中朝地台的志留系——纪念中、韩两国杰出的微体古生物学者安太庠和李河荣

中朝地台内部无争议的志留系只有朝鲜半岛平南盆地的谷山组和宝良里组。中朝地台北缘活动陆缘带志留系比较发育,有桃山组、西别河组(至少其大部分)等。李河荣等根据牙形刺将朝鲜半岛太白山盆地的桧洞里组划归志留系,但是从层序、岩石和安太庠修定的牙形刺化石来看,桧洞里组可能不是志留系,而是与中朝地台华北区峰峰组八陡段(或包括部分耀县组)可比的中奥陶世地层。微体古生物学家安太庠和李河荣分别为中国和韩国的牙形学及其生物地层学研究做出了重要贡献。他们的英年早逝,对东北亚地学研究是一个重大损失。     

冀宁管道应用X80管线钢可行性

提高管线钢钢级是当今建设大口径、高压力管道首先考虑的措施。国外X70级管线钢已成为20世纪90年代末输气管材用钢的主流。迄今全世界已建成的X80钢级输气管道总长已超过500km，并且在生产技术与管理方面均日趋成熟。管道建设中钢管每米质量的降低意味着更大的经济性和施工可行性。因此在国内长距离、走管径、高压输气管道建设中应用X80管线钢是可行的。     

便携式波长色散X射线荧光光谱仪及初步应用

介绍了SPECTROSCAN-U便携式波长色散X射线荧光光谱仪的技术指标及特点;使用该仪器并采用粉末样品压片制样测定了水系沉积物及土壤样品中的11个元素,得到了较好的精密度和准确度,为野外现场测试作了有益的尝试。     

Neutron Activation Analysis,Atomic Absorption and X‐Ray Fluorescence Spectrometry Review for 2006–2007

These mature analytical techniques do not show any change in publication level from the previous two years and AAS remains dominant in terms of the number of publications. The last two years have seen fewer technical improvements than in the previous review period. Some interesting papers dealing with uncertainty and quality assurance in INAA were published during 2006–2007. It is suggested that photon activation should be reconsidered because the source of electron accelerators has recently improved. A technique to preconcentrate Se for INAA determination has also been proposed. In the case of AAS, papers on analyte preconcentration continue to be more abundant than those relating to instrumental modification. Sample preparation for AAS is also active and ultrasound‐assisted leaching shows some promising applications. There were an unusual number of reviews concerned with AAS and those important to geological samples are cited here. A technique to preconcentrate Cr in water is presented and a new device to determine As and Se is showing some potential uses. Confocal X‐ray mapping continues to show interesting developments. One group developed a technique to perform XRF inside an oyster and an interesting application of μ‐XRF mapping of sediments is presented. Determination of platinum‐group elements (at μg g¹ concentrations) can be carried out very quickly with an improved XRF technique.     

多种地图符号系统布尔代数结构的简要证明

布尔代数是计算机进行逻辑运算的基础,它为自动化制图提供了理论基础和数学工具。本文根据论域的幂集P(X)为布尔代数且其偏序关系为包含关系的数学原理,通过改变论域而分别对地图图像系统、地图符号系统和地图数据库系统等多种地图符号系统的布尔代数结构,分别作出了有别于应用布尔代数定义和定理的简要证明。文章给出了以点的特征变换构建地图符号、地图注记和实现面状域色彩变换的实例,阐释了地图图像系统中的布尔运算;还给出了通过基础图层上地图符号的增删,构建不同图层和不同图层叠合构建不同类型地图的实例,说明以点集形式为基本元素的地图符号系统和地图数据库系统也适于布尔运算。     

GGR Biennial Critical Review: Analytical Developments Since 2012

Advances in the chemical, crystallographic and isotopic characterisation of geological and environmental materials can often be ascribed to technological improvements in analytical hardware or to innovative approaches to data acquisition and/or its interpretation. This biennial review addresses key laboratory methods that form much of the foundation for analytical geochemistry; again, this contribution is presented as a compendium of laboratory techniques. We highlight advances that have appeared since January 2012 and that are of particular significance for the chemical and isotopic characterisation of geomaterials. Prominent scientists from the selected analytical fields present publications they judge to be particular noteworthy, providing background information about the method and assessing where further opportunities might be anticipated. In addition to the well‐established technologies such as thermal ionisation mass spectrometry and plasma emission spectroscopy, this publication also presents new or rapidly growing methods such as electron backscattered diffraction analysis and atom probe tomography – a very sensitive method providing atomic scale information.     

X‐ray tomography of tsunami deposits: Towards a new depositional model of tsunami deposits

X‐ray computed microtomography is used to obtain high resolution imagery of a historical tsunami deposit in Andalusia, Spain (1755 Lisbon tsunami). The technique allows characterization of grain‐size distribution, structures, component analysis and sedimentary fabric of fine‐grained unconsolidated tsunami deposits at resolutions down to particle scale. The results are validated by comparing to data obtained using other techniques such as laser diffraction, anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility and X‐ray microfluorescence on the same deposits. Specific technical details such as sampling, scanning and image processing methods, and further improvements are addressed. The use of X‐ray computed microtomography provides new insights into the stratigraphy of the deposits and gives access to significantly more detailed view of key sedimentary features such as mudlines, rip‐up clasts, crude laminations, convolutions, floating outsized clasts and contacts between successive units. This analysis of the 1755 tsunami deposits using X‐ray computed microtomography allows the proposal of new hypotheses for the sedimentary processes forming tsunami deposits. Deposition by settling is limited and the section analysed here is dominated by a high shear stress leading to the development of traction carpets, with laminated mudlines corresponding to the basal frictional region of these carpets. The onset of the tsunami backwash is marked by a micro‐vortex resembling Kelvin–Helmoltz instabilities.     

Narrow‐Line Seyfert 1 Galaxies with high‐energy sharp spectral drops: reflection‐versus absorption models

With the launch of XMM‐Newton in 1999, two Narrow‐Line Seyfert 1 Galaxies (NLS1s) have been detected (IRAS 13224–3809 and 1H 0707–495) showing sharp spectral drops at energies equal or above the neutral Fe K edge at 7.1 keV without any narrow Fe K reemission. In this paper I summarize our present knowledge on the observed properties of sharp high‐energy spectral drops. I list the problems presently arising from the reflection dominated and the optically thick disc models. Finally, I present an alternative solution which consists of a combination of the accretion disc model and the reflection dominated model. This might solve the problems of the standard accretion disc model. (© 2006 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)     

ROSAT PSPC observations of the Orion Trapezium area II. Source variability and revised source list

A deep ROSAT PSPC image centred on the Orion Trapezium has been reduceda second time using an improved version of the PSF to fit the data. The outer rim of the field of view was also included. The new catalogue contains 316 X‐ray sources which are easily identified with pre‐main sequence stars of the Ori OB1 Ic and Id association. All 316 sources were tested for variability. No variations were found inside the single exposures of about 45 minutes length each. Between the 4 exposures spaced over 5 days about 1/3 of the sources show signs of activities of various forms. As above 25% of these have somewhat regular lights curves (monotonically rising or falling or hill‐shaped) we infer that at least some outbursts with time scales longer than a day are present and that past searches for X‐ray flares of pre‐main sequence stars were biased towards shorter time scales.