The Relationship between Jurassic Coal Measures and Sandstone-type Uranium Deposits in the Northeastern Ordos Basin, China

Outcrop and drill hole data show that the Jurassic coal measures in the northeastern Ordos Basin are composed mainly of the Yan'an Formation and the lowstand system tract of the Zhiluo Formation,and there is a regional unconformity between them. The Dongsheng uranium deposit is associated with the Jurassic coal measures. Research data indicate that the Jurassic coal measures in the study area have a certain hydrocarbon-generating capacity,although the metamorphic grade is low(Ro=0.40%–0.58%). In the Dongsheng region alone,the accumulative amount of generated coalbed methane(CBM) is about 2028.29 × 108 –2218.72 × 108 m~3; the residual amount is about 50.92 × 108 m~3,and the lost amount is about 1977 × 108 m~3. Analysis of the burial history of the host rocks and the evolutionary history of the Dongsheng uranium deposit suggests that the Jurassic coal measures generated hydrocarbon mainly from Middle Jurassic to Early Crataceous,which is the main mineralization phase of the Dongsheng uranium deposit. By the Late Cretaceous,a mass of CBM dissipated due to the strong tectonic uplift,and the Dongsheng uranium deposit stepped into the preservation phase. Therefore,the low-mature hydrocarbon-containing fluid in the Jurassic coal measures not only served as a reducing agent for the formation of sandstone-type uranium deposits,but also rendered the second reduction of paleo-interlayer oxidation zone and become the primary reducing agent for ore conservation. Regional strata correlation reveals that the sandstone-type uranium reservoir at the bottom of the Zhiluo Formation is in contact with the underlying industrial coal seams in the Yan'an Formation through incision or in the form of an unconformity surface. In the Dongsheng region with poorly developed fault systems,the unconformity surface and scour surface served as the main migration pathways for low-mature hydrocarbon-containing fluid migrating to the uranium reservoir.     

四川观音梁子锰矿床地质特征及找矿意义

观音梁子锰矿赋存于寒武系邱家河组中,是龙门山中段在邱家河组中新发现的工业锰矿床。通过矿区勘探工作及室内观察、测试等手段,对矿区成矿地质背景、含锰岩系、矿体及矿石矿物特征、矿床成因、找矿前景等方面进行了初步总结分析。研究发现,观音梁子锰矿为典型的沉积型锰矿床,矿体呈层状产于邱家河组三段硅质白云岩中,延伸较稳定,严格受层位的控制;矿石类型为菱锰矿型,主要由菱锰矿、硫锰矿、水锰矿等组成。早寒武世,龙门山地区由于地壳拉张裂陷形成深海盆地,在还原环境下,锰元素与碳酸根直接结合形成碳酸锰矿物,稳定的物源、深海还原环境为锰矿富集提供了有利的成矿环境。观音梁子锰矿的发现,证实了龙门山北段邱家河组含锰层位的存在,为龙门山中段的锰矿找矿提供了契机,同时显示了寒武系邱家河组具有良好的找锰远景。     

莺歌海盆地黄流组二段碎屑锆石年龄与储层物源分析

莺歌海盆地位于昆嵩隆起和海南隆起之间的南海西北部海域,是发育在南海北部大陆架西区的新生代含油气盆地。黄流组二段作为优质的天然气储层,其物源特征一直是当前研究的重要课题。本文利用LA-ICP-MS定年技术对莺歌海盆地四个不同局部构造区的上中新统黄流组二段沉积岩中碎屑锆石进行了U-Pb同位素分析。结果显示,东方构造区(DF13)和海口构造区(HK29)年龄频谱相似,有40~34 Ma、154~139 Ma、245~241 Ma、416~394 Ma和2191~1772 Ma几个主要年龄峰或年龄区间,与区域上的几次构造事件密切相关。结合盆地周边区域地质特征,应用地震沉积学、重矿物和Sr-Nd同位素等资料,发现这两个构造区均以红河物源为主,但后者受盆地东侧海南隆起的物源影响较大。莲花构造区(L1X)年龄频谱相对简单,有247 Ma一个主要年龄峰,431 Ma、935 Ma和1851 Ma三个次要峰,缺少喜山期和燕山期锆石年龄,物源可能主要来自盆地西侧的昆嵩隆起;岭头构造区(LT11)有99 Ma和234 Ma两个主要年龄峰,157 Ma和939 Ma两个次要峰,其物源以海南隆起为主,同时有部分红河物源的加入。通过碎屑锆石年代学分析,对莺歌海盆地黄流组二段储层物源特征有了更清楚的认识,为今后莺歌海盆地天然气勘探提供重要的理论依据。     

