The radiolarian evidence for the accretion of the Fu-saki Formation with the inferred oceanic plate stratigraphy: A case of weakly-metamorphosed accretionary complex in Ishigaki Jima,southern Ryukyu Arc,Japan

The island of Ishigaki Jima, located in the western part of the southern Ryukyu Arc, Japan, is underlain by a basement comprising the Tumuru and Fu-saki formations. The former is a pelitic glaucophane schist with a metamorphic age of 220–190 Ma, and the latter is a weakly metamorphosed accretionary complex, composed mainly of chert, mudstone and sandstone with minor amounts of limestone and mafic rocks. The Fu-saki Formation was weakly metamorphosed at ∼140 Ma. Latest Carboniferous–Early Jurassic microfossils have been obtained from the limestones, cherts and siliceous mudstones of this formation, but no fossils have been collected from the phyllitic mudstones. The radiolarian fauna of the phyllitic mudstones described herein indicates a late Pliensbachian–early Toarcian (Early Jurassic) age. This result, when combined with existing data, enables the reconstruction of an oceanic plate stratigraphy, showing a succession of (in ascending order) Upper Carboniferous–Triassic cherts, Sinemurian–lower Pliensbachian siliceous mudstones and upper Pliensbachian–lower Toarcian phyllitic mudstones and sandstones. The radiolarians from the phyllitic mudstones are important in constraining the timing of the accretion of the Fu-saki Formation to the base of the Tumuru Formation.     

内蒙古中部苏尼特左旗地区早古生代火成岩年代学、地球化学、锆石Hf同位素特征及其构造意义

内蒙古中部苏尼特左旗南东地区出露的早古生代花岗岩类岩石和玄武-安山岩序列,对于限定苏尼特左旗岛弧演化以及兴蒙造山带在该地区的构造演化具有重要意义。花岗岩类岩石主要由花岗闪长岩和花岗岩组成,LA-ICP-MS锆石UPb测年结果显示其形成于晚奥陶世-早志留世(441～449Ma)。花岗岩类岩石表现出高硅(Si O2=69. 60%～77. 36%)、铝(Al_2O_3=12. 70%～15. 40%),低镁(MgO=0. 19%～0. 81%)、铁(Fe2O3=0. 94%～3. 49%)的特征。此外,花岗岩类岩石εHf(t)值介于-0. 81～+5. 64之间,且二阶段模式年龄介于1119～1478Ma之间,这表明其主要来源于新生地壳的部分熔融。玄武-安山岩SiO2含量介于49. 13%～57. 82%之间,并具有较高的镁(MgO=3. 31%～6. 57%)、铁(Fe2O3=6. 54%～9. 63%)含量,且Zr/Hf比值(35. 4～37. 6)与原始地幔相应值接近,再结合该火山岩高铝(Al2O3=16. 77%～18. 34%)、高钠(Na2O=3. 46%～5. 05%)、高Th/Ce比值(0. 12～0. 25)以及Sr正异常等特征,表明其来源于俯冲交代的地幔楔的部分熔融。本次研究的所有火成岩样品均属于钙碱性系列,并表现出富集大离子亲石元素(Rb、Th、K等)和轻稀土元素,亏损高场强元素(Nb、Ta、Ti、P等)的特征。此外,其Rb/Zr比值(0. 07～1. 0)以及Nb(4. 24×10-6～15. 17×10-6)含量与正常大陆弧接近,结合前人已报道的年代学以及地球化学资料,表明苏尼特左旗东南地区早古生代火成岩与古亚洲洋向北的俯冲演化有关。     

Identification of Magma Mixing: A Case Study of the Daocheng Batholith in the Yidun Arc

