基于二次散射的水污染遥感模型及其在珠江口水域的应用

根据水中悬浮物、污染物和水分子等的散射和吸收物理机制建模是实现水污染定量遥感的有效途径.基于一次散射的水污染遥感模型简单易行,但在浑浊度较大时其精度不高.在基于一次散射模型的基础上分析了多次散射的能量组成特点,提出再考虑二次散射可使模型的精度显著提高且不至于使模型过于复杂;导出了二次散射的补偿因子,同时给出了考虑二次散射因子的简单计算方法.将该模型应用于珠江口水域的水污染遥感的结果表明,较之基于一次散射的模型,考虑二次散射的水污染遥感模型在精度上有明显改进.遥感提取结果显示,珠江口水域重污染区主要分布在伶仃洋东北部,香港维多利亚港和深圳湾.     

珠江口盆地基底结构的综合地球物理研究

通过对珠江口盆地重磁资料的分析处理及反演计算，依据盆地的地质、地球物理特征，采取了针对性的综合地球物理研究思路与方法，对地震资料难以解决的珠江口盆地基底结构进行了研究，确定了盆地的重力和磁性基底深度，并对盆地内的断裂和基底岩性作了推断，提供了新的认识，为今后研究提供了依据。     

泥石流平面形态的统计分析

泥石流扇的平面形态可用规划的几何图形来模拟。在研究了中国西南地区小江流域和意大利东北部阿尔卑斯山区的５２个泥石流扇的基础上，本文提出了两种泥石流扇的平面形态：中国西南地区的“等腰三角形＋半圆形”泥石流扇和意大利东北部的“几何扇”。用统计分析建立了两组泥石流扇和泥石流流域之间的形态度量关系。通过两个研究区域的对比，两个流域参数：流域面积和主沟比降确定为影响泥石流扇平面形态和面积的最重要的因素。     

浙江南部海域富营养化和赤潮的探讨

本文探讨了浙江南部海域1990年春季发生赤潮期间的水化学特征和富营养化状况,及与赤潮生物的线性回归关系。分析结果表明,该海域出现高营养盐以至形成富营养化乃是江浙沿岸流和瓯江等河流径流及远岸区盐度锋辐聚的综合影响的结果。根据回归分析,NO_3-N,SiO_3-Si与浮游植物细胞密度之间存在着较为显著的负相关。亦即N,Si和高N/P比(35:1左右)可能是导致浮游植物(夜光藻)异常增殖的重要因素。     

渤、黄、东海内潮的数值模拟

在全球的海洋中,中国东海和临近海域是最显著的内潮生成地之一。本文采用NODC(Levitus) World Ocean Atlas 1998提供的季平均温、盐资料,计算海水的密度,并计算垂向密度梯度的最大值点,得到一个较符合海水实际的密度分层。使用三维非线性数值模型(将海洋分为2层)研究了潮汐(M2,S2,K1,O1分潮)作用下渤黄东海的内潮,揭示了整个海区内潮起伏的空间分布,结果发现大振幅的波动均发生在台湾东北(冲绳海槽)海域和中国近海地形突变之处,其中前者更显著。对于各分潮模拟得到的表面潮与TOPEX/Poseidon高度计资料基本一致。研究结果表明上层海水的深度和厚度的梯度对内潮有一定的影响;冬季分布区域比夏季小,强度比夏季大。     

Bulk particulate organic carbon in the East China Sea: Tidal influence and bottom transport

Five oceanographic surveys were carried out in the East China Sea (ECS) and Yellow Sea from 1999 to 2003. In all, seven different sections were surveyed, but one section (the PN section) was observed on every cruise. Two time-series stations were also surveyed, one located at the Changjiang River mouth, the other over the continental shelf in the PN section.We identified biogeochemical characteristics for waters close to the Changjiang Estuary and in the Kuroshio waters (KW), respectively. Resuspension is a strong feature near bottom over the ECS continental shelf, with suspended matter values 13 times higher than that for the surface. A model of particulate organic carbon (POC) dynamics based on a rectangle equation reveals that POC concentration close to the Changjiang Estuary varies with a semidiurnal period of ∼13 h, coinciding with the tidal period. The upper limit for POC residence times in the seasons we covered over the shelf are estimated to be on the order of weeks and generally increase seaward from near the Changjiang Estuary to the KW. Short POC residence times suggest that POC in the ECS is rapidly exported from euphotic waters.A nepheloid layer, observed as elevated suspended matter in near the bottom of the water column, is important in particle transfer over the shelf, especially in winter when the residual current flows mainly eastward. Cross-shelf transport of POC via the nepheloid layer is estimated to be 0.22 × 10¹² g yr⁻¹. Comparison with other work indicates that POC transport is ∼2% of the Changjiang POC input.     

黄海多毛类异毛虫科初步研究

本文对1987～1988年在山东省部分海岛底栖生物调查时发现的异毛虫科5个种进行了详细的描述并配有插图,其中一种为新亚种,另有3个种在我国为首次记录。     

Temporal and spatial variations in the biogeochemical cycling of cobalt in two urban estuaries: Hudson River Estuary and San Francisco Bay

Despite the fact that Co is an essential trace element for the growth of marine phytoplankton, there is very limited information on the cycling of this trace metal in the marine environment. We report here the distribution of dissolved (<0.4 μm) and particulate (>0.4 μm) Co in surface waters of the Hudson River Estuary (HRE) and San Francisco Bay (SFB). Samples were collected during several cruises (from 1990 to 1995 in SFB and from 1995 to 1997 in the HRE) along the whole salinity gradient. Dissolved Co concentrations (mean±1 standard deviation) were nearly identical in magnitude in both estuaries despite differences in climate, hydrography, riverine-flow conditions and land-usage (HRE=0.91±0.61 nM; SFB=1.12±0.69 nM). Dissolved Co levels in each system showed non-conservative distributions when plotted as a function of salinity, with increasing concentrations downstream from the riverine end-members. Desorption from suspended particulates and sewage inputs, therefore, seems to be the major processes responsible for the non-conservative behavior of Co observed. Mass balance estimates also indicated that most of the estuarine Co is exported out of both estuaries, indicating that they and other estuarine systems are principal sources of this essential trace element to the open ocean.     

珠江河口西南风强迫下潮流场的数值模拟

采用Backhaus三维斜压模型模拟了均匀西南风场对珠江口近岸海域的影响，并与无风情况作了对比；通过对珠江河口盐度场及风生环流的分析比较，结果表明，模型较为真实地再现了夏季珠江河口的水动力学特性。     

风暴期间黄河水下三角洲波浪变形

为确定适用黄河三角洲的波动理论，对黄河三角洲风暴期间及前后波浪连续观测资料进行了处理，将其投在komar波浪理论分区图中后，分析了风暴期间黄河水下三角洲波浪的波形特征，发现站位所在地适合的波浪理论主要为艾里波和斯托克斯波，风暴期间波浪变形，还存在少量超过极限波陡线的波浪，通过比较常见的极限波陡线，看出Miche曲线比较适合该研究区。