塔里木盆地库车坳陷古近系库姆格列木群底砂岩段沉积古地理和物源体系

库车坳陷古近系库姆格列木群底砂岩段沉积可划分为北缘砂砾岩带冲积扇粗碎屑沉积-下切辫状水道充填-河流-三角洲沉积、温宿凸起边缘近端冲积扇-扇三角洲沉积和塔北凸起西南缘的下切谷充填-河流三角洲-滨浅湖滩坝3个相带,中部为干旱盐湖-泻湖-海湾沉积.物源体系分析表明,西部的温宿凸起、北边的南天山造山带和塔北隆起上的大陆蚀源区为坳陷提供物源.库车坳陷碎屑物基本上来自于南天山和温宿凸起再循环造山带,坳陷北缘的逆冲造山和隆升作用形成了长期的物源供给区,沿坳陷东北缘发育了巨厚的冲积扇.西部的温宿凸起早期存在物源,沿凸起边缘发育有小型的边缘扇或扇-辫状河三角洲.塔北隆起在古近纪早期提供一定的物源,克拉201井附近结晶基底的剥蚀是南部大陆蚀源区的主要物质来源.却勒1井、羊塔5井等地的碎屑物极可能来自3个物源区.研究区物源体系的分析与总体的古构造、古地理格局相一致,库车坳陷古近系基底东高西低,有大量陆源碎屑由东向西推进,东、西两侧的低凸起带和北缘的前陆前渊带构成的古构造特征决定着物源和岩相分布的总体格局.     

Geology of coal bearing Palaeogene sediments,onshore Torquay Basin,Victoria

New mapping at Anglesea coal mine, and coal resource and deep groundwater drilling have provided new perspectives on the economically important Eastern View Group coal bearing sedimentary succession in the onshore Torquay Basin. In the Anglesea Syncline, the upper 35 m thick brown coal seam of the Eastern View Group is overlain by a low angle unconformity. Units overlying the coal seams include high energy, cross cutting sand channels of the Boonah Formation and lower energy channel and interchannel systems of the overlying Salt Creek and Anglesea Formations. The mine section can be correlated from borehole data with the Eastern View Group and Demons Bluff Group exposed in coastal cliff sections along the adjacent Anglesea to Torquay coast. Recently drilled coal and groundwater exploration bores provide new data on the extent of the coal measures in the Anglesea area, and details of the underlying Tertiary succession that include typical Otway Basin units such as the Pember Mudstone and Pebble Point Formations. The stratigraphy below the coal measures suggests that the Otway Ranges were not present during Palaeogene times. The rank of the brown coals on and around the Otway Ranges is higher than any other Tertiary coals in onshore Victoria, and they preserve similar patterns of rank distribution to the high rank black coals in the underlying Lower Cretaceous Otway Group. Evidence for large overburden thicknesses is lacking, and the high ranks may have been augmented by higher than normal geothermal gradients in the Early Tertiary. Comparisons between the observed depositional cycles, sequence stratigraphic cycles, and worldwide coastal onlap curves suggest that the observed disconformity boundaries are sequence boundaries that provide a chronostratigraphic framework. Sequences present may include TB4.1–4.5 in the overburden units, and TB 2.4–3.6 in the coal bearing interval.     

黔东地区下江群凝灰岩锆石SHRIMP U-Pb年龄及其地层意义

本文报道黔桂地区晚前寒武纪下江群沉积地层凝灰岩(斑脱岩)获得高精度的锆石年龄,结合侵位四堡群花岗岩锆石年龄和四堡群斑脱岩锆石SHRIMP U-Pb年龄,将下江群明确定位于新元古代晚期沉积。该年龄对为重新界定下江群时代及同期地层的区域对比和构造演化都有着重要意义。江南古陆普遍发育的晚元古代低变质绿片岩系四堡群(梵净山群、冷家溪群、双桥山群)及上覆地层丹州群(下江群、板溪群、河上镇群),两者之间的构造界面,是人们争论的主题,其时代的定位一直影响着整个江南古陆变质基底的地层划分和对比,同时制约着中国地质学家对江南造山带的地质背景和成矿条件解疑。本文通过下江群甲路组地层中斑脱岩的锆石研究,精确地测定了甲路组斑脱岩锆石年龄(814.0±6.3)Ma和清水江组斑脱岩锆石年龄(773.6±7.9)Ma。上述锆石年龄解决了黔桂地区新元古代晚期沉积时代问题。     