The Daocheng batholiths, located in the east of the Yidun arc, consist of granite, granodiorite and K-feldspar granite. Abundant massive mafic microgranular enclaves (MMEs) mainly developed within the granodiorite and K-feldspar granite, and they have clear contacts with the hosted granites. The MMEs are characterized by the quartz eye structure, quenched apatite, and plagioclases phenocrysts with obvious oscillatory zones. Petrographical studies on MMEs and host granites, zoned plagioclase and whole-rock geochemical analysis were carried out to identify the presence of magma mixing. Combined with the previous studies on the whole-rock Sr-Nd-Hf isotopic signatures, the petrogenesis of Daocheng batholith was discussed. The zoned plagioclases from MMEs have An contents varying between 29 and 44, while those from the host granites have An contents of 21~50. The compositional variations and corrosion structure of plagioclase are probably related to magma mixing. Geochemically, the MMEs have relatively low SiO₂ contents (56.34~60.91wt%), high Al₂O₃ contents of 16.06~17.98wt%, and are enriched in magnesium and iron, belonging to metalumnious series (A/CNK=0.82~0.98). The Daocheng batholith belongs to high-K calc-alkaline series, which have high alkaline contents (Na₂O+K₂O=6.25~7.79wt%) and low CaO contents (1.40~3.22wt%). Furthermore, both the MMEs and hosted granites are enriched in LILEs (K, Rb and Pb) and LREEs and depleted in HFSEs (Nb, Ta, Zr, Hf, P and Ti), showing affinities of typical arc magmas. Compared with the host granites, the MMEs are characterized by lower (La/Yb)_N ratios of 1.99 to 2.46, and much more obvious Eu depletions (Eu/Eu^*=0.30~0.50). The host granites have Rb/Sr ratios ranging from 1.0 to 1.9, and they are consistent with the crust-derived materials (Rb/Sr>0.5). Their Zr/Hf ratios range from 27.5 to 36.9, which are close to the transitional Zr/Hf ratios between mantle-and crust-derived materials. This indicates that the formation of Daocheng batholith is genetically related to the mixing between mantle-and crust-derived materials. In addition, the relatively low silica contents and high Mg# values, and the linear patterns of MgO, Al₂O₃ and Fe₂O₃ with SiO₂ contents from the MMEs and host granites, show that the formation of MMEs is genetically related to magma mixing. Overall, the parent magmas of Daocheng granites are derived from the partial melting of Late Triassic arc lower crust, with the input of minor mantle-derived materials. The MMEs are generated by the mixing of the mafic magma with felsic magma.     

西天山特克斯北中酸性火成岩地球化学特征及成因意义

新疆西天山特克斯县城北部伊特公路沿线和库勒萨依出露大量中酸性火成岩,伊特公路沿线为石英钠长斑岩,库勒萨依为石英闪长斑岩和花岗闪长斑岩。岩石地球化学和同位素组成研究表明,前者为典型的岛(陆)弧带火成岩,而后者具有埃达克岩的成分特征,两者均为古亚洲洋壳在俯冲过程中岩浆活动的产物。早先俯冲的较冷洋壳板片在深处脱水诱发上覆地幔楔熔融,熔体上升并经历壳幔相互作用等过程引发伊特公路一带弧岩浆活动; 由于洋壳持续俯冲,后来新形成的靠近洋脊的年轻板片由于高热在较浅处直接发生部分熔融形成埃达克岩浆,并上侵至库勒萨依一带。库勒萨依斑岩体SIMS锆石 U-Pb年龄为342.5±2.3Ma,属于早石炭世。两组中酸性火成岩的地球化学特征表明,古亚洲洋(南天山洋)在早石炭世还未完全闭合,洋壳向北的持续俯冲过程造成伊犁-中天山板块南缘广泛的岩浆活动,此时西天山陆壳增生方式主要为侧向增生,增生物质主要为洋壳板片(埃达克岩)和洋壳板片流体交代的地幔楔成分。     

Late Cretaceous calcareous nannofossil and planktonic foraminiferal bioevents of the shallow-marine carbonate platform in the Mitla Pass, west central Sinai, Egypt

The first detailed biostratigraphic analyses of the Coniacian-middle Campanian shallow-marine carbonate successions exposed in the Mitla Pass, west central Sinai, Egypt have revealed the stratigraphic distribution of diverse calcareous nannofossil and planktonic foraminiferal species. Thirty-six calcareous nannofossils and thirty-two planktonic foraminifera are identified, indicating a Coniacian to middle Campanian age and four Tethyan planktonic foraminiferal and five calcareous nannofossil zones. A comparison of these bioevents from different palaeolatitudes shows considerable variation in age.Three sequence boundaries coincident with the Turonian/Coniacian, Coniacian/Santonian and Santonian/Campanian stage boundaries are recognized. A fourth sequence boundary is marked by a major upper Campanian to early Ypresian (early Eocene) unconformity. These sequence boundaries are primarily related to regional tectonism associated with the Syrian Arc Fold System and secondarily to eustatic sea-level fluctuations.     

