合武铁路大别山隧道地质勘察综述

本文采用了遥感、野外调查、物探、机动钻探等多种技术手段对合武铁路大别山隧道进行了地质勘察。首先采用遥感并结合区域地质资料对测区进行宏观的初步判释,其次进行大面积野外地质调查、验证和充实细节资料,再对于重要或者判释不明的局部区域采用物探和机动钻探进行补充勘察。这种由宏观到细节,由粗糙到精细的勘察方法能够做到有的放矢,节省勘察经费。     

江西湖口隧道工程地质条件评价

论述了江西湖口隧道场区的地层岩性条件。根据断层、层面、节理结构面的组合赤平投影图,判定了隧道西洞口与东洞口自然斜坡的稳定性,以及隧道西洞口、东洞口SW、东洞口NE路堑坡的稳定性。F2、F2′、F3断层横切洞体,断层与洞体交汇处及软岩分布区,围岩不稳定,易出现掉块及小塌方。提出了短开挖、弱爆破、强支护、先排水隧道的施工方案。     

江西永平爆破北西测线资料再解释

本文利用江西永平爆破北西测线深地震测深资料,综合分析了其走时、振幅及频率特性,得到江西东北部地壳结构。利用振幅特性来减少反演的非唯一性。关于振幅特性分析,第一步用经典射线理论分析这一地区的振幅响应趋势;第二步用波动理论方法严格计算临界点附近的振幅特性,进一步研究经典射线理论方法的应用可能。最后还利用隧道波理论分析了永平爆破资料,得出这一地区的地壳上部可能存在低速层;地壳深部可能存在高速薄层,厚度在1km以内,速度为7.40km/s左右;莫霍面顶部为一梯度层结构。结果表明,既使在较稳定的地台区,地壳内部的结构也可能是相当复杂的。     

Application of an impact plate – Bedload transport measuring system for high-speed flows

To achieve the sustainable use of dams, the development of methods for sediment management in reservoirs is required. One such method includes the use of Sediment Bypass Tunnels (SBTs) to divert sediment around a dam, thereby preventing sedimentation in the reservoir. However, SBTs are prone to severe invert abrasion caused by the high sediment flux. Therefore, it is necessary to establish a measurement system of the sediment transport rate in these tunnels. One system to measure sediment transport in rivers is the Swiss plate geophone, which can register plate vibrations caused by particle impact. In Japan, the Japanese pipe microphone is used, and sediment transport is measured based on the sound emitted by the particle impact. In this study an attempt was made to optimize the advantages of both systems by fixing a microphone and an acceleration sensor to a steel plate. The results of calibration experiments with this new system are presented and compared with the existing methods. It was found that the acceleration sensor can detect sediment particles larger than 2 mm in diameter. Moreover, a new parameter, referred to as the detection rate, was introduced to describe the correlation between the actual amount of sediment and the registered output. Finally, two parameters - the saturation rate and hit rate - are introduced and exhibit strong correlation with the detection rate.     

Surface movements in a rock massif induced by drainage associated to tunnel excavation

Surface movements were measured in the Gotthard massif as the Gotthard Base Tunnel was excavated. These movements might damage concrete dams constructed on the surface valleys. The leading assumption of this work is that deformation is induced by the dissipation of pore pressures in the massif caused by tunnel drainage. Deformations induce both horizontal and vertical surface displacements. Horizontal displacements, may lead to valley closures if they are in opposite direction, which would induce negative effects on arch dams. An analytical solution is derived using the method of images and an approximated integration of deformations to calculate the movements and the flow rate collected in the tunnel. Numerical calculations were carried out in 2D (vertical cross section) and 3D to investigate the problem under different conditions and to study the effect of parameters. The 3D models permit to incorporate the presence of a vertical fracture perpendicular to the tunnel that increases the drainage and pressure drop as it is hit by the tunnel. It was also possible to simulate the impermeabilization works in the tunnel to reduce drainage and consequently, movements. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

