全球导航卫星系统复杂电磁环境监测分析方法

针对全球导航卫星系统（GNSS）受电磁环境影响的问题,分析了影响GNSS复杂电磁环境的主要组成要素,研究了GNSS复杂电磁环境一体化监测分析的方法,并对其中的关键技术进行了分析,并提出了未来GNSS复杂电磁环境监测保障系统的建设和建议。     

Distinct metamorphic evolution of alternating silica-saturated and silica-deficient microdomains within garnet in ultrahigh-temperature granulites: An example from Sri Lanka

Here we report the occurrence of garnet porphyroblasts that have overgrown alternating silica-saturated and silica deficient microdomains via different mineral reactions. The samples were collected from ultrahigh-temperature (UHT) metapelites in the Highland Complex, Sri Lanka. In some of the metapelites, garnet crystals have cores formed via a dehydration reaction, which had taken place at silica-saturated microdomains and mantle to rim areas formed via a dehydration reaction at silica-deficient microdomains. In contrast, some other garnets in the same rock cores had formed via a dehydration reaction which occurred at silica-deficient microdomains while mantle to rim areas formed via a dehydration reaction at silica-saturated microdomains. Based on the textural observations, we conclude that the studied garnets have grown across different effective bulk compositional microdomains during the prograde evolution. These microdomains could represent heterogeneous compositional layers (paleobedding/laminations) in the precursor sediments or differentiated crenulation cleavages that existed during prograde metamorphism. UHT metamorphism associated with strong ductile deformation, metamorphic differentiation and crystallization of locally produced melt may have obliterated the evidence for such microdomains in the matrix. The lack of significant compositional zoning in garnet probably due to self-diffusion during UHT metamorphism had left mineral inclusions as the sole evidence for earlier microdomains with contrasting chemistry.     

瞬变电磁采样函数优化法降噪技术

常用的双极性同步采样方法对瞬变电磁系统的观测噪声具有一定的抑制作用,但在实际工作中其噪声抑制能力仍显不足.本文在双极性同步采样方法基础上提出一种优化方法,以提升瞬变电磁系统的噪声抑制能力,即：通过对取样道加高斯窗函数的方式,赋予取样道内各采样点合适的累加权重,提升系统对取样道内高频噪声的抑制能力;使用高斯窗函数与梳状滤波器构造复合窗函数,通过对包含所有叠加周期的完整观测序列加复合窗函数的形式优化各周期的叠加权重,提升系统对实际工频噪声的抑制能力.对优化前后不同采样函数的谱特性及野外实测数据的处理效果进行比较,结果表明本文提出的方法较传统双极性同步采样方法具有更强的噪声抑制能力.

     

安徽省大别山南部宿松杂岩变质作用研究

宿松杂岩的变质作用可分为３个阶段：早期、主期和晚期阶段。主期阶段的矿物组合在云母片岩中为石榴石＋多硅白云母＋石英＋磁铁矿±钠云母±绿帘石／黝帘石;在白云母钠长（二长）片岩和片麻岩中为石榴石＋多硅白云母＋钠长石＋石英＋绿帘石／黝帘石±冻蓝闪石;在石榴石钠长角闪岩中为石榴石＋冻蓝闪石＋钠长石＋黝帘石＋石英±钠云母±金红石／磁铁矿。根据多种地质温压计和变质反应可以推测主期变质条件为：Ｔ＝５２０℃～５８０℃,Ｐ＝１．２～１．４ＧＰａ,地热梯度为１２℃／ｋｍ,相当于高压过渡型。晚期阶段变质条件为：Ｔ＝４６０℃～４８０℃,Ｐ＝０．６～０．７ＧＰａ,为中压绿帘角闪岩相。宿松杂岩的变质条件介于其南部的蓝闪绿片岩相和北部的榴辉岩相之间,三者是扬子板块向华北板块之下俯冲到不同深度的产物。     

Observational and Numerical Study on the Influence of Large-Scale Flow Direction and Coastline Shape on Sea-Breeze Evolution

In this study radar, surface observations and numericalsimulations are used to examine the inland penetrationand intensity of the sea breeze during various large-scaleflow regimes along the curved coastline of the Carolinas,U.S.A. The results clearly indicate that the flow directionrelative to the curved coastline has a significant effecton the sea-breeze evolution.Overall, during northerly flow regimes alongthe curved North Carolina coast, observationsand numerical simulations show that the sea-breezefront has a tendency to remain close to the south-facingcoast. During these same flow regimes the frontmoves further inland relative to the east-facingcoast. The sea-breeze front during westerly flowcases progressed further inland relative to the southcoast and less so from the east-facing coastline.South-westerly flow allows the sea breeze to moveinland from both coastlines but the coastal shapeinfluence makes the inland penetration less fromthe easterly facing beaches. During periods of lightonshore flow (south-east), the sea breeze movesconsiderable distances inland but is not discernableuntil later in the afternoon. The simulations indicatedthat the sea-breeze intensity is greatest (least) when thelarge-scale flow direction has an offshore (onshore)component. Model results indicate the existence of astrong front well inland in the late afternoon duringlight onshore flow. Also noted was that the simulatedsea-breeze front develops earlier in the afternoon duringoffshore regimes and later in the day as the large-scaleflow becomes more onshore. It is concluded that thecoastline shape and coast-relative flow direction areimportant factors in determining how the sea-breezecirculation evolves spatially.     