Late Ordovician to early Silurian calc-alkaline magmatism in the Xiemisitai Mountains,northern West Junggar: a response to the subduction of the Junggar-Balkhash Ocean

Basement exposed in the Placer de Guadalupe–Plomosas uplift in northern Mexico provides important clues for the geologic evolution of the region. The stratigraphic units form stacked thrust sheets of psammitic and calcareous formations, interlayered with magmatic rock. The eastern calcareous and quartzite formations exhibit structures associated with ductile deformation, whereas the upper stratigraphic units only contain structures formed via younger brittle deformation. Porphyry interlayered in the upper Plomosas Formation has a U-Pb zircon age of 171 ± 1 Ma. This age is consistent with its stratigraphic position, interbedded quartzarenites with a maximum depositional age of ~168 Ma. Granite flakes within the Horquilla Formation are dated at 209 ± 3 Ma, and the La Viñata quartzite exhibits a maximum age of ~193 Ma. The Upper Plomosas Formation correlates well with the arc-related Middle Jurassic Nazas Formation of northeastern Mexico, constituting the first report of a Jurassic continental margin arc outcrop in the ‘Central Mexican Gap zone’. We document Late Norian to Bajocian ages for the stratigraphic units cropping out in the Placer de Guadalupe area. The Jurassic age cluster indicates that the Nazas Arc magmatism in the region occurred during the Late Triassic and ended in the Middle Jurassic times. Permian ages previously assigned to these rocks and the occurrence of a Permo–Triassic deformation event have to be dismissed.     

Shallow submarine volcano group in the early stage of island arc development: Geology and petrology of small islands south off Hahajima main island,the Ogasawara Islands

Small Islands south off Hahajima, the southernmost of the Ogasawara Archipelago, consist of primitive basalts (<12 wt.% MgO) to dacite erupted during the transitional stage immediately following boninite volcanism on the incipient arc to sustained typical oceanic arc. Strombolian to Hawaiian fissure eruptions occurring on independent volcanic centers for the individual islands under a shallow sea produced magnesian basalt to dacite fall-out tephras, hyaloclastite and a small volume of pillow lava, which were intruded by NE-trending dikes. These volcanic strata are correlated to the upper part (<40 Ma) of the Hahajima main island. Volcanic rock samples have slightly lower FeO^*/MgO ratios than the present volcanic front lavas, and are divided into three types with high, medium and low La/Yb ratios. Basalt to dacite of high- and medium-La/Yb types show both tholeiitic (TH) and calc-alkaline (CA) differentiation trends. Low-La/Yb type belongs only to TH basalt. The multiple magma types are coexistence on the each island. TH basalts have phenocrysts of olivine, clinopyroxene and plagioclase, while CA basalts are free from plagioclase phenocrysts.     

Geochemical fingerprint of the primary magma composition in the marine tephras originated from the Baegdusan and Ulleung volcanoes

The intraplate Baegdusan (Changbai) and Ulleung volcanoes located on the border of China, North Korea, and East/Japan Sea, respectively, have been explained by appeals to both hotspots and asthenospheric mantle upwelling (wet plume) caused by the stagnant Pacific plate. To understand the origin of the Baegdusan and Ulleung volcanism, we performed geochemical analyses on the tephra deposits in the East/Japan Sea basins originating from the Baegdusan and Ulleung volcanoes. The volcanic glass in the tephra from the Baegdusan and Ulleung volcanoes ranged from alkaline trachyte to peralkaline rhyolite and from phonolite to trachyte, respectively. The tephra from the two intraplate volcanoes showed highly enriched incompatible elements, such as Tb, Nb, Hf, and Ta, distinct from those of the ordinary arc volcanoes of the Japanese islands. The straddle distribution of the Th/Yb and Ta/Yb ratios of the tephra deposits from the Baegdusan volcano may originate from the alkali basaltic magma resulting from mixing between the wet plume from the stagnant Pacific plate in the transition zone and the overlying shallow asthenospheric mantle. In contrast, the deposits from the Ulleung volcano show a minor contribution of the stagnant slab to the basaltic magma, implying either partial melting of a more enriched mantle, smaller degrees of partial melting of a garnet-bearing mantle source, or a combination of both processes as the magma genesis. Our study indicated that the Baegdusan and Ulleung volcanoes have different magma sources and evolutionary histories.     