鄂西神农架地区中元古界乱石沟组岩相古地理

神农架地区中元古界神农架群乱石沟组以发育碳酸盐潮汐沉积作用为显著特色，岩石类型以同生或准同生白云岩为主，沉积构造丰富，岩相标志清楚。本文通过十条实测剖面的综合研究共建立六种岩相类型在区域上，则划分为二个沉积相带及二个亚相带。由此，初步查明了神农架群乱石沟组沉积环境演化及岩相古地理分布特征     

宁夏香山群徐家圈组波痕特征及成因分析

宁夏香山群为一套遭受轻微区域变质的砂岩、页岩、石灰岩和硅岩,可分为徐家圈组、狼嘴子组和磨盘井组。徐家圈组为深海斜坡沉积,狼嘴子组和磨盘井组为深海平原沉积。在宁夏中卫大柳树沟和下石棚的徐家圈组下部发现波痕,波长分别为13～15 cm和8～12.5 cm,波高分别为约2 cm和1.1～2 cm。波痕所在岩层底部和下伏岩层见槽模,波痕上覆岩层中见交错层理。通过对波痕、槽模、交错层理进行野外资料的采集,对古流向进行了分析。大柳树沟的波痕、槽模、交错层理反映古流向分别为SSE向、SSE向和NE向;而在下石棚地区分别为NW向、SSW向和SWW向。本文用复合流模式分析了波痕的成因,并对槽模、波痕、交错层理组成的沉积构造组合的形成过程进行了阐述。     

山西吕梁地区岚河群沉积时代及形成环境：来自碎屑锆石U-Pb年龄和Hf同位素的证据

山西吕梁地区是华北克拉通保存古元古界变质表壳岩良好地区, 其中的岚河群在吕梁山北部岚县南北两侧大量出露, 由碎屑岩、碳酸盐岩夹少量基性火山岩等多个沉积旋回的沉积组合构成, 经历绿片岩相浅变质作用改造, 保留了大量原始沉积构造, 是探讨该群沉积 特征、形成时代及与其它表壳岩群关系的理想对象。 对岚河群 3 件样品的碎屑锆石 LA-ICP-MS U-Pb 定年, 获得底部含砾砂岩最年轻碎屑锆石 2.2 Ga 的峰值年龄, 该群经历了 1.87 Ga 的 区域变质作用, 因而限定岚河群沉积于 2.2～1.87 Ga 之间。 碎屑锆石年龄谱显示了～2.2 Ga 的 主峰期和～2.3 Ga 及太古代中晚期等较小峰期年龄, 指示主要源自古元古代陆壳物质源区, 它们的主峰期年龄锆石与吕梁地区同期岛弧花岗岩锆石 Hf 同位素特征一致, 且其沉积组合反映了物源区活动性较强, 证明岚河群形成于活动陆缘岛弧相关的沉积盆地。 野鸡山群下部的 青杨树湾组和白龙山组沉积组合与岚河群沉积地层序列类似, 它们均形成于 2.2 Ga 左右, 说明野鸡山下部沉积与岚河群相同, 也形成于活动陆缘岛弧环境的沉积盆地, 分别代表了盆地同时异相的沉积产物。 野鸡山群上部程道沟组与黑茶山群沉积序列类似, 具有造山过程相关盆地的磨拉石建造组合特征, 它们均形成于 1.85 Ga 之后, 代表与碰撞造山过程相关前陆盆地快速堆积。 因此, 3 个岩群表壳岩的沉积演化揭示了华北克拉通中部～2.2 Ga 俯冲汇聚相关的活动陆缘岛弧环境, 在～1.85 Ga 转为陆-陆碰撞造山演化过程。     

澜沧江杂岩带澜沧群浅变质岩系碎屑锆石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb年代学及其构造意义

