直脉蝎蛉科(昆虫纲长翅目) 3个异物同名和 1个种的修正

1996 年,张海春发表《新疆准噶尔盆地中生代直脉科(昆虫纲)昆虫化石》一文[古生物学报,35(4)：442-494],共有5个新种和5个老种,其中1个老种定为Mesopanorpa obscura(Martynov, 1927),包含3 个标本：① NIGP126378(92-T-22/K1),② NIGP126377(58SK15/K3),③ NIGP126376(92-T-22/K3)。另1个标本NIGP126379(93-HE-2K1,2)定为Protorthophlebia latipennis Tillyard, 1933。笔者在研究长翅目化石的过程中,发现张的4个标本系异物同名,前3 个标本即：① NIGP126378号标本勉强修订为1个近似种P. (Protorthophlebia) aff. obscura (Martynov,1925) Martynov,1927;② NIGP126377号标本修订为新名种Protorthophlebia(Protorthophlebia) badouwanica nom. nov.;③ NIGP126376号标本, 由于这个标本脉序结构与副蝎蛉科 Parachoristidae Tillyard, 1937的脉序特征相同,已被修订为另一个属、种Junggarochorista tuzigouensis Hong, 2009[13],已转移归入该科。④另1个标本NIGP126379号标本被修订为新名种 P.(Protorthophlebia) karamayiensis nom. nov.。上述被修订后的新名属、种在本文中作了必要的重新描述。修订的标本,都根据张海春论文中原标本照片显示的脉纹特征和文字描述。所修订学名的原标本均按原文的记录保存在中国科学院南京地质古生物研究所。     

川中高石梯地区灯四段藻丘类型与沉积模式

四川盆地高石梯地区震旦系灯影组四段台缘带油气资源储量巨大,藻丘的发育是优质储层形成的基础,因此讨论四川盆地高石梯地区的藻丘类型与沉积模式就显得尤为重要.通过岩心观察、薄片鉴定并结合测井资料,详细阐述了高石梯地区灯四段的藻丘类型与沉积模式.研究结果表明:1)该地区岩石类型可分为富藻类云岩和贫藻类云岩:富藻类云岩是藻丘的丘...     

Fischer图解及其在旋回层序研究中的应用──以北京西山张夏组为例

Ｆｉｓｃｈｅｒ图解（又称为容纳空间图解）为人们研究沉积旋回在空间上的叠置规律、相对海平面变化、层序级次的划分以及地层层序对比等提供了一种客观实用的方法。本文较详细地讨论了该图解的绘制方法及应注意的问题。运用该图解，将北京西山下苇甸剖面张夏组划分为１个大的三级旋回层序和４个四级旋回层序，根据图解反映的相对海平面变化讨论了旋回层序与构造运动间的关系，提出华北板块晚寒武世之前的＂翘翘板运动＂应始于中寒武世张夏期之早期到中期。     

歧南断阶带明下段低阻油层地质成因

为了更好地预测区域内低阻油层分布,以岩心、室内试验数据及薄片资料为基础,对歧南断阶带明下段低阻油层的成因机理及控制因素进行了研究。结果表明：研究区低阻油层成因机理主要包括低幅构造、复杂孔隙结构、黏土矿物附加导电性、砂泥岩薄互层、淡水水入侵及钻井液污染6个方面。低阻油层地质成因包括构造、沉积及成岩作用3个方面,明下段沉积时期频繁而强烈的断层活动导致原生油藏发生淡水水侵,同时形成低幅构造,导致低幅构造型低阻油藏发育。受可容空间与沉积物供给比值变化影响,研究区内发育砂泥薄互层型及复杂孔隙结构型低阻油层。早成岩阶段较弱的成岩作用导致研究区发育黏土矿物附加导电性及钻井液污染型低阻油层。受以上3种因素影响,歧南断阶带明下段地层中低阻油层主要发育于与断层相接的低幅构造区域内的弱水动力区。     

