重力负载对库车褶皱冲断带盐构造的影响

库车褶皱冲断带新生代沉积了库姆格列木群和吉迪克组2套盐岩,发育复杂的盐构造,重力负载对其形成和发育具有重要影响。利用水压头分析方法,分析了重力对库车褶皱冲断带盐构造的影响。重力负载对盐岩流动的影响包括重力扩张和沉积负载2种,重力扩张作用由盐岩受自身重力控制,而沉积负载作用由上覆沉积物重力作用控制。水压头分析表明在盐岩高程大的地方,其沉积负载往往更小。在重力扩张和沉积负载共同作用下,库车褶皱冲断带不会发生由盐岩自身重力而形成的重力扩张,重力负载对库车褶皱冲断带盐岩的影响仅表现为沉积差异负载作用。     

“一带一路”沿线国家矿业投资风险评价——基于改进的灰色关联分析模型

随着共建“一带一路”倡议的推进,中国对沿线国家矿业投资稳步增长。由于部分国家特殊的政治、经济、文化背景,使得投资活动常面临众多风险,因此,有必要对矿业投资风险进行科学评价,以提高风险抵御能力。以国际投资风险一体化分析框架为基础,提出从社会一般环境与行业一般环境2个维度展开的矿业投资风险评价“四层次”指标体系,然后运用灰色系统理论的重要工具灰色关联分析对指标体系进行了实证研究。研究结果表明,政局稳定程度是影响矿业投资风险的首要因素,其次为外交关系情况、基础设施建设、矿产资源禀赋、对外单项投资和国民教育水平;以国别进行风险评价的研究结果表明,越南、印度尼西亚等为低风险国家,哈萨克斯坦、波兰等为中风险国家,巴基斯坦、伊朗等为高风险国家。     

郯庐断裂带合肥—宿迁段及邻区大地电磁三维成像

本文利用覆盖郯庐断裂带合肥—宿迁段及邻区的大地电磁阵列数据, 应用大地电磁三维反演技术和印模重构方法, 获得了测区可靠的三维电阻率模型.该电性模型中, 郯庐断裂带东西两侧在浅部均有高阻分布, 在深部电性结构显著不同, 具有西低东高的特征, 而郯庐断裂带则是两侧高低阻明显分界带; 在南北方向, 电性结构也存在较大不均匀性, 嘉山地区呈现低阻特征, 是断裂带上的电性分界点, 郯庐断裂带在此处由北部的四条主断裂变成南部的两条.结合研究区地质、大地测量和地震学等资料, 综合分析结果表明: 郯庐断裂带作为苏鲁造山带和张八岭隆起高阻体陡立的西边界, 切割深度超过莫霍面.嘉山地区相对低阻分割了张八岭高阻条带与苏鲁高阻体, 阻碍了断层上应力的传递, 造成了嘉山北、南两侧断裂带构造变形强、弱的变化, 从电性结构上证实了郯庐断裂带具有分段性的特征; 苏鲁高阻体南端向西偏转穿过郯庐断裂带, 阻碍断层滑动, 致使泗洪—嘉山段存在应力积累和断层闭锁的地震孕育环境, 其地震危险性值得关注.

     

The eruptive history of the Tequila volcanic field, western Mexico: ages, volumes, and relative proportions of lava types

The eruptive history of the Tequila volcanic field (1600 km²) in the western Trans-Mexican Volcanic Belt is based on ⁴⁰Ar/³⁹Ar chronology and volume estimates for eruptive units younger than 1 Ma. Ages are reported for 49 volcanic units, including Volcán Tequila (an andesitic stratovolcano) and peripheral domes, flows, and scoria cones. Volumes of volcanic units 1 Ma were obtained with the aid of field mapping, ortho aerial photographs, digital elevation models (DEMs), and ArcGIS software. Between 1120 and 200 kyrs ago, a bimodal distribution of rhyolite (~35 km³) and high-Ti basalt (~39 km³) dominated the volcanic field. Between 685 and 225 kyrs ago, less than 3 km³ of andesite and dacite erupted from more than 15 isolated vents; these lavas are crystal-poor and show little evidence of storage in an upper crustal chamber. Approximately 200 kyr ago, ~31 km³ of andesite erupted to form the stratocone of Volcán Tequila. The phenocryst assemblage of these lavas suggests storage within a chamber at ~2–3 km depth. After a hiatus of ~110 kyrs, ~15 km³ of andesite erupted along the W and SE flanks of Volcán Tequila at ~90 ka, most likely from a second, discrete magma chamber located at ~5–6 km depth. The youngest volcanic feature (~60 ka) is the small andesitic volcano Cerro Tomasillo (~2 km³). Over the last 1 Myr, a total of 128±22 km³ of lava erupted in the Tequila volcanic field, leading to an average eruption rate of ~0.13 km³/kyr. This volume erupted over ~1600 km², leading to an average lava accumulation rate of ~8 cm/kyr. The relative proportions of lava types are ~22–43% basalt, ~0.4–1% basaltic andesite, ~29–54% andesite, ~2–3% dacite, and ~18–40% rhyolite. On the basis of eruptive sequence, proportions of lava types, phenocryst assemblages, textures, and chemical composition, the lavas do not reflect the differentiation of a single (or only a few) parental liquids in a long-lived magma chamber. The rhyolites are geochemically diverse and were likely formed by episodic partial melting of upper crustal rocks in response to emplacement of basalts. There are no examples of mingled rhyolitic and basaltic magmas. Whatever mechanism is invoked to explain the generation of andesite at the Tequila volcanic field, it must be consistent with a dominantly bimodal distribution of high-Ti basalt and rhyolite for an 800 kyr interval beginning ~1 Ma, which abruptly switched to punctuated bursts of predominantly andesitic volcanism over the last 200 kyrs.Electronic Supplementary Material Supplementary material is available in the online version of this article at Editorial responsility: J. Donnelly-NolanThis revised version was published online in January 2005 with corrections to Tables 1 and 3.An erratum to this article can be found at     