澜沧群出露于滇西"三江"地区的南段,其主要岩石由遭受低级变质作用改造的泥质岩和基性火山岩组成。这些岩石普遍经历了古特提斯洋的闭合以及随后的洋陆俯冲过程,是研究古特提斯洋俯冲-碰撞过程的重要窗口。但是有关澜沧群的形成时代、物质来源以及形成的构造背景等一系列问题长期以来存在着多种争议。本文对澜沧群中3件石英岩和1件绢云母变质石英砂岩样品中分选出的碎屑锆石进行了阴极发光图像分析和LA-ICP-MS U-Pb年代学研究。澜沧群浅变质岩系碎屑锆石具有明显或弱的振荡环带和较高的Th/U比值,表明岩浆成因。年代学分析结果表明,4件浅变质岩石样品均得到了两组主要年龄峰值,分别为530Ma和930Ma、570Ma和915Ma、540Ma和960Ma、570Ma和910Ma。本次研究中碎屑锆石U-Pb年龄主要分布在570~530Ma和960~910Ma。其中,最年轻的碎屑锆石年龄峰值~530Ma,支持了前人认为澜沧群沉积时代为中奥陶纪(462~454Ma)的认识。本研究中澜沧群浅变质岩系碎屑锆石年龄分布特征表明源区可能主要为泛非期和罗迪尼亚超大陆聚合-裂解过程中形成的岩浆岩。碎屑锆石磨圆较好指示其经历了较长距离的搬运。澜沧群浅变质岩系碎屑锆石与羌塘、特提斯喜马拉雅和拉萨地体变沉积岩或地层中碎屑锆石具有相似的年龄分布特征,表明它们可能具有相似的源区。     

东秦岭中段宽坪群秦岭群地层厘定

东秦岭中段商州地区下元古界宽坪群，秦岭群经１：５００００区调研究，宽坪自下而上建立了竹林沟组，四岔口组，广东坪组，麻街组，谢湾组等五个有序地层组和层位不确切的五峰山岩组。秦岭群属无序岩群，可分为变基性火山岩夹黑云变粒岩组合，黑云变粒岩夹条带状斜长角闪岩组合与浅粒岩夹大理岩组合，推断三种岩石组合可依次由老至新。     

Facies in an Upper Permian volcanic succession,Emmaville Volcanics,Deepwater, northeastern New South Wales

The Upper Permian Emmaville Volcanics at Deepwater, northeastern New South Wales, consist of a diverse succession of calc‐alkaline silicic‐intermediate ignimbrites, volcaniclastics and minor lavas. This 2.5 km‐thick sequence underlies and outcrops extensively along the northern margin of the Dundee Rhyodacite Outlier at Dundee. Detailed mapping and facies analysis have revealed eight locally mappable units namely; Magistrate Volcanic Member (rhyolitic ignimbrites), Wollundi Mudstone Member, Dellwood Ignimbrite Member, Marrawarra Rhyolite Member, Top‐Crossing Sandstone Member, Arranmor Ignimbrite Member, Yarramundi Andesite Member (lava, breccia) and Welcome Volcanic Member (rhyolitic ignimbrites). All volcanic units are contained in two fault‐bounded blocks of different lithology and structure. The volcanic succession ranges in composition from andesite to high‐silica rhyolite (58.6–78% SiO₂). Chemical characteristics include enrichment in K₂O (>3.5%), Al₂O₃ and large‐ion lithophile elements (LILE: Rb, K and light rare‐earth elements (LREE)), and depletion in high field strength elements (HFSE: Ti, Nb and Zr). These geochemical attributes reflect a continental subduction‐related signature. The facies architecture indicates that the principal volcanic features of the Late Permian palaeogeography in northeastern New South Wales was a topographically subdued depression flanked by low‐angle ignimbrite sheets with rhyolitic‐intermediate volcanic centres rising gently from the sloping terrain. The succession demonstrates that during the Late Permian andesitic volcanism was present, although localised. A modern analogue for the setting of the Emmaville Volcanics is the Quaternary Taupo Volcanic Zone (New Zealand).     

兰州-民和盆地河口群层序地层格架特征及盆地演化

兰州-民和盆地河口群形成于早白垩世,其间充填了巨厚的陆源碎屑物,碎屑物的组合内容和方式反映了冲积扇相、扇三角洲相、湖泊相沉积体系占主导。盆地地层层序具有退积型、加积型、进积型叠置的变化旋回,显示了全韵律的特点,代表了构造旋回幕的产物。根据盆地的发展演化特征和层序界面的确定,初步建立了盆地的层序地层格架,同时阐述了盆地的演化过程。