隧道在地裂缝处的沥青混凝土复合衬砌的力学响应分析

针对隧道分缝衬砌结构为适应地裂缝错动造成位移变形而采用的流变性沥青混凝土复合衬砌置于初次衬砌和永久衬砌之间,改善隧道受力条件,以及沥青混凝土密封变形缝防止隧道渗漏的新型技术,应用有限差分数值方法,模拟隧道围岩土层结构及土材料的弹塑性、开挖支护施工过程、复合衬砌沥青混凝土的弹粘塑性、地裂缝两侧上、下盘土层相对错动位移变化,进行了地裂缝隧道永久衬砌结构分缝支护、初次衬砌和永久衬砌中间复合无缝沥青混凝土衬砌的力学响应特性分析。结果表明沥青混凝土复合衬砌能够抑制地裂缝错动位移条件下永久分缝衬砌段的水平位移和旋转位移,其流变变形调整和改善了永久分缝内衬的受力状态,减小了地裂缝附近衬砌结构的集中受拉受压作用。     

Probabilistic analysis of underground rock excavations using response surface method and SORM

Probabilistic analysis of underground rock excavations is performed using response surface method and SORM, in which the quadratic polynomial with cross terms is used to approximate the implicit limit state surface at the design point. The response surface is found using an iterative algorithm and the probability of failure is evaluated using the first-order and the second-order reliability method (FORM/SORM). Independent standard normal variables in U-space are chosen as basic random variables and transformed into correlated non-normal variables in the original space of random variables for constructing the response surface. The proposed method is first illustrated for a circular tunnel with analytical solutions considering Mohr–Coulomb (M–C) and Hoek–Brown (H–B) yield criteria separately. The failure probability with respect to the plastic zone criterion and the tunnel convergence criterion are estimated from FORM/SORM and compared to those obtained from Monte Carlo Simulations. The results show that the support pressure has great influence on the failure probability of the two failure modes. For the M–C model, the hypothesis of uncorrelated friction angle and cohesion will generate higher non-performance probability in comparison to the case of negatively correlated shear strength parameters. Reliability analyses involving non-normal distributions are also investigated. Finally, an example of a horseshoe-shaped highway tunnel is presented to illustrate the feasibility and validity of the proposed method for practical applications where numerical procedures are needed to calculate the performance function values.     

闽东南花岗岩球状风化不良地质发育特征及其工程地质问题

闽东南沿海花岗岩广泛出露,其矿物成分差异明显,且受区域地质构造和湿热交替气候影响,花岗岩球状风化不良地质及其诱发的工程地质问题极为突出.粒径大小不一的风化球体受外界环境扰动,形成高空落石或坡面滚石,坚硬的风化球与残积土或全风化岩混杂的斜坡受降雨或开挖触发产生崩塌和滑坡,形成复杂的斜坡地质灾害.富含孤石的花岗岩地段开挖浅...     

瞬态面波在隧道工程滑坡处治中应用一例

结合工程实例,介绍隧道工程设计施工过程中利用瞬态面波勘探技术,可确定滑坡体的覆盖范围及基岩埋深,是高效、经济探查、处治方法。     

Groundwater level and chemistry changes resulting from tunnel construction near Matsumoto City, Japan

 Before tunnel construction began, the groundwater chemical compositions and levels around the tunnel were studied to determine if water compositions could predict whether surface water will be influenced by tunnel construction. When the chemical composition of the well and springwater was similar to that of the tunnel seepage water, and the altitude of the well and spring was above the tunnel level, the groundwater level in the well and spring was influenced by draining tunnel seepage water. Therefore, comparing the chemical compositions of surface water and groundwater may be used for predictive purposes. However, the results of this study showed there was no noticeable chemical composition change in springwater prior to changes in groundwater level at a particular site. The changes in the hydrology of the plateau caused by tunnel construction were also studied, using measurements of the changes in groundwater chemistry as well as changes in groundwater levels. Prior to tunnel construction, river discharge was greater. Following tunnel construction, some river discharge decreased because springwater was drained as tunnel seepage water and the spring in the catchment dried up. Tritium concentration indicated that 3 years after tunnel construction, surface water did not reach tunnel levels in spite of groundwater level lowering and remaining unconfined groundwater being drained. Received: 17 January 1996 · Accepted: 10 July 1996