天山高山冰缘环境的融冻泥流作用

根据实地观测结果分析，本文得出：天山冰缘环境发育的融冻泥流分布在海拔２５００─３６００ｍ间的阴坡。融冻泥流发育要求地下含水丰富，粒度以细粉砂为主，地表坡度１０─３１°。融冻泥流的形态多数为长宽比小于１的叶状，少量为舌状。融冻泥流表面平均运动速度为１１．１４ｃｍ／ａ，舌前缘前进的平均速度的１．８６ｃｍ／ａ，中轴部位的运动速度比两侧大。     

南太行——中条山植物区系地理研究

南太行—中条山地区是中国种子植物区系研究薄弱地区之一。本区约有种子植物1627种,隶属618属142科。通过该区种子植物各类地理成分分析及与相关地区的比较,得出:本地区植物区系具有温带区系特点,又具有温带向亚热带区系过渡性质,是华北植物区系分区南部亚区的一条重要界线。该地区存在许多古老及残遗植物,表明该区系起源古老,同时也是产生新分化的中心之一。     

跨断裂水准剖面观测在地震监测中的应用

由于活动地块的相对运动和变形，其边界带往往构造活动强烈，是反映地壳运动的敏感部位。基于上述思路，昆仑山口西8．1级大震发生后，通过大范围监测布设在青藏块体北部地区及周边主要构造带上的水准剖面，在短期内快速获取了大范围的断裂活动信息和不同断裂带对大区域构造应力场变化的响应特征。实践证明，这种监测方式灵活、作业周期短、资料处理快，能及时对震情趋势做出估计，不失为当前区域形变监测工作的一种新的探索。     

阿尔金北缘大平沟金矿床成因

大平沟金矿是阿尔金北缘地区近年来新发现的一个中型金矿床。它受韧性剪切带构造的控制,矿化类型为蚀变糜棱岩型夹少量钾长石石英脉型。文章通过地质地球化学的研究,探讨了该矿床的成因。稀土元素、硫同位素、铅同位素和锶同位素地球化学特征反映成矿物质主要来源于变质岩;流体包裹体和氢氧同位素反映成矿流体主要来源于变质水,有少量重熔岩浆水和大气降水的混入,成矿温度198～2 90℃,成矿流体密度0 .791～0 .971g/cm3 ;盐度w(NaCleq) =2 .0 3%～5 .5 % ,成矿压力(42 0～72 0 )×10 5Pa ,成矿深度为1.6 1～2 .6 8km。石英流体包裹体Rb_Sr等时线年龄表明成矿时代为加里东期。大平沟金矿床属于中温动力变质热液成因矿床。     

山地降水垂直分布三参数高斯模式及其应用

针对蒋忠信山地降水高斯模式计算中的问题,提出三参数高斯模式及其非线性回归计算方法,将其应用于我国部分山地降水中,效果较好。     

华东某些山区第四纪古纬度变化

据１８８个古地磁样品和样品产地的地理坐标、余纬度、平均磁偏角和磁倾角，求得样品产地的古纬度．本区古纬度比现今纬度低：７．６°－８．２°，６．６°－６．８°，６．０°－６．５°，２．３°－３．４°，０．２°－０．６°．变化由印度板块和太平洋洋壳北推合力所致．     

苍山十八溪的水石流及其防治

云南省苍山十八溪发育十分典型的水石流,流动时表面为高含沙洪水,底部为粗相沙砾和巨石,固液两相离析为非均质两相流。流体具有很大的动能和冲击力,对富绕的苍洱平坝区造成危害。为了治灾除害,保护生态环境,本文对防治目的、治理目标、防治方针与方法,以及实施顺序、程序、方案、技术措施等问题作了阐述。     

从闪长质岩石包体角度探讨太行山——燕山造山带壳幔成矿作用

文中首次从闪长质岩包体的角度讨论了上地幔，中，下地壳成分及岩浆演化过程对成矿作用的影响，指出太行山－燕山造山带成矿作用及其区域成矿规律明显受到壳幔成矿体系的制     

The effect of mountainous topography on moisture exchange between the “surface” and the free atmosphere

Typical numerical weather and climate prediction models apply parameterizations to describe the subgrid-scale exchange of moisture, heat and momentum between the surface and the free atmosphere. To a large degree, the underlying assumptions are based on empirical knowledge obtained from measurements in the atmospheric boundary layer over flat and homogeneous topography. It is, however, still unclear what happens if the topography is complex and steep. Not only is the applicability of classical turbulence schemes questionable in principle over such terrain, but mountains additionally induce vertical fluxes on the meso-γ scale. Examples are thermally or mechanically driven valley winds, which are neither resolved nor parameterized by climate models but nevertheless contribute to vertical exchange. Attempts to quantify these processes and to evaluate their impact on climate simulations have so far been scarce. Here, results from a case study in the Riviera Valley in southern Switzerland are presented. In previous work, measurements from the MAP-Riviera field campaign have been used to evaluate and configure a high-resolution large-eddy simulation code (ARPS). This model is here applied with a horizontal grid spacing of 350 m to detect and quantify the relevant exchange processes between the valley atmosphere (i.e. the ground “surface” in a coarse model) and the free atmosphere aloft. As an example, vertical export of moisture is evaluated for three fair-weather summer days. The simulations show that moisture exchange with the free atmosphere is indeed no longer governed by turbulent motions alone. Other mechanisms become important, such as mass export due to topographic narrowing or the interaction of thermally driven cross-valley circulations. Under certain atmospheric conditions, these topographical-related mechanisms exceed the “classical” turbulent contributions a coarse model would see by several times. The study shows that conventional subgrid-scale parameterizations can indeed be far off from reality if applied over complex topography, and that large-eddy simulations could provide a helpful tool for their improvement.