黄河中下游地区旱涝分型及突变的初步分析

采用CEOF(复经验正交函数)对黄河中下游地区15个代表站点近500年来的旱涝等级指数分析结果表明,历史时期本地区的旱涝分布特点可用三种分布型表征:平均型、东西反相型和南北反相型,对上述三种旱涝分布型的时间振幅,应用Mann-Kendall方法进行突变检验,可以发现平均型和东西反相型近500年来发生旱涝突变,而南北反相型则相对比较稳定。     

地理系统与地理信息系统

人类认识自己住居的星球是漫长的,然而是加速度的。学科的分化和交叉是多层次的。统一地理学一再遭受过冲击,但它的合理的内核——地理综合体是客观存在的。地图和遥感作为信息载体证实了这一观点。地理系统的概念反映当代科学技术进步和社会需求;而地理信息系统为地理学发挥区域性与综合性的优势提供了一种现代化的高技术手段。     

非洲"铜带"铜钴工业地域综合体初步研究

非洲“铜带”是世界上最大的铜钴工业综合体之一。通过实地调查和资料分析,揭示了“铜带”铜钴工业的地域组合特征及空间布局的内在联系规律;剖析了“铜带”铜钴工业地域综合体形成的主要地理条件,尤其是制约冶金工业生产布局的矿物资源、电力和交通运输条件;探讨了主导工业部门在工业地域综合形体形成和区域经济社会发展过程中“联动”和“极化”作用。这对我国在矿山开发过程澡,充分发挥矿业的主导作用带动区域经济社会发展,     

华北克拉通阜平杂岩中~2.7GaTTG片麻岩的厘定及其地质意义

通过详细的地质工作,本文从阜平杂岩中厘定出一套~2.7Ga的条带状TTG片麻岩系,其原岩主要为英云闪长岩,经历了强烈的变形和深熔改造。该片麻岩可分为岩石主体和条带,按条带形态和成分可分为三种:细小的暗色条带、深熔浅色条带和后期注入的长英质脉体。用LA-MC-ICPMS法对英云闪长岩中锆石进行了原位U-Pb年龄测试,其形成年龄为2669.2±9.7Ma。该片麻岩SiO2=64.32%~70.02%,具有高铝(Al2O3=14.00%~15.87%)富钠(Na2O=3.85%~4.22%)贫钾(K2O=1.13%~2.42%)及低K/Na比值的特点,Mg#指数为39.5~49.6。该片麻岩具有中等-强烈程度的稀土元素分异[(La/Yb)N=3.67~51.38],Eu异常不明显。其富集Sr(303×10-6~431×10-6)、Ba(191×10-6~696×10-6)等大离子亲石元素,亏损Nb(4.70×10-6~9.78×10-6)、Ta(0.19×10-6~0.75×10-6)、Ti(1378×10-6~3259×10-6)、P(174.6×10-6~960.6×10-6)等高场强元素,Cr(5.87×10-6~119.4×10-6)、Ni(6.72×10-6~45.75×10-6)等相容元素含量也较低。Yb(0.31×10-6~1.75×10-6)和Y(3.61×10-6~18.88×10-6)含量低,Sr/Y比值高(16.0~119.1),属于高铝的TTG,与高硅埃达克岩特征相似。推断是热的太古宙新生洋壳部分熔融而成。阜平地区~2.7Ga TTG片麻岩的厘定,进一步证实了华北克拉通在新太古代早期经历了强烈的陆壳增生,并为华北克拉通早期岩浆事件与世界范围的岩浆事件的对比提供了新的依据,为华北克拉通早期陆块及绿岩带的划分提供了新的限定。     

Apatite recrystallisation during prograde metamorphism,Cooma, southeast Australia: implications for using an apatite – graphite association as a biotracer in ancient metasedimentary rocks

The major patterns in the evolution of life during the Phanerozoic are reviewed. Critical transitions in the evolution of life that reflect increases in ecological complexity are the Cambrian radiation; the Ordovician biodiversification and its subsequent diversification and transition into the Modern Marine Fauna following the Permo-Triassic mass extinction; the colonisation of land, and its subsequent diversification; and the biological colonisation of the atmosphere. This increase in ecological diversity and complexity was often accompanied by increases in morphological complexity, arising, in part, from elaboration of the developmental program. However, it was additionally fuelled by increases in diversification and disparity arising also from morphological simplification in some lineages as developmental program became reduced.