鄂尔多斯盆地北部塔巴庙地区下石盒子组盒3段储层特征及有利区块预测

根据野外剖面、钻井岩芯和测井等资料,系统地对塔巴庙地区下石盒子组盒3段储集砂体的岩石学特征、孔隙类型、成岩作用以及物性进行了详细的分析。研究表明,储集层的成分和结构成熟度低;主要孔隙类型有粒间孔、粒内溶孔、晶间溶孔、铸模孔和粒缘缝;孔隙度为0.7%~18.69%,平均值为7.82%;渗透率为0.008×10^-3μm²~23.01×10^-3μm²,平均值为1.111×10^-3μm²,属于物性中-偏低的微孔-溶孔型组合型储集岩。影响储集层的主控因素包括:(1)河道控制了优质储层的分布范围和规模;(2)成岩期早期环边绿泥石胶结、溶蚀等建设性成岩作用是形成储层的基础;(3)成岩相扩大了储层的分布范围,改善了储层的物性。在上述研究的基础上,结合储集砂体的沉积微相特征、物性平面展布特征、储集砂体成岩相特征,在研究区内圈定了Ⅱ、Ⅲ两类有利勘探区块,为研究区下一步的勘探、开发提供了科学依据。     

青藏高原东北缘北联池剖面清水营组孢粉组合特征及地质意义

青藏高原隆升是新生代最重要的地质事件之一,对邻区乃至全球的气候变化都产生了深远的影响,已有学者研究认为该期隆升与气候冷暖变化之间具有较好的耦合关系。北联池剖面在区域构造位置上隶属于青藏高原东北缘弧形构造带后缘六盘山以西,古近系清水营组主要为一套紫红色泥岩夹薄层石膏层为主的浅湖相沉积,蕴含了丰富的古环境和古气候信息。文章系统研究了剖面的孢粉组合特征,共鉴定出孢粉类型60属65种及若干未定种,其孢粉组合特征中被子植物花粉占绝对优势,裸子植物花粉和蕨类植物孢子含量很少。结合现有区域孢粉的研究成果,综合分析认为清水营组沉积的地质时代属于中晚渐新世—中新世早期。孢粉植物群以桦木科、胡桃科和榆科等落叶阔叶植物为主,组合中还出现了数量不多但种类繁多的热带—亚热带植物的花粉,而典型干旱的灌木和草本植物分子含量少,总体上反映了暖温带较温和湿润的古环境古气候背景。孢粉组合中几乎不见耐寒山地针叶植物花粉的出现,说明该时期区域气候环境尚未发生由暖转冷的重大变化,青藏高原向东北方向的隆升扩展尚未影响到六盘山地区。研究成果为约束青藏高原东北缘清水营组的沉积时代以及青藏高原隆升过程对区域古生态古气候的影响提供新的证据。     

塔里木盆地下志留统塔塔埃尔塔格组沉积体系及沉积模式

通过对塔里木盆地众多野外剖面详细观测及钻井岩心的详细观察,研究区下志留统塔塔埃尔塔格组主要沉积一套以砂、泥岩为主的碎屑岩,根据岩性特征、生物标志和地球物理特征,将塔里木盆地塔塔埃尔塔格组划分为滨岸和陆棚沉积体系,滨岸沉积体系进一步划分为无障壁海岸和有障壁潮坪沉积,陆棚沉积体系以浅水陆棚沉积为特征,并就各微相的岩石类型、粒度分布和沉积构造特征进行了详细的研究。在此基础上,分析了塔塔埃尔塔格沉积期的平面展布特征,总体格局为南北向分带,东西向展布为特征。同时建立了塔里木盆地塔塔埃尔塔格组滨岸、潮坪和滨岸－潮坪的沉积模式,在研究区以滨岸－潮坪的沉积模式为主。     

华北北部中元古界洪水庄组物源和沉积环境分析

为探讨华北地区中元古界洪水庄组黑色泥页岩物源和沉积环境,采集了燕辽地区清河剖面洪水庄组样品,进行元素地球化学测试和分析.结果表明:洪水庄组沉积物来源不仅有陆源碎屑物质,还有海水沉积物贡献.Y/Ho和ΣREE交会图版分析认为海水沉积物来源占比为10％～20％.此外,稀土元素分布模式以及Ce和Eu异常表明沉积物来源有火山热...     