“一带一路”成员国居民健康状况的时空统计分析

健康是影响不同国家和地区发展的关键因素,全面了解“一带一路”成员国的居民健康状况,是探讨“一带一路”成员国之间健康医疗合作的重要基础。本文选择了4个代表性的健康状况指标（出生期望寿命、总生育率、过早非传染性疾病死亡率和结核病发病率）,利用Moran's I指数、Getis-Ord G指数对“一带一路”135个成员国的健康状况进行时空统计,分析了健康状况的空间相关性和空间分布模式,研究了健康状况的时空格局。研究发现：① 2000—2016年“一带一路”大部分成员国的各项健康状况指标均朝着改善和优化方向发展;健康状况指标均呈现显著的正空间自相关性;② 总体而言,在“一带一路”成员国中,欧洲国家的居民健康状况最好;南北美洲和大洋洲国家的居民健康状况良好;亚洲国家的居民健康状况总体良好,但东南亚部分国家的结核病发病率较高;非洲国家的居民健康状况虽有明显改善,但仍处于较低状态。因此,“一带一路”成员国应进一步加强健康医疗合作,共同推动健康丝绸之路的发展。     

东南极普里兹带高级变质作用演化

东南极普里兹带是经历泛非期高级变质和强烈变形的造山带,其内发现有经历格林维尔期高级变质事件的残块。格林维尔期变质矿物组合局部见于姐妹岛和赖于尔群岛,其高峰变质条件达到>950℃和>0.95GPa。泛非期高级变质作用是区域性的,其高峰变质并不像前人想象的那样只发生在中低压麻粒岩相条件下,而是高达850~950℃和0.90~0.95GPa。这些岩石随后经历了近等温减压过程,在760~860℃和0.55~0.70GPa的条件下达到了重新平衡,并进一步减压或近等压冷却至450~750℃和0.30~0.50GPa。同造山的紫苏花岗岩在减压伸展阶段侵位于格罗夫山地区的变质杂岩中,而晚-后造山的A型花岗岩、伟晶岩和花岗岩脉则遍布于整个普里兹带,从而构成一个完整的造山演化序列。由此可见,现有研究资料支持普里兹带是一条冈瓦纳超大陆在泛非期拼合的碰撞造山带的认识。     

造山带弧形构造——西昆仑—帕米尔弧及其预测

对比利牛斯等造山带典型弧形构造的分析表明,弧形构造是造山带尤其是板内碰撞造山带的普遍特征,可分为挤压逆冲-推覆主动型构造和推覆-滑覆被动型弧形构造。西昆仑—帕米尔是与比利牛斯Basque弧在空间形态、运动学及动力学特征等方面一致的挤压逆冲-推覆主动型弧形构造,推测该弧中部存在一巨大的底部低角度逆掩断层并由根部带向北延伸达100多公里,康西瓦断裂(基底缝合带)可能是主根部逆冲断层带。     

Hydrothermal alteration processes in the giant Dahutang tungsten deposit,South China: Implications from litho-geochemistry and mass balance calculation

The giant Dahutang tungsten (W) deposit has a total reserve of more than 1.31 Mt WO₃. Veinlet-disseminated scheelite and vein type wolframite mineralization are developed in this deposit, which are related to Late Mesozoic biotite granite. Four major types of alterations, which include albitization, potassic-alteration, and greisenization, and overprinted silicification developed in contact zone. The mass balance calculate of the four alteration types were used to further understanding of the mineralization process. The fresh porphyritic biotite granite has high Nb, Ta, and W, but low Ca and Sr while the Jiuling granodiorite has high Ca and Sr, but low Nb, Ta, and W concentrations. The altered porphyritic biotite granite indicated that the Nb, Ta, and W were leached out from the fresh porphyritic biotite granite, especially by sodic alteration. The low Ca and Sr contents of the altered Neoproterozoic Jiuling granodiorite indicate that Ca and Sr had been leached out from the fresh granodiorite by the fluid from Mesozoic porphyritic biotite granites. The metal W of the Dahutang deposit was mainly derived from the fluid exsolution from the melt and alteration of W-bearing granites. This study of alteration presents a new hydrothermal circulation model to understand tungsten mineralization in the Dahutang deposit.     

内蒙古黄岗—甘珠尔庙成矿带铅锌矿综合信息找矿模型

以产于黄岗—甘珠尔庙成矿带的铅锌矿产为预测矿种,以铅锌矿矿床为目标物,较系统地分析了地层、岩浆岩等地质条件与铅锌矿产的关系,查明各种地质条件对铅锌矿产的控制作用与控制方式。二叠系与铅锌成矿在空间分布和物质成分方面有着密切的联系,锰质钙铁辉石夕卡岩及火山沉积岩为铅锌成矿提供物质来源;燕山期岩浆侵入活动形成的中酸性侵入体为有利岩体;成矿带内多组方向断裂的交汇部位是矿化富集区,使得矿床以北东成带、东西成行,各矿床之间具有等距离的特点进行分布。由地质信息、地球化学信息及矿化信息构成的矿床级别的综合信息找矿模型,为成矿带内铅锌矿产预测提供了理论依据。