien Shan (Seltmann et al., 2011), and zircon grains analyzed for their Lu–Hf isotopic compositions yielded εHf(t) values from −11.43 to −16.73, and calculated tHfc ages from 2.42 to 2.71 Ga indicating derivation from a Paleoproterozoic crustal source. Microstructural studies showed that ductile/brittle deformation of pegmatoidal granites of the Kyrgysh Complex occurred at temperatures of 300–400 °C and caused resetting of the K–Ar isotope system of primary muscovite. Deformation of mylonitized granites of the Bolshoi Naryn Formation occurred under high temperature conditions and resulted in protracted growth and recrystallization of micas. The oldest Ar–Ar muscovite age of 241 Ma with a well defined plateau from a pegmatoidal granite of the Kyrgysh Complex is considered as a “minimum” age of dextral motions along this section of the fault in the Triassic while younger ages varying from 227 Ma to 199 Ma with typical staircase patterns indicate protracted growth and recrystallization of micas during ductile deformations which continued until the end of the Triassic.     

芦山地震前后龙门山断裂带南段视应力研究

利用四川台网数字地震记录资料,计算了2008年汶川地震之后、2013年芦山地震之前5年内,龙门山断裂带南段ML3.0级以上地震视应力随时间的变化,以及芦山M7.0级地震序列的视应力值及其时空分布特征.结果表明：①从芦山地震之前1年的时间开始,龙门山断裂带南段有视应力的上升过程;②芦山地震余震序列视应力存在几次比较突出的视应力与震级相关性的被打破以及视应力的突降异常,且在震后3个小时之后,视应力即有明显下降的过程;③从归准化的芦山地震序列视应力σapp的空间分布来看,视应力高值区域分布在主震的西南方向和整个余震区东南边缘,并且这两个高视应力区正好分布在该断层面与华南地块紧密接触的边缘;④主震西侧有一片视应力相对较高的区域;⑤主震以北区域的视应力则相对较低.     

近场全波形反演：芦山7.0级地震及余震矩张量解

2013年4月20日四川芦山发生了7.0级地震.该地震是自2008年汶川8.0级地震以来发生在龙门山断裂带上的最强地震,截至5月5日,四川省数字遥测台网记录到了52个（M_L≥4.0）余震.我们搜集了信噪比相对较高的宽频带数据,根据已有的三个分别适合于四川盆地和龙门山断裂东南地区、西南山区、西北山区速度模型,利用TDMT_INVC方法计算矩张量,获得了芦山主震及其16个余震的高质量矩张量解;根据P轴、B轴和T轴的倾角对主震及余震的断层类型进行了分类,结果表明：芦山地震的震级为M_w6.46（矩震级）,地震矩为0.61×10¹⁹Nm,震源深度为13 km,震源机制类型为逆断层.芦山余震类型简单,主要为逆冲型;芦山地震序列震中分布于龙门山断裂带西南端的彭县—灌县断裂上,本研究获得的主震和余震的震源机制主要为逆冲型,这表明了龙门山断裂西南端主要为逆冲特征.芦山地震震源性质与汶川地震相近,发震间隔时间短,且均发生于同一构造单元内,表明了该地震与汶川地震可能有密切关系.