内蒙古西乌旗晚石炭世–早二叠世伸展事件——来自大石寨组火山岩的证据

内蒙古西乌旗地区发育一套中酸性火山岩,空间展布特征显示其为大石寨组火山岩的西延部分。为查明该火山岩的形成时代及构造属性,对其进行了岩石学、年代学和岩石地球化学研究。研究结果表明该火山岩主要由安山岩及流纹岩组成。锆石LA-MC-ICP-MS U-Pb定年结果显示其喷发时代为275~311 Ma,属晚石炭世–早二叠世。岩石地球化学特征表明中性岩富钙贫镁,富集LREE及K、Rb、Ba,亏损Nb、Ta,具有弱Eu异常,安山质岩浆可能是由基性岩浆分离结晶形成的,但在形成过程中受到了陆壳物质混染。酸性岩贫钙镁,富硅碱,具有显著的Eu负异常,亏损Nb、Ta、Sr、P、Ti,反映岩石成因与中下地壳的熔融及其后期的分离作用有关。在构造判别图解中,中性岩具有板内玄武岩特征,而酸性岩具有A2型花岗岩特征。结合区域已发表资料推断,西乌旗大石寨组火山岩形成于造山后伸展环境,暗示古亚洲洋至少在早二叠世之前已经闭合。     

Geochemical Characteristics and Tectonic Significance of Early Carboniferous Volcanic Rocks of Kalamaili,Xinjiang

Shanlianglishi Formation strata volcanic rocks are widely distributed in western fault zone of Kalamaili. Studies show that the rocks are basalt, andesite and basaltic andesite, calc-alkaline series with SiO₂ content of samples ranging from 49.43% to 59.08%, TiO₂ (1.18%~2.49%), P₂O₅ (0.21%~0.92%) and MgO (3.81%~6.28%). Samples have relatively high HFSE content (Ti, Zr, Y) and also high La/Nb (2.98~1.96), Zr/Y (9.36~4.01) ratio. The primitive mantle normalized trace element spider shows samples enriched LILE (Rb, Ba, K, U) and Pb, but relatively depleted Nb, Ta and Ti. Rare earth element distribution of REE shows slightly enriched LREE, (La/Yb)_N=1.93~9.59, and that Eu is weakly negative anomaly (δEu=0.87~0.95). Combined with geochemical characteristics of WPB and VAB. Shanlianglishi Formation strata formed in the stretched after collision environmen. After partial melting of the enriched mantle that was previously metasomatized by the subduction fluid and with participation of the subduction sediment, magma experienced a certain degree of fractional crystallization and contamination by earth crust, and then erupted to form the Shanlianglishi Formation strata volcanic rocks. In eraly Late-Carboniferous, extensional movement was the most intense volcanic activity, which reached its peak in this area.     

