滇中南中元古代撮科蛇绿混杂岩地质特征及构造背景

撮科蛇绿混杂岩出露于元江县撮科大寨及周边地区,受到后期构造作用影响发生一定的变质和变形。蛇岩性较为复杂,岩块与基质之间为断层接触。基质以硅质岩、熔结凝灰岩和花岗质砾岩为主,岩块的类型主要有辉石岩、辉长岩、辉绿岩、闪长岩、玄武岩、斜长花岗岩等。其中,撮科蛇绿混杂岩中熔结凝灰岩的SHRIMP锆石U-Pb龄为(1 170±7) Ma(MSWD=0.54,n=12),花岗质砾岩基质具有单一的年龄,为(1 151±5) Ma(MSWD=1.3,n=17);辉长岩岩块的SHRIMP锆石U-Pb年龄为(1 168±8) Ma(MSWD=0.72,n=17),斜长花岗岩岩块的SHRIMP锆石U-Pb年龄为(1 163±9) Ma(MSWD=1.83,n=15),花岗斑岩岩块的SHRIMP锆石U-Pb年龄为(1 186±6) Ma(MSWD=0.92,n=17)。这些年龄指示该蛇绿混杂岩形成于中元古代晚期。撮科蛇绿混杂岩中辉长岩REE标准化曲线整体表现较为平坦的右倾趋势,具有与E-MORB相似的稀土元素特征。在MORB标准化图解中Nb、Ta没有出现明显的负异常,极低的Zr/Nb(8.65)、La/Nb(1.05)、Ba/Nb(10.72)、Th/Nb(0.10)、Th/La(0.09)、Ba/La(10.56)、Zr/Hf(43.4)平均值,且微量元素判别投点主要落入板内玄武岩范围,指示撮科蛇绿混杂岩应属于MORB型蛇绿岩,可能形成于板块伸展的构造环境。熔结凝灰岩锆石的ε_Hf(t)值为-8.7 ~-4.7,平均值为-6.6,所有ε_Hf(t)均为负,Hf同位素模式年龄(t_DMC)为2 534~2 296 Ma,平均为2 408 Ma,指示熔结凝灰岩来自古元古代结晶基底的重熔。撮科蛇绿混杂岩的厘定,对重新认识原大红山群老厂河组的属性,研究扬子陆块西南缘中—新元古代岩浆和构造事件,划分扬子陆块基底大地构造单元具有重要意义。     

中国南部OIS 5e时期中亚热带北移的古生物学证据

大熊猫-剑齿象动物群是中国南方地区第四纪的代表性哺乳动物群, 常见种属多见于亚热带地区, 少数种属在自然状态下主要分布于热带-南亚热带地区, 如猩猩、长臂猿、亚洲象和绝灭种巨貘、中国犀的现生种貘、犀等热带种, 它们的存在指示了具热带气候性质的中亚热带南部的森林环境。本文在确定中国南部OIS 5e时期此类动物群种属构成与分布特征的基础上, 主要以热带种属的分布及其北界为依据, 推断出中亚热带北界分布至秦岭-淮河以南, 较现今北移约 3°, 1月份平均温较今高约4~5℃, 年均温高约3℃, 说明在现今的亚热带地区盛行中亚热带-热带的气候环境, 发生了较大的生物-气候带变迁。该变迁事件对应于全球气候变化的高温期和 35°N冬半年天文辐射总量的峰值, 是全球气候变化影响下的结果。     

长江中下游成矿带岩浆-成矿系统深部背景和过程的电性结构约束

长江中下游成矿带是我国重要的铁铜金属"仓库",然而,关于矿体密集分布成因的深部背景研究仍存较多争议,前人相继提出了碰撞变形、俯冲变形、构造机制转换等多种解释模型.本文基于成矿系统概念和前人对成矿系统各组成要素的研究成果,分析长江中下游成矿带内宁芜、庐枞、南陵-宣城和安庆-贵池矿集区的深部电性结构,并发现成矿带地壳深部普...     

