不同滑坡推力模式下圆截面嵌岩抗滑桩受力特性研究

为分析嵌岩抗滑桩在不同分布模式推力下的变形与内力情况,将基于研究桩-土可分离模型的CPSP解析程序运用于嵌岩圆截面抗滑桩的嵌固段计算,可以计算得到不同推力模式下抗滑桩嵌固段的变形与内力结果。本文将ABAQUS软件的数值模拟结果与CPSP程序的解析计算结果进行了对比,论证了CPSP程序嵌岩圆截面抗滑桩嵌固段计算的适用性。通过改变计算参数,运用CPSP程序计算了嵌岩抗滑桩在均质地基不同分布模式滑坡推力下的桩身位移、剪力、弯矩的分布结果,并总结出最大桩身位移、剪力、弯矩的相关规律。此外,在基于CPSP程序的计算结果上,并且考虑抗滑桩满足滑面处连续条件的情况下,经过解析计算,计算得到不同滑坡推力模式下抗滑桩受荷段的挠度公式,计算得出并对比了不同滑坡推力分布模式下抗滑桩的变形受力结果,分析了滑坡推力分布模式对抗滑桩桩身的变形与内力的影响。     

从卫星图像上认识西藏易贡滑坡

2000-04-09中国西藏波密县扎木弄沟发生了巨型山体崩滑事件,堵江截流形成堰塞湖,最终堰塞湖溃决对下游区域造成了严重的破坏。为分析易贡滑坡发生前后地表长时间演化特征,通过长时序光学遥感影像对易贡滑坡灾前灾后特征进行了解译。结果表明,易贡滑坡灾前沟头危岩体发育,沟内大量碎屑物质堆积,并且滑坡物源区在灾害发生前几个月已存在局部崩塌,处于不稳定状态。进一步使用合成孔径干涉测量（interferometric synthetic aperture radar,InSAR）技术监测了易贡滑坡区域2015—2019年地表形变,结果表明扎木弄沟整体处于稳定状态,但在局部区域探测到6个不稳定形变体,其中位于易贡滑坡滑源区的形变体规模与形变最大,风险较高,建议持续开展监测。     

Assessment of disaster resilience capacity of hillslope communities with high risk for geological hazards

This study presents a novel preparedness assessment method for assessing hazard mitigation and environmental planning of hillslope communities. A professional questionnaire was utilized to weight each indicator. Communities in Hsinchu, Taichung and Nantou counties with debris flow hazards were taken as study samples. Debris flow risk and landslide susceptibility for each community were determined using Geographic Information System (GIS) technology and logistic regression analysis. Thus, a novel risk assessment method for evaluating disaster resilience capacity of hillslope communities was established. This method was then applied to assess casualties caused by Typhoon Herb in 1996 and Typhoon Mindulle in 2004. Additionally, the analytical results generated by this assessment method were discussed with the aim of developing references for implementation of risk analysis, increasing the effectiveness of disaster mitigation, and reducing future loss of life and property.     

A size classification for debris flows

A 10-fold classification for debris flow size is proposed based on total volume, peak discharge and area inundated by debris. Size classes can be used for regional overview studies where detailed site investigations are either unnecessary, too costly or where the highest hazard and risk creeks need to be identified for further study. They are also useful to compare the regional impact between affected areas and the effects of rainstorms, and they allow lay-people to obtain an understanding of debris flow magnitude and consequences. Finally, different size classes allow the estimation of travel times to points of interest based on empirically derived equations. It is proposed that agencies concerned with debris flows should establish a documentation of debris flow size according to this classification, which serves as a data base for hazard and risk planning.     

Application and verification of fuzzy algebraic operators to landslide susceptibility mapping

The aim of this study was to apply and to verify the use of fuzzy logic to landslide susceptibility mapping in the Gangneung area, Korea, using a geographic information system (GIS). For this aim, in the study, a data-derived model (frequency ratio) and a knowledge-derived model (fuzzy operator) were combined. Landslide locations were identified by changing the detection technique of KOMPSAT-1 images and checked by field studies. For landslide susceptibility mapping, maps of the topography, lineaments, soil, forest, and land cover were extracted from the spatial data sets, and the eight factors influencing landslide occurrence were obtained from the database. Using the factors and the identified landslide, the fuzzy membership values were calculated. Then fuzzy algebraic operators were applied to the fuzzy membership values for landslide susceptibility mapping. Finally, the produced map was verified by comparing with existing landslide locations for calculating prediction accuracy. Among the fuzzy operators, in the case in which the gamma operator (λ = 0.975) showed the best accuracy (84.68%) while the case in which the fuzzy or operator was applied showed the worst accuracy (66.50%).     