湘西北寒武系沉积型镍钼矿成矿物质来源

湘西北寒武系含矿丰富,在寒武系下统牛蹄塘组黑色岩系中赋存有磷矿、石煤、钒矿、铀矿,并有有色金属钼、镍矿及铂族元素矿物聚集。通过分析总结前人成果资料,探究镍钼矿成矿地质环境条件是在低温环境、有微生物参与及强还原环境中同生沉积,对寒武系沉积型镍钼矿成矿物质来源提出了明确的看法,即成矿物质来源于海底喷流-热水。     

东营凹陷南坡沙三段坡移扇沉积特征

目前,东营凹陷南坡沙三段已钻遇到坡移扇这一新型的岩性油气藏类型,但是对坡移扇的地质认识较浅,且其识别特征尚不明确,从而制约了坡移扇勘探的进程。通过大量的岩芯精细观察和描述,统计分析了大量实验数据,在结合地震资料分析的基础上,系统总结坡移扇有别于浊积岩的沉积特征等识别标志。分析认为,坡移扇的形成受三角洲的规模和建设性、构造坡度或沉积坡度、构造运动及湖平面变化等因素所控制。     

甘肃文县关家沟泥石流物源条件与治理工程探析

关家沟泥石流沟位于文县县城北部,具有极为丰富的物源条件。通过调查从泥石流的岩土体类型及特征、地质构造、水文地质、新构造运动及地震等方面,对物源条件的地质环境背景进行了总结。其松散固体物质主要有滑坡堆积物、崩塌堆积物、滑塌—坍塌堆积物、沟道冲洪积堆积物及面状堆积物等。固体物质总储量为11 570.1×104m3,转化为泥石流组成部分的主要方式包括滑坡、崩塌、滑塌—坍塌直接堆积或堵塞沟道,被水流冲蚀、搬运;滑坡体、崩塌体表层松散物质及沟坡上的面状堆积物在降水面蚀作用下,细粒物质流入沟道,补给泥石流增加了泥石流的黏度;沟道内早期的冲洪积物被泥石流直接搬运、冲蚀,构成泥石流固体松散物质等。通过对物源条件分析,提出了治理工程措施,以期为关家沟泥石流灾害防治提供参考。     

伊通盆地鹿乡断陷C区块含油饱和度与含油性分析

综合研究伊通盆地鹿乡断陷双二段储层的岩性、含油性和含油饱和度,确定了适用于本区的含油饱和度计算方法,并与实际含油性进行了对比,分析了沉积和构造对含油性的影响。研究区双二段含油储层的岩性以粉砂岩、细砂岩和砂砾岩为主,含油级别为荧光级以上。根据阿尔奇公式计算出的含油饱和度大部分与实际的含油性相符合,并将含油饱和度70%、50%和38%值作为本区气层、油层、油水层和水层的区分标准。本区储层的含油性受到沉积和构造两方面的控制,沉积作用主要控制储层的岩石结构和物性,构造控制油气的聚集,即在构造高部位,实际含油饱和度比计算结果要高,而在构造低部位,实际含油饱和度比计算结果要低。     

大兴安岭北部额尔古纳地区塔木兰沟组火山岩岩石地球化学特征及成因

额尔古纳地区塔木兰沟组火山岩的岩石地球化学成分显示其以粗安岩为主,少量安山岩和玄武安山岩。该组火山岩SiO_2含量为53.47%~58.50%,全碱含量为[w(K_2O+Na_2O)]4.27%~7.68%,w(MgO)=1.76%~4.03%,Mg~#=0.34~0.51;微量元素分析表明,稀土元素配分模式呈轻稀土富集右倾型,轻重稀土元素分馏较强[(La/Yb)_N=16.35~33.73],富集Rb、Ba、K、Sr等大离子亲石元素(LILE),亏损Nb、Ta等高场强元素(HFSE),Eu负异常不明显(δEu=0.89~0.92)。地球化学等特征表明塔木兰沟组火山岩未经受明显的地壳物质混染,岩浆来源于俯冲流体交代形成的富集岩石圈地幔,经历了以分离结晶作用为主导的演化过程。综合研究认为,额尔古纳地区塔木兰沟组火山岩形成于岩石圈伸展构造环境,与蒙古—鄂霍茨克洋闭合后的后造山伸展体制有关。