扬子区黔西南金矿成矿系统综述

文章以成矿系统理论为指导研究了扬子区黔西南金矿成矿系统.扬子区黔西南中二叠统-下三叠统基岩与第四系松散沉积物中的微细浸染型金矿,分别属于中二叠统-下三叠统低温热液成矿子系统和表生成矿子系统,后者为前者风化改造而成,两者共同构成为一个金矿成矿系统--扬子区黔西南金矿成矿系统.初步讨论了该成矿系统的地质背景、成矿要素、成矿作用过程和产物,以及成矿后的变化情况等,重塑了该成矿系统的整体面貌.     

One-Dimensional Unsteady Analytical Solution of Salinity Intrusion in Estuaries

Based on the one-dimensional salinity transport equation with constant diffusion coefficient, and separated water flow velocity into runoff and tidal current with the single-frequency in an idealized estuary, the simplest unsteady analytical so- lution of salinity intrusion is deduced and the estimation formula of diffusion coefficient is obtained in this paper. The unsteady solution indicates that salinity process in estuaries results from the interaction of runoff and tidal current, and its amplitude is in direct proportion to the product of the velocity of runoff water and the amplitude of tidal flow velocity and in inverse proportion to the diffusion coefficient and the tidal angular frequency, and its phase lag tidal flow with 7/2 which reveals the basic features of the maximum salinity appearing after flood slack and the minimum salinity appearing before ebb slack under the effect of runoff （the advance or lag time is relative to the magnitude of runoff and tidal flow）. According to the measured flow velocity and salinity data, the salinity diffusion coefficient could be estimated. Finally, with the field data of observing sites on the deepwater navigation channel of the Yangtze Estuary, the diffusion coefficient is calculated and a comparative analysis of simulated and measured of salinity process is made. The results show that the solution can comprehensively reflects the basic characteristics and processes of salinity intrusion under the interaction of runoff and tidal flow in estuaries. The solution is not only suitable for theoretical research, but also convenient for estimating reasonable physical parameters and giving the initial condition in the salinity intrusion numerical simulation.     

古长江碎屑物进入东海盆地时间探讨

本文重点研究东海盆地新生代沉积物中微量元素、孢粉和重矿物资料,推测了新生代时东海盆地及其周围古地貌的变化,並推断古长江碎屑物在中中新世晚期时才开始进入东海盆地。     

上扬子区震旦纪南沱冰期后碳酸盐岩帽沉积地球化学特征

通过对贵州铜仁和湖南大庸两地南沱冰碛岩层之上白云岩层的岩石、结构和构造、地球化学等综合研究，认为该白云岩层具有快速沉积所形成的沉积结构和构造，碳同位素特征可与全球同期沉积的碳酸盐岩帽（Cap Carbonate)进行对比；特别是在白云岩中发现有机碳同位素低的沥青结核体，支持了冰期后碳酸盐岩快速沉积是由于海底固态CH4发生脱气作用，导致碳酸盐岩帽快速沉积的观点。     

中国洞穴步甲研究三十年概述

中国洞穴步甲分类研究起步较晚,最早记录的洞穴步甲是于1991年发现并被描述的奇华盲步甲（Sinaphaenops mirabilissimus Uéno & Wang, 1991）。经过国内外步甲分类学者三十年的不断努力,已记录中国洞穴步甲8族71属202种,其中以行步甲族最为丰富,共61属172种。目前,在属级水平上,中国已成为世界上洞穴步甲物种多样性最为丰富的国家。     

长江湖口-彭泽段江岸的变化及其对防洪安全影响

根据历史记载、遥感资料解释和野外现场调查,对长江湖口一彭泽县段江岸冲淤变化,及江中主要江心洲的变迁进行研究,该江段历史变化较复杂,但是总体是河流主流的“S”摆动,主流不断南迁总体南岸以侵蚀为主,北岸以淤积为主,在棉船洲地区由于该洲向北生长,则以北岸侵蚀为主。最后分析江岸变化对防洪安全的影响,江岸变化是重要的致灾因子。     

浅论长江中游洪灾高危险性

通过对长江洪水的致灾性、河道边界条件及其孕灾性、承载体易损性的分析,论述了长江中游为我国洪灾高危险区的必然性。分析了人类对河流的治理,使河道稳定性增加,减少了洪灾的风险,但是长江中游的局部河段却发生洪水位增高的趋势,又增加了洪灾风险,该区域高危险的基本特性犹存。研究了三峡运行后,长江中下游出现新的防洪形势:一方面三峡水库巨大的防洪库容拦蓄洪水,大大减少了中下游的洪灾,另一方面因河道的强冲刷,使河势变化剧烈、横向摆动增强,局部河段岸壁失稳,又增加防洪压力。同时因总体水面比降趋平,洪灾风险有向下游转移的趋势。未来长江中游仍为洪灾高危险区,仍应给予高度重视。     

长江口九段沙现代潮滩沉积特征

根据2003年对长江河口九段沙潮间带和潮上带的现场调查和室内对沉积构造、粒度分布、矿物组成、沉积速率等的分析,对九段沙现代潮滩的沉积特征进行了研究。研究表明九段沙潮间带以小型交错层理为主,波痕发育,粒度主要为细砂至粗粉砂;潮上带主要为水平层理,粒度主要为中细粉砂。潮间带和潮上带的沉积矿物组成非常接近。沉积速率以潮间带低而潮上带高为特点。     

Characteristics of the Geotectonics in South China and Their Constraints on Primary Diamond

The Asian continent is one of the best places in the world to study continental dynamics. In this region the tectonic framework of the South China plate is related to the activity of the Pacific plate and Indian plate since the Mesozoic. In the South China plate, as the ophiolitic melange of the middle Proterozoic in the Shaoxing-Yingtan-Tengxian-Beihai faulted zone was confirmed to be a subducting ocean, the evolution of the Yangtze block and Cathaysian block, which are located on both sides of the fault zone, becomes clearer and clearer. A primary diamond deposit, which was first found by Bao Chaomin and his colleagues in Longyou County of Zhejiang Province in 1998, originated from kimberlitoid pipes. The pipes are located in the Cretaceous basin beside this deep fault and the diamond-bearing pipe was formed deep within a favourable geological structure. Diamond there occurs as octahedral crystals without visual impurities. There are more than 100 similar pipes in the area, which have been poorly stud     

湘西北王村地区寒武系花桥组是“钙屑浊积岩”吗？

扬子陆块东南缘的寒武系以各种类型的"碳酸盐重力流沉积物"发育为显著特征,前人据此认为存在一个连续的"台缘斜坡相带"。"古丈阶"国际层型剖面和点位(GSSP)——湘西北王村剖面的寒武系"花桥组"曾被认为由大量"钙屑浊积岩"组成。详细的沉积岩石学研究表明,王村剖面花桥组并非典型的"钙屑浊积岩",而是以浪基面之下沉积的低能碳酸盐岩为主。其"浊积序列A段"中的所谓砾屑和底冲刷构造等,其实是由成岩期压切作用形成的大量灰岩透镜体和条带组成;"B段"中的所谓"波状层理"实际为压实变形的水平层理和类似风暴成因的丘—洼状交错层理,加之本次新发现的两层鲕粒灰岩,指示出受间歇性动荡水流影响的深水缓坡环境。结合区域沉积记录,对湘西北地区相应时期古地理格局提出新认识,认为存在未形成典型"台缘斜坡"的碳酸盐缓坡。