2D Self-Potential tomographies for studying groundwater flows in the Varco d''Izzo landslide (Basilicata, southern Italy)

A geoelectrical monitoring activity has been carried out to improve the geological and hydrogeological knowledge about the Varco d'Izzo landslide (Potenza, Basilicata, Southern Apennine, Italy), an active rotational–translational slide evolved in earth-flow. In this work we have focused on the Self-Potential (SP) method by applying three different SP measuring techniques and combining modern technologies for data acquisition and new methods for tomographic inversion. A SP map and three static SP tomographies have been carried out to better analyse the groundwater circulation system and to better reconstruct the geometry of the landslide body. In the accumulation zone, which is the area more exposed to the geomorphological activity, a new SP measuring strategy has been applied. This strategy, based on time-continuous 2D SP tomographies, helps identify water flow changes in subsurface by studying the time series of SP tomographic images. The analysis of time-dependent changes of water infiltration in near surface is the key to better understand the hydrogeological processes underlying the ground instability phenomena. The time-lapse analysis of tomographic images has allowed us not only to investigate the correlation between the temporal changes of SP signals and rainfall events, but also to quantify the range of these changes. The modification of the distribution of the SP source accumulation zones is associated with the dynamics of the groundwater flows. These preliminary results allow us to consider the SP tomographic method as a tool for geophysical monitoring of landslide areas and encourage to develop new measuring systems for near-real time applications.     

喜马拉雅山东南地区地质灾害发育规律初步研究

利用遥感手段,结合MapGis,研究了喜马拉雅山东南地区地质灾害的发育情况,发现本区发育的主要地质灾害有滑坡、崩塌、泥石流、冰湖以及堰塞湖。其中崩塌、滑坡、泥石流斜坡地质灾害是本区最重要的地质灾害类型,占到总灾害数量的95.3%。在此基础上对喜马拉雅山东南地区地质灾害发育规律初步研究,发现本区地质灾害的发育在空间上的分布并非均匀,而是具有丛集性的特点。滑坡灾害主要发育在隆子和朗县。泥石流灾害比较严重的有米林、隆子和洛扎3县,而崩塌则主要集中在隆子县。研究发现,本区滑坡发育与地层、地形坡度以及土地类型关系密切,其中修康群、日当组和念青唐古拉群是本区的易滑地层。涅如组由于面积大,其中发育的滑坡较多,但是滑坡的发育率只略高于本区的平均水平。统计表明,16～30的坡度范围是滑坡最容易发生的。大于45以上的坡段很少发生滑坡。灌木林和天然草地这两种土地类型滑坡发育率最高。对于泥石流,研究表明,涅如组中泥石流发育面积最大,发育率也最高。泥石流发育的最适宜坡度也是16～30这样一个坡度范围。冰川和永久积雪区则最易发生泥石流。崩塌发育与地层类型、坡度的关系较为密切,崩塌主要发育在涅如组中,并且集中在坡度大于60以上的陡坡段中。这些初步成果的取得,是以后进行该区地质灾害空间预测的基础。     

珠江三角洲广从断裂东侧"西淋岗断层"成因论证

广从断裂是粤中地区一条重要的北东向基底断裂,对于该断裂在珠江三角洲隐伏段的晚第四纪活动性的认识存在分歧.针对最近在广从断裂东侧佛山市西淋岗发现的断错晚第四纪地层现象,开展了地质地貌调查、探槽揭露、第四系年代测定和浅层人工地震探测等工作.对“西淋岗断层”的几何学特征及与基岩断裂的相关性进行了探测和分析,论证了其成因.“西淋岗断层”是新生的重力滑动面,并不是晚第四纪活动断层,与地震无关.目前尚未发现广从断裂晚第四纪以来活动的地质地貌证据,因此不能说明该断裂具备发生强烈地震的构造能力.     

某工程边坡失稳及稳定性分析

某工程边坡为中型土质滑坡,近似圆弧形,滑坡体分为4级滑面,除其后缘的一级滑面外,其它次级滑面的后缘陷落带宽3～8m不等,主滑方向为240,为牵引式滑坡。失稳的主要原因是开挖边坡和强降雨的影响,其次是支护和排水措施不到位。研究表明,滑坡破坏之前,稳定性系数较低,处于不稳定的状态,受降雨的影响,边坡极易失稳。     

黄土地质灾害影响因素研究

以延安市宝塔区地质灾害详细调查数据为基础,分析了影响黄土滑坡发育的因素,认为沟谷发育期、坡体地质结构、坡体形态等对滑坡的形成、分布、规模和类型具有明显的控制作用,地下水、植被对滑坡形成具有一定的影响,人类工程活动和降水的双重作用是滑坡最主要的诱发因素。