New interpretation on the provenance changes of the upper Pinghu–lower Huagang Formation within Xihu Depression,East China Sea Shelf Basin

Both Pinghu and Huagang formations are important hydrocarbon reservoirs of the Xihu Depression in the East China Sea Shelf Basin. Clarifying the source suppliers and restoring source-to-sink transport routes are of great significance to the future petroleum and gas undertakings. Previous researchers were largely confined by either limitation of geological records, highly dependence on a singular method or low-precision dating techniques. Our study integrated heavy mineral assemblages, geochemica...     

鄂尔多斯盆地志丹油田原油含氮化合物特征与石油充注

针对鄂尔多斯盆地延长组致密油充注、运移、成藏研究中存在的问题,运用原油中性含氮化合物测试技术,研究了志丹油田纸坊区延长组石油充注方向。结果表明：纸坊区延长组原油具有相同的成因和相似的热演化程度;石油总体由中部向西部、东北部发生充注,具体表现为：沿着充注方向,原油中性含氮化合物总量增加、原油成熟度逐渐降低、暴露型化合物相对含量增加。原油充注方向与烃源岩厚度变薄所指示的方向一致,且以短距离充注为主。研究结果对延长组致密油成藏机理研究及勘探选区评价具有积极意义。     

鄂尔多斯盆地延长组深水重力流岩相发育特征及其储集性

鄂尔多斯盆地陇东地区长7、长6油层组广泛发育深水重力流,基于对长7-长6段共计852.7 m岩心的精细分析并结合测井、录井等数据,总结分析了湖盆重力流沉积岩相的类型、成因、特征和发育规律。综合岩石类型、沉积构造和发育规模,共识别出8种岩相类型,分别是：滑动砂岩相(Sl)、滑塌砂岩相(Ss)、滑塌泥岩相(Sm)、中-薄层块状含砾砂岩相(Sc)、中-薄层块状纯净砂岩相(Sp)、厚层块状含砾砂岩相(St)、块状含砾泥岩相(Mc)、中-薄层具层理砂岩夹泥岩相(Tb)。按照Shanmugam基于重力流沉积过程的分类方法,Sl是滑动成因,Ss、Sm是滑塌成因,St、Sp、Sc、Mc是碎屑流成因,Tb是浊流成因。不同岩相发育规模差别较大,从累计厚度和发育频次上看,St、Sp规模最大。砂岩岩相可构成良好储层,St储层质量最好,其次为Sp、Sc,但Sp、Sc的发育规模远大于St,综合认为在实际勘探中Sp、Sc是重力流储层最有利的勘探目标。     

白云凹陷恩平组南部物源研究及其油气地质意义

恩平组是珠江口盆地白云凹陷已经获得勘探证实的主要烃源层系。对其物源的清晰认识是潜力烃源和有利储层发育研究的重要基础。基于大量的三维地震解释和有限的钻井资料分析,提出白云凹陷恩平组时期不仅有来自北部盆外物源的输入,同时存在来自南部隆起的物源贡献。已钻井岩石学特征、古地貌分析、地震剖面特征和碎屑锆石年代学特征表明,白云凹陷西南部恩平组具有砂地比超过80%、粒度较粗、发育NE向大规模高角度“S”型前积地震相、具有物源通道的古地貌以及碎屑锆石以中生代岩浆锆石为主的特征,这与凹陷北部盆外具有NW向较平缓的“叠瓦状”前积地震相和较老的前寒武纪—古生代的碎屑锆石年龄的特征截然不同。综合分析认为,恩平组时期白云凹陷的南部隆起物源为白云凹陷西南部提供了充足的陆源物质供给,对白云西南部的优质陆源海相烃源岩的发育有重要作用;同时云开低凸起恩平组砂体埋深浅,粒度粗,是重要的潜在优质储层,具有重要的勘探意义。     

渤海湾盆地沙河街组钙质超微化石古生态及沉积环境

渤海湾盆地沙河街组中钙质超微化石的发现,表明这一时期渤海湾盆地与海水有过联系。对钙质超微化石古生态及沉积环境研究表明,化石主要产出时代为始新世晚期至渐新世早中期,属“间冰期”亚热带气候型。这一问题的深入研究,对于渤海湾盆地的石油勘探有重要意义。     

Defining the concept of stratigraphic grade and applying it to stratal (reservoir) architecture and evolution of the slope-to-basin profile: An outcrop perspective

Stratigraphic grade is the similarity of the morphology of successive slope-to-basin profiles in a genetically related depositional system. In this article we use data collected from regional cross-sections of six depositional systems, stratal architecture derived from outcrops of the Lewis Shale (Wyoming, USA), and the Ross Sandstone (Ireland), and supplementary outcrop and subsurface data from other depositional systems to determine how stratigraphic grade relates to stratal (reservoir) architecture in deepwater systems.Four methods are developed that collectively define stratigraphic grade: (1) regional stacking patterns of fourth-order stratigraphic surfaces, (2) the relationship between the trajectory of the shelf edge (T_se) and the trajectory of the depocenter (T_d) for fourth-order stratigraphic units, (3) morphology of the slope-to-basin profiles of fourth-order stratigraphic surfaces, and (4) the similarity of the morphologies of slope-to-basin profiles of fourth-order surfaces in a system (σ_s, σ_r). Several characteristics of stratigraphic (reservoir) architecture of fourth-order stratigraphic cycles are related to stratigraphic grade: (1) longitudinal distribution of sandstone in fourth-order cycles, (2) location of maximum sandstone relative to the depocenter of fourth-order cycles, (3) lengths of fourth-order submarine fans, and (4) longitudinal and vertical distribution of architectural elements. Stratigraphic grade is thus a predictor of reservoir architecture and can thereby be used to reduce the uncertainty in the interpretation of subsurface data.The concept of stratigraphic grade is useful in understanding the stratigraphic evolution of deepwater systems. Most deepwater systems analyzed in this study initiated as out-of-grade and temporally evolved to graded systems over a time span of millions of years. Systems rarely evolve from graded to out-of-grade. First-order controls on stratigraphic grade are determined to be angle of slope, tectonically forced changes in angle of slope during deposition, and sediment supply.     

