旋回地层学理论基础、研究进展和展望

在过去30余年中旋回地层学研究得到了极大发展, 对理解和解决地球科学领域众多科学问题做出了很大贡献.旋回地层学(Cyclostratigraphy)已被定义为"对地层记录的(准)周期性旋回变化进行识别、描述、对比和成因解释, 并将其应用于地质年代学以提高地层年代框架的精度和分辨率, 实现地层高精度划分与对比的一门地层学分支学科".能够反映古气候变化的岩性、岩相、地球物理和地球化学参数(即古气候替代指标)均可用于旋回地层学分析.通过岩性组合识别、频谱分析、连续窗口频谱分析、小波分析、滤波和调谐等方法可进行识别米兰科维奇旋回信号和建立高精度天文年代标尺.中国学者在北方黄土剖面、南海新近纪海相沉积、古生代海相沉积和部分中新生代陆相沉积中获得了良好的旋回地层学研究成果.对中国东北松辽盆地陆相白垩系和华南海相二叠系乐平统—中三叠统开展旋回地层学研究有望取得重要突破.      

钱塘江河口盐度数值模拟

强潮河口盐水入侵对饮用水源地危害极大。基于平面二维水动力盐度模型, 对典型强潮河口—钱塘江的水动力及盐水入侵过程进行了数值模拟研究。结果表明枯水径流时盐度变化与潮位过程曲线类似, 潮差对盐度大小影响显著, 径流量的增加将逐渐减小其相似程度。当流量增加到一定程度后, 继续增加的一定径流量所产生的抑咸效果减弱, 水资源有效利用率降低, 此时允许水源地盐度超标并改从蓄淡避咸水库取水可有效节约水资源。盐度平面分布显示, 盐水入侵在强潮河口弯道处受涨潮流主流线影响明显, 靠近主流线一岸的盐度大于对岸, 单从盐水入侵角度考虑, 强潮河口弯道段的取水口应设置在远离涨潮流主流线一岸。钱塘江河口盐度数值模拟对于研究减轻盐水入侵对水源地危害的措施具有指导意义。     

黄东海表层沉积物中磷的赋存形态和分布特征及其对生态系统的潜在影响

For better understanding the phosphorus(P) cycle and its impacts on one of the most important fishing grounds and pressures on the marine ecosystem in the Yellow Sea(YS) and East China Sea(ECS), it is essential to distinguish the contents of different P speciation in sediments and have the knowledge of its distribution and bioavailability. In this study, the modified SEDEX procedure was employed to quantify the different forms of P in sediments. The contents of phosphorus fractions in surface sediments were 0.20–0.89 μmol/g for exchangeable-P(Exch-P), 0.37–2.86 μmol/g for Fe-bound P(Fe-P), 0.61–3.07 μmol/g for authigenic Ca-P(ACa-P), 6.39–13.73μmol/g for detrital-P(DAP) and 0.54–10.06 μmol/g for organic P(OP). The distribution of Exch-P, Fe-P and OP seemed to be similar. The concentrations of Exch-P, Fe-P and OP were slightly higher in the Yellow Sea than that in the East China Sea, and low concentrations could be observed in the middle part of the ECS and southwest off Cheju Island. The distribution of ACa-P was different from those of Exch-P, Fe-P and OP. DAP was the major fraction of sedimentary P in the research region. The sum of Exch-P, Fe-P and OP may be thought to be potentially bioavailable P in the research region. The percentage of bioavailable P in TP ranged from 13% to 61%. Bioavailable P burial flux that appeared regional differences was affected by sedimentation rates, porosity and bioavailable P content, and the distribution of bioavailable P burial flux were almost the same as that of TP burial flux.     

运城盆地11 kaBP以来气候环境变迁与湖面波动

通过黄土区湖泊沉积研究来恢复古气候、古环境，是对黄土区古气候、古环境研究的补充和检验。通过山西运城盆地硝地湖泊沉积物的多环境代用指标分析，结合史料记载，探讨了该地区11kaBP以来古气候演化和湖面波动的历史。结果表明，该地区存在YD（Younger Dryas）事件，进入全新世后气候有显著的趋势，最高湿润度发生在7．88－5．15和5kaBP后，气候逐渐变干，湖面波动与气候波动相关，全新世早期湖面开始上升，湖泊扩张，5kaBP后湖泊萎缩，盐类结晶析出。     

Formation and deformation processes of late Paleogene sedimentary basins in southern central Hokkaido,Japan: Paleomagnetic and numerical modeling approach