扬子陆块东南缘浙江金华地区青白口纪晚期岛弧岩浆活动——来自富铌辉长岩和高镁闪长岩锆石U-Pb年龄和地球化学证据

为探讨扬子陆块东南缘新元古代岩浆活动的性质,选择浙江金华罗店深成杂岩中的中基性岩石,开展了系统的岩石学、地球化学、同位素地球化学和年代学研究,发现该深成杂岩中存在富铌辉长岩和高镁闪长岩等典型的岛弧地区岩浆岩。富铌辉长岩相对富P_2O_5、Ti O_2和Nb,原始地幔标准化La/Nb1.3,类似于太古宙和古生代富铌玄武岩。采用LA-ICP-MS技术测得高镁闪长岩的锆石U-Pb年龄为848±10Ma,相对富Mg O、低Ti O_2,Mg~#62.5,富Cr而贫Sr、Y和重稀土元素,接近于日本Setouchi火山岩带的中新世高镁安山岩和阿留申西部的Piip型高镁安山岩。而且,二者均富集Rb、Ba、K、Pb等大离子亲石元素,亏损Nb、Ta、Ti等高场强元素,εNd(t)+2.92,相应的ISr介于0.70308~0.70474之间,推测二者成因均与俯冲板片部分熔融的熔体交代地幔楔橄榄岩再熔融有关。综合区域地质资料及前人研究成果认为,扬子陆块东南缘至848Ma左右仍存在明显的岛弧岩浆活动,这对认识华南前寒武纪的大地构造格局及其演化具有重要意义。     

Mineralization age and sources of ore‐forming material of the Nanmushu Zn‐Pb deposit in the Micangshan Tectonic Belt at the northern margin of the Yangtze Craton,China: Constraints from Rb‐Sr dating and Sr‐Pb isotopes

The Nanmushu Zn‐Pb deposit, hosted by the Neoproterozoic Dengying Formation dolostone, is located in the eastern part of the Micangshan tectonic belt at the northern margin of the Yangtze Craton, China. This study involves a systematic field investigation, detailed mineralogical study, and Rb‐Sr and Pb isotopic analyses of the deposit. The results of Rb‐Sr isotopic dating of coexisting sphalerite and galena yield an isochron age of 486.7 ± 3.1 Ma, indicating the deposit was formed during the Late Cambrian to Early Ordovician. This mineralization age is interpreted to be related to the timing of destruction of the paleo‐oil reservoir in the Micangshan tectonic belt. All initial ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr ratios of sphalerite and galena (0.70955–0.71212) fall into the range of the Mesoproterozoic Huodiya Group basement rocks (0.70877–0.71997) and Dengying Formation sandstone (0.70927–0.71282), which are significantly higher than those of Cambrian Guojiaba Formation limestone (0.70750–0.70980), Cambrian Guojiaba Formation carbonaceous slate (0.70766–0.71012), and Neoproterozoic Dengying Formation dolostone (0.70835–0.70876). Such Sr isotope signatures suggest that the ore strontium was mainly derived from a mixed source, and both of the Huodiya Group basement rocks and Dengying Formation sandstone were involved in ore formation. Both sphalerite and galena are characterized by an upper‐crustal source of lead (²⁰⁶Pb/²⁰⁴Pb = 17.849–18.022, ²⁰⁷Pb/²⁰⁴Pb = 15.604–15.809, and ²⁰⁸Pb/²⁰⁴Pb = 37.735–38.402), and their Pb isotopes are higher than, but partly overlap with, those of the Huodiya Group basement rocks, but differ from those of the Guojiaba and Dengying Formations. This suggests that the lead also originated from a mixed source, and the Huodiya Group basement rocks played a significant role. The Sr and Pb isotopic results suggest that the Huodiya Group basement rocks were one of the most important sources of metallogenic material. The geological and geochemical characteristics show that the Nanmushu Zn‐Pb deposit is similar to typical Mississippi Valley type, and the fluid mixing may be a reasonable metallogenic mechanism for Nanmushu Zn‐Pb deposit.     

Spatial distribution and diurnal variation of chemical oxygen demand at the beginning of the rainy season in the Changjiang （Yangtze） River Estuary

A field observation was carried out in the Changjiang （Yangtze） River Estuary from May 19 to 26, 2003. A total of 29 stations, including 2 anchored stations, were occupied through almost the whole salinity gradient. Based on the observation data, biogeochemistry of chemical oxygen demand （COD） was examined. Spatial distribution pattern of COD shows that it decreased downstream. The COD concentration varied generally within a narrow range of 1.24-1.60 mg/L in the zone around the river mouth, beyond which it decreased rapidly to 0.20 mg/L. In the mixed water zone, the fluctuation in COD was smaller at 2 m above the bottom layer than at the surface layer in 48 h. In the seawater zone, the 48-h fluctuation at the surface was the largest, followed by that of 5 m below the surface and 2 m above the bottom layers in a range of from 2.50 to 0.55 mg/L. Freshwater discharge was the dominant source of COD in the estuary. The average COD beyond the river mouth was 2.7 mg/L, which accorded with the Chinese seawater quality Grade I. Relationships between dissolved oxygen and biogeochemical parameters such as suspended particulate matter, dissolved organic matter and chlorophyll-a were also discussed.     