Composition, porosity, and reservoir potential of the Middle Jurassic Kashafrud Formation, northeast Iran

In the Kopet-Dagh Basin of Iran, deep-sea sandstones and shales of the Middle Jurassic Kashafrud Formation are disconformably overlain by hydrocarbon-bearing carbonates of Upper Jurassic and Cretaceous age. To explore the reservoir potential of the sandstones, we studied their burial history using more than 500 thin sections, supplemented by heavy mineral analysis, microprobe analysis, porosity and permeability determination, and vitrinite reflectance.The sandstones are arkosic and lithic arenites, rich in sedimentary and volcanic rock fragments. Quartz overgrowths and pore-filling carbonate cements (calcite, dolomite, siderite and ankerite) occluded most of the porosity during early to deep burial, assisted by early compaction that improved packing and fractured quartz grains. Iron oxides are prominent as alteration products of framework grains, probably reflecting source-area weathering prior to deposition, and locally as pore fills. Minor cements include pore-filling clays, pyrite, authigenic albite and K-feldspar, and barite. Existing porosity is secondary, resulting largely from dissolution of feldspars, micas, and rock fragments, with some fracture porosity. Porosity and permeability of six samples averages 3.2% and 0.0023 mD, respectively, and 150 thin-section point counts averaged 2.7% porosity. Reflectance of vitrinite in eight sandstone samples yielded values of 0.64-0.83%, in the early mature to mature stage of hydrocarbon generation, within the oil window.Kashafrud Formation petrographic trends were compared with trends from first-cycle basins elsewhere in the world. Inferred burial conditions accord with the maturation data, suggesting only a moderate thermal regime during burial. Some fractures, iron oxide cements, and dissolution may reflect Cenozoic tectonism and uplift that created the Kopet-Dagh Mountains. The low porosity and permeability levels of Kashafrud Formation sandstones suggest only a modest reservoir potential. For such tight sandstones, fractures may enhance the reservoir potential.     

东胜煤田北部延安组沉积体系及聚煤特征

鄂尔多斯盆地延安组在全盆地发育,是盆地内最重要的含煤、油、气地层之一,依据大量的钻井、测井资料,运用沉积学的方法,对东胜煤田艾来五库沟-台吉召延安组沉积体系及聚煤特征进行了分析。研究认为延安组为辫状河、曲流河及辫状河三角洲沉积,沉积微相主要发育有辫状河体系的河床滞留沉积及心滩、河漫滩和河漫沼泽沉积;曲流河体系的河床滞留沉积、边滩、天然堤、河漫滩、河漫沼泽和河漫湖泊沉积;辫状河三角洲体系的分支河道、天然堤和河漫沼泽沉积等。辫状河及曲流河垂向上表现为下粗上细的间断性正韵律或正旋回,为典型的河流二元结构特征。聚煤特征分析认为,辫状河和曲流河体系河漫沼泽环境是有利成煤场所,由于河道的冲刷、下切作用,辫状河道和曲流河道形成的煤层厚度较小、侧向连续性差;三角洲体系的三角洲平原是有利的成煤带,其煤层具有厚度较大、结构较为简单、分布范围较广、连续性较好的特征。     

Large Tetrapod Burrows from the Permian Naobaogou Formation of the Daqingshan Area,Nei Mongol,China

Two new tetrapod burrow casts from the Naobaogou Formation （Middle or Late Permian） of Nei Mongol,China are described.It marks the first pre-Cenozoic tetrapod burrow from China,and one of the earliest records of tetrapod burrows.Comparison to other Permian and Triassic burrows suggests that these burrows were created by tetrapod slightly smaller than Lystrosaurus.Deduced from the morphology and sizes of two burrows and known tetrapods of the Naobaogou Formation,the burrow should be the production of a therapsid,most likely a dicynodon.These burrows indicate a seasonal climate and this area was semiarid or arid during that time.     

歧南断阶带明下段低阻油层地质成因

为了更好地预测区域内低阻油层分布,以岩心、室内试验数据及薄片资料为基础,对歧南断阶带明下段低阻油层的成因机理及控制因素进行了研究。结果表明：研究区低阻油层成因机理主要包括低幅构造、复杂孔隙结构、黏土矿物附加导电性、砂泥岩薄互层、淡水水入侵及钻井液污染6个方面。低阻油层地质成因包括构造、沉积及成岩作用3个方面,明下段沉积时期频繁而强烈的断层活动导致原生油藏发生淡水水侵,同时形成低幅构造,导致低幅构造型低阻油藏发育。受可容空间与沉积物供给比值变化影响,研究区内发育砂泥薄互层型及复杂孔隙结构型低阻油层。早成岩阶段较弱的成岩作用导致研究区发育黏土矿物附加导电性及钻井液污染型低阻油层。受以上3种因素影响,歧南断阶带明下段地层中低阻油层主要发育于与断层相接的低幅构造区域内的弱水动力区。