河南东濮凹陷构造样式分析

东濮凹陷古近系整体构造特征表现为复杂半地堑结构,具有"东西分带和南北分段"的特征。NNE向基底断裂发育,呈带状分布。大致沿白庙—南何家一带、毛岗—柳屯一带发育两条EW向的区域性构造变换带,将古近系伸展断陷分为南、中、北3个区段,不同区段横剖面上的构造样式、沉积格局、乃至油气聚集特征均有很大的差异。在复杂的构造发展过程中,东濮凹陷参与构造变形的岩石类型既有碎屑岩又有盐岩,构造应力场性质以张性为主,后期叠加了扭性应力。因此,在东濮凹陷不同构造部位形成了以伸展断裂构造、变换构造、伸展褶皱和盐构造为主的伸展构造样式,伴有走滑构造样式,盆地性质为裂谷盆地。     

东营凹陷古近系砂岩储层成岩耗水评价

成岩作用过程中会发生流体浓缩现象,对油气成藏具有重要影响。综合岩石薄片、测试分析及地质统计资料,在成岩矿物蚀变耗水作用研究的基础上,对东营凹陷古近系砂岩储层成岩耗水进行了整体评价。结果表明,东营凹陷古近系砂岩储层成岩过程中普遍发生了耗水作用,耗水反应主要为长石高岭石化,砂体总耗水量平均为383亿t。纵向上,砂岩的长石转化率和耗水量明显存在浅部和深部2个高峰区段,即1200~2000 m和2000~3500 m。平面上,东营凹陷不同区带砂岩耗水量有差异,南部缓坡带和北部陡坡带的浅部区段长石转化率和单位体积耗水量大,洼陷带的长石转化率和单位体积耗水量则以深部区段为主,由于深部区段砂体体积大,造成深部区段尤其是洼陷带砂体耗水量大。     

RADIOCARBON DATING OF A PEAT DEPOSIT IN THE CUCAMONGA FAULT ZONE,CALIFORNIA*

A sequence of peat beds was deposited in a small sag pond along the Cucamonga fault zone during late Holocene. The stratigraphic section of this deposit is described; several beds have been radiocarbon dated. Comparison of radiometric and stratigraphic chronologies allows reconstruction of the geomorphic history of the sag pond, which extends back 3000 years, and establishes evidence that the fault has been active within the very recent geologic past.     

苏北洪泽凹陷古近系生物地层研究

洪泽凹陷古近系地层发育齐全 ,介形虫、轮藻、孢粉化石丰富 ,根据其属种分布规律 ,建立了 E1 f— E2 s的 12个化石组合序列 ,论述了各门类化石组合特征及对比关系。在此基础上 ,结合岩、电性对比 ,确立了顺河次凹和管镇次凹综合柱状图、地层对比图以及可用于凹陷内地层对比的 7个岩电性特征段。得出本区古近系除三垛运动和吴堡运动造成不整合或假整合外 ,其余组、段间皆为整合接触的结论     

济源凹陷下第三系碎屑岩的成岩作用特征

根据砂岩铸体薄片、扫描电镜和Ｘ－衍射分析资料，研究了济源凹陷下第三系碎屑岩主要的成岩作用特征，并说明了压实作用、胶结作用和溶蚀作用是影响下第三系碎屑岩储集层孔隙结构的主要因素。     

Pressure evolution and hydrocarbon migration in the Baiyun sag, Pearl River Mouth basin, China

The Pearl River Mouth basin is one of the most important offshore basins in China. Petroleum exploration in the deep-water area is to start in the Baiyun sag in the basin. Due to the high cost of exploration in deep-water areas, the hydrocarbon migration and pressure evolution needs to be thoroughly probed before any actual exploration is to be done. Drilling results have indicated that the pore pressure is hydrostatic in shallow-water area. The mud diapirs found in the Baiyun sag indicate that there may be overpressure in the deep-water area. At present, little is known about hydrocarbon migration and pressure distribution in deep-water areas. On the basis of geological data from wells and basin modeling, the research comes to the following conclusions. (1) At least three episodic accumulations and releases of pressure had happened in the Cenozoic, which were closely related to the three regional tectonic movements: the Zhu-Qiong movement in the Late Eocene, the Nanhai movement in the Middle Oligocene and the Dongsha movement between the latest Middle Miocene and Late Miocene. The pressure release and associated hydrocarbon migration occurred primarily during the Dongsha movement, when most of the overpressure was released to hydrostatic pressure except for some overpressure in the deep-water area. (2) Both the measured pressure and the modeling results indicate that the pore pressure is hydrostatic pressure in the shallow-water area. Abnormally high pressure in the deep-water area is noted to be present. The difference of pressure distribution is caused by the lithologies, facies and faults. (3) The diapirs in the deep water cannot be driven by the overpressure because the maximum pressure is less than 9.0 MPa in the course of pressure evolution. (4) The fluids migrated to the shallow-water area and deep-water area along faults. Some faults connected the deep-water fans with the hydrocarbon source. Huge oil and gas fields may be formed in the deep-water area more favourably than in the shallow-water area. Translated from Earth Science-Journal of China University of Geosciences, 2006, 31(2): 229–236 [译自: 地球科学—中国地质大学学报]     

A study on the geochemical characteristics of natural gas and gas sources in the Bozhong sag

Natural gas is composed largely of hydrocarbon gas, especially wet gas in the Bozhong sag. The carbon isotopic composition shows that the gas is of organic origin. The carbon isotopic values of ethane indicate that the natural gas is dominated by mixed gas with minor coal-generated gas and oil-type gas. A gas-source correlation study showed that the source rocks of natural gas are those of the Lower Dongying Formation, the Shahejie Formation and the pre-Tertiary. The natural gas is characterized by multi-source and continuous generation in the study area, indicating that gas exploration potential is good in the Bozhong sag.     

辽河坳陷东部凹陷火山岩构造裂缝形成机制

研究区内最主要的次生裂缝是构造裂缝,是火山岩受构造应力作用后产生的裂缝。按规模构造裂缝可以分为区域构造裂缝与局部构造裂缝。局部构造裂缝包括与纵弯褶皱有关的裂缝、与横弯褶皱有关的裂缝和与断层有关的裂缝。构造裂缝反映出的应力场与区域或局部的应力场是一致的,同时不同级别、不同期次的断层活动过程也是局部或区域裂缝产生和叠加的过程。本区的区域构造裂缝的产生与整个辽河盆地新生代时期,受燕山运动、喜山运动、、幕的强烈影响过程中应力场的变化是一致的。构造裂缝的规模相对较大,在岩体中分布广、研究程度高、规律性强,且成组出现。火山岩要成为良好的储层,必须发育由后期构造作用产生的构造裂缝,将原生的孔隙连通起来,才能成为好的储层。因此,构造裂缝的形成机制对研究裂缝性储层具有十分重要的意义。