扬子陆块东南缘浙江金华地区青白口纪晚期岛弧岩浆活动——来自富铌辉长岩和高镁闪长岩锆石U-Pb年龄和地球化学证据

为探讨扬子陆块东南缘新元古代岩浆活动的性质,选择浙江金华罗店深成杂岩中的中基性岩石,开展了系统的岩石学、地球化学、同位素地球化学和年代学研究,发现该深成杂岩中存在富铌辉长岩和高镁闪长岩等典型的岛弧地区岩浆岩。富铌辉长岩相对富P2O5、TiO2和Nb,原始地幔标准化La/Nb<1.3,类似于太古宙和古生代富铌玄武岩。采用LA-ICP-MS技术测得高镁闪长岩的锆石U-Pb年龄为848±10Ma,相对富MgO、低TiO2,Mg#>62.5,富Cr而贫Sr、Y和重稀土元素,接近于日本Setouchi火山岩带的中新世高镁安山岩和阿留申西部的Piip型高镁安山岩。而且,二者均富集Rb、Ba、K、Pb等大离子亲石元素,亏损Nb、Ta、Ti等高场强元素,εNd(t)>+2.92,相应的ISr介于0.70308~0.70474之间,推测二者成因均与俯冲板片部分熔融的熔体交代地幔楔橄榄岩再熔融有关。综合区域地质资料及前人研究成果认为,扬子陆块东南缘至848Ma左右仍存在明显的岛弧岩浆活动,这对认识华南前寒武纪的大地构造格局及其演化具有重要意义。     

扬子地块东南缘多期构造变形及其油气意义

扬子地块的构造演化及其动力学机制约束着古生代海相油气成藏,而扬子地块东南缘的构造变形特征是理解整个扬子地块构造变形的关键所在.通过对武夷、云开和肇庆地区的构造特征研究,初步划分出扬子地块东南缘的三期重要变形①早古生代末期云开地区NW向剪切变形,武夷山地区ESE向剪切变形;②中生代早期云开、肇庆地区NE向逆冲推覆作用;③中生代晚期武夷山地区的脆性构造变形.在重新认识区内构造演化的基础上,对其动力学作了初步探讨.这些认识有助于今后中国南方碳酸盐岩含油气远景的评价.     

宁镇矿集区安基山花岗闪长斑岩和韦岗花岗闪长岩的锆石U- Pb年龄、Hf同位素特征及其地质意义

宁镇矿集区位于长江中下游成矿带东部,发育了大量与Cu、Fe矿产有关的中酸性侵入岩,如区内安基山岩体和韦岗岩体分别与安基山铜矿及伏牛山铜矿、韦岗铁矿等Cu、Fe矿床成矿关系密切。尽管前人在宁镇矿集区开展了大量的岩石学工作,但是对这些花岗质岩石源区特征方面的研究却略显薄弱。本文对该矿集区内的安基山岩体和韦岗岩体开展了详细的LA- ICP- MS 锆石U- Pb测年和锆石Hf同位素研究,进而确定成岩年龄、探讨岩浆源区性质及与成矿作用的关系。锆石U- Pb定年结果显示区内安基山花岗闪长斑岩和韦岗花岗闪长岩成岩年龄分别为108.9~110.9 Ma和107.3~109.6 Ma,宁镇矿集区晚中生代岩浆岩的成岩时代在110~100 Ma之间,明显晚于长江中下游其他矿集区成岩时代范围近20 Ma。两个岩体的锆石Hf同位素研究显示,韦岗花岗闪长岩的εHf(t)值为-47.4~-16.9,平均为-24.9,二阶段Hf模式年龄(TDM2)为2.24~4.14 Ga,平均为2.73 Ga,可能是中太古代至古元古代下地壳部分熔融形成的;而安基山花岗闪长斑岩的εHf(t)值为-16.8~-8.9,平均为-12.4,二阶段Hf模式年龄(TDM2)为1.74~2.23 Ga,平均为1.96 Ga,可能是富集岩石圈地幔物质与下地壳物质混合的产物。本文研究结果结合前人研究显示,矽卡岩型Fe矿床有关的岩体相比于矽卡岩型Cu矿床成矿岩体含有更多的地壳物质;岩浆源区壳、幔物质含量比例可能是控制长江中下游成矿带Cu、 Fe成矿作用的重要因素。     

南汇东滩圈围工程对长江口河势影响的数值模拟分析

基于验证的MIKE21软件长江口二维潮流数值模型,计算和重点分析了南汇东滩促淤圈围工程对长江口南槽、北槽和横沙通道的影响。结果表明:南汇东滩促淤圈围工程束窄了南槽下段河道,较大幅度地减小了该段的潮流量;但南槽中段以下河段流速增加幅度较大,河槽将会刷深,河势将得到发展;江亚北槽将会得到发展,北槽中段泥沙淤积现象将会加剧;横沙通道涨落潮流量大幅减少,横沙通道涨落潮流量与南槽涨落潮流量存在非常高的相关性,这对横沙通道作为航道开发和利用会带来较为不利的影响。