福建连城汤头地热资源特点及其开发利用前景

简要介绍了连城县汽头地热的地质概况及地下热水资源特征,探讨了该区地下热水的成因,并提出合理开发利用的建议。     

基于机器学习的稀疏样本下的土壤有机质估算方法

采用GRNN（Generalized Regression Neural Network）和RF（Random Forest）2种机器学习方法构建土壤有机质预测模型,以提高稀疏样本情况下的土壤有机质估算精度。依据北京市大兴区农用地2007年的土壤有机质采样数据,按MMSD准则（Minimization of the Mean of the Shortest Distances）抽稀为8种不同采样密度的样本（分别为2703、1352、676、339、169、85、43、22个样本）,分别采用GRNN、RF和Ordinary kriging对各采样密度下的未知采样点进行预测,采用交叉检验的方式验证各采样密度下未知样点的预测精度。随着采样点密度的下降,样点间的空间自相关性逐渐减弱,半变异函数的拟和精度变差,预测点结果误差增大,预测的置信度降低。当抽稀到43个和22个采样点时,样点间的空间自相关性接近歼灭,半变异函数的决定系数较低且残差较大。普通克里格受到采样点数量和采样密度、样点的空间结构的影响比较明显,其预测精度随采样点数量的下降而下降。在85个采样点及以下时,其预测值与观测值之间没有显著的相关性。GRNN和RF的预测精度受采样密度的影响不大,其预测精度在一个较小的范围内波动,其预测值围绕观测值在一定阈值空间内震荡波动,具有较好的相关性,在85个及以下的采样密度时,预测精度相对普通克里格有较大的提升。普通克里格法不适合在稀疏样本条件下空间插值计算,尤其是在空间自相关性比较弱的情况下。机器学习模型能充分学习土壤间环境信息、样点空间邻近效应信息,兼顾属性相似性和空间自相关,具有更好的稳定性和适应性,不容易受到采样点数量、构型和采样密度等因素的影响,即使在采样点空间自相关性很弱的情况下也能做出稳定预测精度。     

Spatial pattern of rural settlements in the upper reaches of the Minjiang River

A quantitative analysis of the spatial pattern of rural settlements in the upper reaches of the Minjiang River was made with the major data sources being the relevant ETM image and the national geographical database of China (including contour line, river and road) at the scale of 1:250 000, and using image interpretation and field investigation to obtain spatial information on rural settlements. The results of the spatial analysis technique of GIS and correlation analysis showed that most settlements (78.2 %) were located in the mountain area at 1500 ∼ 2700 m altitude, and almost half in the arid valley area. More than 80.0 % of settlements had their slopes above 15°. Most settlements had good access to water resources, roads and communications, and tended to cluster close to the road network rather than the river. About half of the rural settlements in the study area were relatively concentrated, while the others were decentralized. Those with higher altitude usually had land with steep slope, inconvenient water and road accesses, and were located far apart from each other. In view of such a situation, further research should be done to make reasonable countermeasures on these settlements for better living conditions and ecosystem stability.     

论浙江安吉矿产资源开发保护规划与区域经济的可持续发展

安吉县矿产资源开发利用与保护规划工作在我省开展比较早 ,规划的组织实施在国发经济建设和社会发展中已发挥出较好的作用。在参与安吉地区农业生态环境地质调查过程中 ,结合资源环境的调查评价 ,在整顿矿业秩序 ,改善和修复矿山生态环境 ,矿山地质灾害调查防治等方面做了些尝试。本文就资源环境的开发保护 ,矿业经济与区域经济可持续发展方面作些探讨 ,对于正在进行或将要进行规划和实施规划的地区具一定借鉴意义     

Landscape Dynamics and Driving Factors in Da＇an County of Jilin Province in Northeast China During 1956-2000

The landscape pattern of Da＇an County, Northeast China has undergone significant changes since the 1950s as a result of climatic change and human activities. The aim of this paper is to quantitatively study landscape pattern and its spatial dynamics of Da＇an County at the landscape level over the nearly 50-year span. Patch dynamics were examined according to land use and land cover change processes built from a series of images, as well as topographic maps, and temporal patterns built from landscape pattern metrics. The transition matrix of landscape patch types and changes of various landscape metrics were applied. The results showed that, from 1956 to 2000, the landscape within the study area had undertaken a complicated evolution in landscape structure and composition. The outstanding characteristic is that saline-alkali land increased and grassland decreased. As some smaller patches amalgamated, the heterogeneity of patch decreased. All those changes were the synthetic result of both climatic and anthropogenic influences, but the predominant factor was different in different parts. In the southern part of the study area, the landscape pattern changes resulted from the modification of climate obviously, while in the northern part, the landscape pattern changes were mainly caused by human activities, such as the conversion between farmland and saline-alkali land. This phenomenon showed that human activities played more important role in the north than in the south of Da＇an County.     

从观鱼看庄子哲学的主旨

《庄子·秋水》篇中有一则庄、惠“濠梁观鱼”的故事 ,比较典型地表现了庄子的认识论思想 ,从审美的方法入手 ,在境界的意义上来看待 ,庄子哲学实质上是一种审美化的哲学 ,注重的是宇宙与人合二而一的本体论 ,即审美之“境”。     

基于深度学习的滑坡灾害易发性分析

滑坡灾害成因机理复杂、影响因素众多,深度学习作为当前人工智能领域的热点,能够更好地模拟滑坡灾害的形成并准确预测潜在的斜坡。为了挖掘深度学习在滑坡易发性的应用潜能,本文构建了一维、二维和三维的滑坡数据表达形式,并提出3种基于卷积神经网络模型（Convolutional Neural Networks, CNN）的滑坡易发性分析处理框架：基于CNN分类器、基于CNN与逻辑回归的融合和基于CNN集成,最后以江西省铅山县为研究对象进行验证,结果表明：所有基于CNN的易发性模型都能够获得准确且可靠的滑坡易发性分析结果。其中,基于二维数据的CNN模型在所有单分类器中预测精度最高,为78.95%。此外,二维CNN特征提取能够显著提升逻辑回归的预测精度,其准确率提升7.9%。最后,异质集成策略能够大幅度提升基于CNN分类器的滑坡预测精度,其准确率提升4.35%~8.78%。     

基于Google Earth Engine和NDVI时序差异指数的作物种植区提取

为提高农作物种植信息遥感监测的效率,扩展数据适用范围,本文提出了一种基于时间序列NDVI差异指数的作物种植区提取方法.随着海量遥感与云计算的发展,Google Earth Engine作为一个全球尺度地理空间分析云平台,弥补了单机计算耗时长的不足,为快速遥感分类带来了新机遇.基于Google Earth Engine平...     

汶川特大地震后安县疫情的地理流行病学分析方法

在分析汶川特大地震后安县2008年5~7月份的流行病学数据的过程中,作者探索了安县震后疫情地理分布、疾病构成、易感人群及其时序变化等特征的地理流行病学方法,并给出了有关专题地图、过程曲线和统计表格。它们能够形象、直观、准确地反映安县震后的疫情态势地理分布,进而使防控工作有的放矢、对症下药,收到事半功倍的效果。在此基础上,作者分析了地理流行病学方法的固有优势、实施关键、应用模式,以及今后的防治方向。为确保震后疫情流行病学数据在空间性、时效性和完整性上的质量,今后对地理流行病学方法的研究,应该从目前的疫情现状描述层次,尽快地向疫情分析预测、防控决策支持等层次延伸。