Palynological dating of infra- and intertrappean sediments in the Mesozoic succession of Borehole PGD-6, Domra Sub-basin, West Bengal, India

Palynofloras have been examined from infra- and intertrappean sediments of the Panchet and Rajmahal Formations in the Domra Sub-basin of the Damodar Basin, West Bengal, India. Three distinct palynological assemblages are identified and referred to the following palynozones: (i)Lundbladispora–Verrucosisporites(506.60–505.00 m, late Early Triassic, (ii)Murospora florida(501.65–422.20 m. Late Jurassic, Kimmeridgian–Tithonian), and (iii)Cicatricosisporites australiensis(342.00–229.6 m. Early Cretaceous, Tithonian–Berriasian). The first occurrences ofCallialasporites turbatusandC. dampieriare at 501.65 m.Callialasporitesis a dominant element of the succeeding assemblages from the Panchet Formation and indicates a Jurassic age. The FAD ofCicatricosisporites australiensisandC. augustusat 342.00 m, and inconsistent occurrences ofAequitriradites spinulosus,Crybelosporites stylosusin the overlying sediments indicate Jurassic–Cretaceous transition.     

Revised age of proximal deposits in the Zagros foreland basin and implications for Cenozoic evolution of the High Zagros

The regionally extensive, coarse-grained Bakhtiyari Formation represents the youngest synorogenic fill in the Zagros foreland basin of Iran. The Bakhtiyari is present throughout the Zagros fold-thrust belt and consists of conglomerate with subordinate sandstone and marl. The formation is up to 3000 m thick and was deposited in foredeep and wedge-top depocenters flanked by fold-thrust structures. Although the Bakhtiyari concordantly overlies Miocene deposits in foreland regions, an angular unconformity above tilted Paleozoic to Miocene rocks is expressed in the hinterland (High Zagros).

The Bakhtiyari Formation has been widely considered to be a regional sheet of Pliocene–Pleistocene conglomerate deposited during and after major late Miocene–Pliocene shortening. It is further believed that rapid fold growth and Bakhtiyari deposition commenced simultaneously across the fold-thrust belt, with limited migration from hinterland (NE) to foreland (SW). Thus, the Bakhtiyari is generally interpreted as an unmistakable time indicator for shortening and surface uplift across the Zagros. However, new structural and stratigraphic data show that the most-proximal Bakhtiyari exposures, in the High Zagros south of Shahr-kord, were deposited during the early Miocene and probably Oligocene. In this locality, a coarse-grained Bakhtiyari succession several hundred meters thick contains gray marl, limestone, and sandstone with diagnostic marine pelecypod, gastropod, coral, and coralline algae fossils. Foraminiferal and palynological species indicate deposition during early Miocene time. However, the lower Miocene marine interval lies in angular unconformity above ~ 150 m of Bakhtiyari conglomerate that, in turn, unconformably caps an Oligocene marine sequence. These relationships attest to syndepositional deformation and suggest that the oldest Bakhtiyari conglomerate could be Oligocene in age.

The new age information constrains the timing of initial foreland-basin development and proximal Bakhtiyari deposition in the Zagros hinterland. These findings reveal that structural evolution of the High Zagros was underway by early Miocene and probably Oligocene time, earlier than commonly envisioned. The age of the Bakhtiyari Formation in the High Zagros contrasts significantly with the Pliocene–Quaternary Bakhtiyari deposits near the modern deformation front, suggesting a long-term (> 20 Myr) advance of deformation toward the foreland.