Formation and deformation processes of the late Paleogene sedimentary basins related to a strike–slip fault system in southern central Hokkaido are described by a combination of paleomagnetic study and numerical analysis. After correction of the Miocene counter‐clockwise rotation associated with back‐arc opening of the Japan Sea, paleomagnetic declination data obtained from surface outcrops in the Umaoi and Yubari areas show significant easterly deflections. Although complicated differential rotation is anticipated as a result of recent thrust movements, clockwise rotation in the study areas is closely linked with development of the Paleogene Minami‐naganuma Basin as a pull‐apart depression along the north–south fault system. Numerical modeling suggests that 30 km of strike–slip is required to restore the distribution and volume of the Minami‐naganuma Basin. The relative slip rate on the long‐standing fault system is about 10 mm/yr, which corresponds to global‐scale plate motion. It has inevitably caused regional rearrangement of the eastern Eurasian margin. A rotation field simulated by simplified dextral motion using dislocation modeling basically accords with the paleomagnetic data around the pull‐apart basin.     

Reservoir Diagenesis Sequence and Framework in Intracontinent Rift Basin,East China

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亚太地区油气成藏条件及资源潜力

亚太地区是全球重要的油气产区和最大的油气消费市场。亚太地区155个主要沉积盆地中,已有90多个盆地内发现了油气田或有油气发现,共发现油气田约6 900个。根据地理位置及构造特征等,亚太地区可进一步分为东亚分区、东南亚分区、澳新分区和南亚分区,约有131个主要的含油气系统。本文对亚太地区不同分区的油气成藏条件(包括烃源岩、储集层、盖层、含油气系统等)进行了总体分析与高度概括。在此基础上,以成藏组合为基本评价单元,不同勘探程度盆地采用与之相适应的评价方法,对本地区各盆地的油气资源潜力进行了评价。评价结果表明:亚太地区常规总油气可采资源量为673.7×10⁸ t油当量,占全球的6.1%,非常规油气资源类型以重油、页岩油、油页岩、页岩气、煤层气为主,非常规油气技术总可采资源量390.4×10⁸ t当量,占全球非常规油气技术总可采资源量的6.1%。根据待发现资源结果及盆地勘探程度,近海和深海勘探是将来的勘探热点:主要勘探领域为深海和成熟盆地新层系及岩性-地层圈闭等;海相三角洲体系是寻找天然气田的重要领域;东南亚弧后盆地群新生界湖相是页岩油的有利勘探领域;澳大利亚中部克拉通盆地群泥盆系-石炭系为页岩气的有利勘探领域。     

鄂尔多斯深盆气与铀矿化关系初探

深盆气是非常规的天然气藏。鄂尔多斯深盆气与铀矿化有密切关系，上古生界气源层铀含量丰富、易浸出，故也为铀源层。在铀源层成岩时所形成的压榨水(即深层水)，经燕山期热事件快速增温增压，使铀的溶解度大大增加。此时也正是盆地生气高峰期，气压远远大于水压，气体推动深层水沿断裂向上扩散。在上覆透水层，由于地表水的参与形成复杂的气水地球化学垒，使铀沉积成矿。本文还总结了该类型铀矿的找矿准则。     

呼和浩特—包头盆地震源应力场状态分析

为了分析呼和浩特—包头盆地现今应力场状态,基于内蒙古地震台网记录的地震波形资料,运用振幅比方法获取2000—2016年该盆地及周边M_L≥2.7地震的震源机制解,计算其一致性参数,并反演区域应力场。结果表明,震源机制解特征主要表现为走滑特征,一致性参数空间分布处于低值状态,力轴方位基本与该区的应力场背景特征相符,即主压应力方位为北东、张应力方位为北西。     

2001—2020年黄河流域植被覆盖变化及其影响因素

基于MODIS NDVI植被指数和气象数据集,以集合经验模态分解、趋势分析和随机森林回归分析等方法,分析了黄河流域2001—2020年植被覆盖时空变化特征,并对其气候驱动因素进行探讨。结果表明：（1）2001—2020年黄河流域植被覆盖整体呈显著增长趋势,增速为0.055/10a （P<0.05）,2010年之前增速（0.067/10a）大于2010年之后的增速（0.051/10a）。（2）空间上,植被覆盖增加区域主要分布在陕北黄土高原、甘肃省东南部、内蒙古自治区河套平原等退耕还林还草生态工程实施区域,而植被覆盖显著下降区域则集中在关中平原城市群、黄淮海平原以及青藏高原等区域。（3）气温、降水和CO₂浓度等对黄河流域植被生长起到正向促进作用,且绝对敏感性依次降低,而大气饱和水汽压差、太阳辐射等对植被生长起到抑制作用。本研究结果可为评估气候变化对黄河流域植被覆盖变化的综合影响提供参考依据。