玛曲格尔珂金矿田旋涡状构造及其控矿作用

玛曲格尔珂金矿田位于青藏高原北东部,主要包括大水、格尔托和贡北三个金矿床,成矿作用受印支-燕山期构造活动的控制。本项研究识别出区内存在的旋涡状构造,它与金矿田的成矿作用关系密切,二者的规模与分布范围吻合,直径达4500m左右。中心部大理岩化白云岩和深部可能存在的隐伏岩体,构成旋涡状构造的砥柱。旋涡状构造包括6个放射状弧形旋回层,其中南部4个旋回层的的旋扭面(弧形断裂)凸向W-NW,属于张性结构面;北部2个旋回层的旋扭面凸向NE,为压性断裂,从而可认为旋涡状构造是由2个性质不同的旋扭构造所构成。在ETM遥感影像图和地形图上,旋涡状构造清晰可见,地势较高,桔黄色旋回层正地形与深蓝色负地形带相间,砥柱区高峰4000m,相对高差500m。旋回层内的石英闪长岩脉产状与旋扭面一致。贡北、大水和格尔珂金矿床分别位于旋涡状构造编号为1,4和6的NW向旋回层、NE向旋回层和SE向旋回层,这3个旋回层宽度较大,平面上构成了旋涡构造的主体。旋涡状构造的张性结构面成为容矿构造,所以,具张性旋扭特征的南部旋回层,其旋扭面是主要的容矿构造;而具压性特点的北部旋回层,容矿构造与旋扭面相交。依据旋涡状构造的控矿特性,预测区内其它旋回层的扩容区或张性结构面具有较好的找矿远景。     

弧地壳深部岩浆结晶分异过程:来自中祁连西段哈马尔达坂杂岩体的年代学、地球化学和热力学模拟研究SCIEI北大核心CSCD

俯冲带弧岩浆分异是大陆地壳形成的主要过程,对研究大陆地壳的演化与生长机制具有重要意义。本文通过对中祁连弧地体西段盐池湾地区的哈马尔达坂杂岩体进行野外地质、地球化学、年代学和热力学模拟研究,来讨论弧岩浆分异过程。哈马尔达坂杂岩体主要存在两类岩石类型:镁铁质-超镁铁质堆晶岩(包括辉石角闪石岩、角闪辉长岩和角闪石岩)和闪长岩类(包括闪长岩、石英闪长岩)。锆石U-Pb定年结果显示辉石角闪石岩的形成时代为473±1Ma,与相邻高钾岛弧玄武岩的形成时代一致。哈马尔达坂杂岩体与高钾岛弧玄武岩具有相似的全岩Sr-Nd-Hf同位素组成,(^(87)Sr/^(86)Sr)_(i)比值在0.7035~0.7053之间,ε_(Nd)(t)=+3.9~+5.1,ε_(Hf)(t)=+10.8~+13.1,表明它们来自同一岩浆源区。结合野外地质关系与岩石地球化学特征,推测该侵入杂岩体的原始熔体为相邻的高钾玄武质弧岩浆。岩石学和地球化学特征表明:闪长岩类是来源于受沉积物熔体交代的俯冲带地幔楔部分熔融形成的原始玄武质岩浆在中下地壳发生(以角闪石为主)结晶分异的产物;镁铁质-超镁铁质岩石具有堆晶结构,地球化学特征呈现富铁贫硅的特征,具有较高的MgO含量(6.19%~14.29%,Mg^(#)=52.3~74.6),代表原始玄武质岩浆分离结晶形成的堆晶体。热力学模拟计算与实验岩石学资料对比,进一步说明该杂岩体中的闪长岩是玄武质岩浆在中压(约0.7GPa)和氧逸度为NNO+1的条件下、发生50%~67%分离结晶的产物。闪长岩类与镁铁质-超镁铁质堆晶岩具有相似的矿物结晶顺序与全岩同位素组成,指示它们具有发生分离结晶作用的互补成分特征,分别代表了玄武质岩浆分离结晶后的衍生熔体和堆晶岩。因此,本文研究表明角闪石分异是弧岩浆分异的主要机制,它导致富SiO_(2)熔体的形成,推动岩浆成分向富硅的方向演变,从而产生新生的安山质地壳。