Three‐dimensional texture of natural pseudotachylyte: Pseudotachylyte formation mechanism in hydrous accretionary complex

Melt‐origin pseudotachylyte is the most reliable seismogenic fault rock. It is commonly believed that pseudotachylyte generation is rare in the plate subduction zone where interstitial fluids are abundant and can trigger dynamic fault‐weakening mechanisms such as thermal pressurization. Some recent studies, however, have discovered pseudotachylyte‐bearing faults in exhumed ancient accretionary complexes, indicating that frictional melting also occurrs during earthquakes in subduction zones. To clarify the pseudotachylyte generation mechanism and the variation of slip behavior in the plate subduction zone, a pseudotachylyte found in the exhumed fossil accretionary complex (the Shimanto Belt, Nobeoka, Japan) was re‐focused and microscopic and three‐dimensional observations of the pseudotachylyte‐bearing fault were performed based on optical, electron, and X‐ray microscope images. Based on the patterns contained in the fragment, the pseudotachylyte is divided into four domains, although no clear domain boundaries or layering structures are not found. Three‐dimensional observation also suggests that the pseudotachylyte were fragmented or isolated by cataclasite or carbonate breccia. The pseudotachylyte was rather injected into the surrounding carbonate breccia, which is composed of angular fragments of the host rock and a matrix of tiny crystalline carbonate. The pseudotachylyte volume was extracted from the X‐ray microscope image and the heat abundance consumed by the pseudotachylyte generation was estimated at 2.18 MJ/m², which can be supplied during a slip of approximately 0.5 m. These observations and calculations, together with the results of the previous investigations, suggest hydrofracturing and rapid carbonate precipitation that preceded or accompanied the frictional melting. Dynamic hydrofracturing during a slip can be caused by rapid fluid pressurization, and can induce abrupt decrease in fluid pressure while drastically enhancing the shear strength of the shear zone. Consequently, frictional heating would be reactivated and generate the pseudotachylyte. These deformation processes can explain pseudotachylyte generation in hydrous faults with the impermeable wall rock.     

邢台地区新近沉积粉质粘土的土性分析

以邢台地区新近沉积粉质粘土为例,对其土性进行分析,介绍了其在SEM下观察及X－射线衍射分析结果;并对该土的地基评价与处理方法进行了探讨。      

科尔沁沙地奈曼旗普通风砂土中的粘土矿物

通过对科尔沁沙地奈曼旗普通风砂土中粘土矿物的研究,结果表明这类土壤中的粘土矿物主要是伊利石,其次为高岭石、绿泥石、伊利石-蒙脱石混层矿物;它们主要来源于母质,其次来自成土过程,降尘输入量极有限。随成土过程不断进行,粘土矿物主要遵循铝硅酸盐矿物→绿泥石→绿泥石-蒙脱石→蒙脱石顺序演变。由于母质本身贫乏、成土过程较弱以及比重差异使蒙脱石有独特的搬运与沉降行为,共同造成土壤中缺乏蒙脱石。     

基于X3D的虚拟三维场景漫游系统设计与实现

X3D是新一代的互联网3D图形规范,为构建基于Web的虚拟三维场景及其人机交互提供了一种新的途径。提出了基于X3D的虚拟三维场景的建模方案,采用了地理信息系统的图层化方法将虚拟三维场景数据划分为独立地物、植被、交通、建筑物和数字地形等数据层,介绍了各数据层的三维建模及实现方法,并以一个典型的城市小区为例阐述了虚拟三维场景的优化与整合技术。     

X波段天气雷达电磁辐射对环境影响的评估

为了定量分析X波段天气雷达电磁辐射对环境的影响,依据X波段天气雷达的主要性能参数,理论推导X波段天气雷达的电磁辐射特性,分析X波段雷达站点周边环境,对电磁辐射进行水平和垂直立体监测,理论计算和实际监测结果均表明X波段雷达电磁辐射大小满足《电磁环境控制限值》(GB8702—2014)和《辐射环境保护管理导则电磁辐射监测仪器和方法》(HJ/T10. 2—1996)的要求,电磁辐射水平低于公众曝露的控制限值。     

Degradation of Reactive Brilliant Red X‐3B Dye by Microwave Electrodeless UV Irradiation

Degradations of reactive brilliant red X‐3B solution by both conventional UV irradiation and microwave electrodeless UV irradiation were investigated. Degradation processes were studied by UV–VIS spectrophotometry, total organic carbon (TOC), high performance capillary electrophoresis (HPCE), conductivity, pH value, and ion chromatography. The results of color removal (%) and TOC removal (%) showed that the degradation by microwave electrodeless UV irradiation was more effective than by conventional UV irradiation. The results of UV–VIS absorption spectra and HPCE analyses indicated that the degradation of reactive brilliant red X‐3B was occurred at the conjugation system first, the benzene ring and the naphthalene ring later. The reactive brilliant red X‐3B was cleaved into some new small compounds and eventually most of the organic substances were mineralized to CO₂ and H₂O. The results of the conductivity analysis suggested that the degradation has mainly occurred in the first 40 min of reaction. The pH value of reactive brilliant red X‐3B solution was decreased first and then was increased. The results of inorganic anions analysis hinted that many of the N, Cl, and S elements from reactive brilliant red X‐3B were still attached in organic molecules.     

X射线荧光法在桂北金矿勘查中的应用

介绍了X射线荧光法工作原理及其在金矿勘查的物理基础和寻找金矿依据,通过在桂北金矿区勘查的应用,表明了该方法可缩小找金矿的靶区,确定隐伏金矿体位置,划分金矿体的边界,达到缩短找矿周期的目的.     

Why the interactions of fast ions with foils are distinct from charge exchange

The intensity patterns of some Rydberg line series in the X‐ray spectra of foil‐excited fast ion beams bear a resemblance to patterns seen with SN remnants or after charge exchange (CX). Closer scrutiny of the ion‐foil interaction process reveals why this is no more than a chance resemblance, because the underlying processes are very different. However, electron beam ion traps are suitable for CX observations (© 2012 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)     

Prototyping a global soft X‐ray imaging instrument for heliophysics,planetary science,and astrophysics science

We describe current progress in the development of a prototype wide field‐of‐view soft X‐ray imager that employs Lobster‐eye optics and targets heliophysics, planetary, and astrophysics science. The prototype will provide proof‐of‐concept for a future flight instrument capable of imaging the entire dayside magnetosheath from outside the magnetosphere. Such an instrument was proposed for the ESA AXIOM mission (© 2012 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)     

Solar system X‐rays from charge exchange processes

While X‐ray astronomy began in 1962 and has made fast progress since then in expanding our knowledge about where in the Universe X‐rays are generated by which processes, it took one generation before the importance of a fundamentally different process was recognized. This happened in our immediate neighborhood, when in 1996 comets were discovered as a new class of X‐ray sources, directing our attention to charge exchange reactions. Charge exchange is fundamentally different from other processes which lead to the generation of X‐rays, because the X‐rays are not produced by hot electrons, but by ions picking up electrons from cold gas. Thus it opens up a new window, making it possible to detect cool gas in X‐rays (like in comets), while all the other processes require extremely high temperatures or otherwise extreme conditions. After having been overlooked for a long time, the astrophysical importance of charge exchange for the generation of X‐rays is now receiving increased general attention. In our solar system, charge exchange induced X‐rays have now been established to originate in comets, in all the planets from Venus to Jupiter, and even in the heliosphere itself. In addition to that, evidence for this X‐ray emission mechanism has been found at various locations across the Universe. Here we summarize the current knowledge about solar system X‐rays resulting from charge exchange processes (© 2012 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)