Temporal variability of dimethylsulfide and dimethylsulfoniopropionate in the Sargasso Sea

Vertical profiles of dimethylsulfide (DMS) and β-dimethylsulfoniopropionate, particulate (pDMSP) and dissolved (dDMSP), were measured biweekly in the upper 140 m of the Sargasso Sea (32°10′N, 64°30′W) during 1992 and 1993. DMS and pDMSP showed strong, but different, seasonal patterns; no distinct intra-annual pattern was observed for dDMSP. During winter, concentrations of DMS were generally less than 1 nmol l⁻¹ at all depths, dDMSP was less than 3 nmol l⁻¹ and pDMSP was less than 8 nmol l⁻¹. In spring, concentrations of both dDMSP and pDMSP rose, on a few occasions up to 20 nmol l⁻¹ in the dissolved pool and up to 27 nmol l⁻¹ in the particulate pool. These increases, due to blooms of DMSP-containing phytoplankton, resulted in only minor increases in DMS concentrations (up to 4 nmol l⁻¹). Throughout the summer, the concentrations of DMS continued to increase, reaching a maximum in August of 12 nmol l⁻¹ (at 30 m depth). There was no concomitant summer increase in dDMSP or pDMSP. The differences among the seasonal patterns of DMS, dDMSP, and pDMSP suggest that the physical and biological processes involved in the cycling of DMS change with the seasons. There is a correlation between the concentration of DMS and temperature in this data set, as required by some of the climate feedback models that have been suggested for DMS. A full understanding of the underlying processes controlling DMS is required to determine if the temperature-DMS pattern is of significance in the context of global climate change.     

Forced imbibition into a limestone: measuring P‐wave velocity and water saturation dependence on injection rate

Quantitative interpretation of time‐lapse seismic data requires knowledge of the relationship between elastic wave velocities and fluid saturation. This relationship is not unique but depends on the spatial distribution of the fluid in the pore‐space of the rock. In turn, the fluid distribution depends on the injection rate. To study this dependency, forced imbibition experiments with variable injection rates have been performed on an air‐dry limestone sample. Water was injected into a cylindrical sample and was monitored by X‐Ray Computed Tomography and ultrasonic time‐of‐flight measurements across the sample. The measurements show that the P‐wave velocity decreases well before the saturation front approaches the ultrasonic raypath. This decrease is followed by an increase as the saturation front crosses the raypath. The observed patterns of the acoustic response and water saturation as functions of the injection rate are consistent with previous observations on sandstone. The results confirm that the injection rate has significant influence on fluid distribution and the corresponding acoustic response. The complexity of the acoustic response —‐ that is not monotonic with changes in saturation, and which at the same saturation varies between hydrostatic conditions and states of dynamic fluid flow – may have implications for the interpretation of time‐lapse seismic responses.     

Occurrence of xenobiotic ligands for retinoid X receptors and thyroid hormone receptors in the aquatic environment of Taiwan

Various synthetic compounds are frequently discharged into the environment via human activities. Among them, certain contaminants may disrupt normal physiological functions of wildlife and humans via interactions with nuclear receptors. To protect human health and the environment, it is important to detect environmental ligands for human nuclear receptors. In this study, yeast-based reporter gene assays were used to investigate the occurrence of xenobiotic ligands for retinoid X receptors (RXR) and thyroid hormone receptors (TR) in the aquatic environment of Taiwan. Experimental results revealed that RXR agonist/antagonist activity was detected in river water and sediment samples. In particular, high RXR agonist/antagonist activity was found in the samples collected near river mouths. Additionally, few samples also elicited significant TR antagonist activity. Our findings show that the aquatic environment of Taiwan was contaminated with RXR and TR ligands. Further study is necessary to identify these xenobiotic RXR and TR agonists and antagonists.     

雷达波段对多极化SAR海面溢油检测极化特征参数的影响

多极化SAR数据海面溢油检测研究日益受到重视。本文研究不同波段极化SAR数据的海面溢油检测能力,为最大程度减小观测条件、环境因素等的影响,选取准同步获取的SIR-C/X多极化SAR数据。针对海面油膜、生物油膜和低风区疑似溢油现象,研究L波段和C波段的共极化相位差、一致性系数、极化熵、各向异性和平均散射角等极化特征对海面油膜以及不同海面暗斑现象的检测能力。研究结果表明:在海面溢油检测以及探测不同暗斑现象间差异方面,C波段总体优于L波段;L波段,极化分解特征各向异性参数优于共极化相位差和一致性系数;C波段,共极化相位差、一致性系数特征优于极化分解特征各向异性和极化熵,结合平均散射角特征有助于滤除生物油膜和低风区。     

Synedra ulna var. repanda,a new variety of Synedra （Bacillariophyta） from Xinjiang,China

Synedra ulna var, repanda Q. X. Wang ＆ Q. M. You, a new variety of Synedra （Bacillariophyta） from Xinjiang, China, is described and illustrated, and the characteristic of the variety： includes undulate-linear valves and straight pseudoraphe, differs from other species of Synedra.     

海泡石相变的粉晶 X 射线衍射研究

摘 要　 利用粉晶 X 射线衍射分析方法‚研究了海泡石在热处理过程中的相变特征。研究发 现‚海泡石在受热后将向滑石转变‚并可分为4个阶段：室温～200℃‚为海泡石相;300～ 700℃‚为向滑石转化的过渡相;800～900℃‚为混合相;900～1000℃‚为顽火辉石相。     

非水溶性钾矿制取碳酸钾研究:副产13X型分子筛

非水溶性钾矿通常以钾长石为主要矿物相。对其进行粉碎、摇床重选、湿法磁选和化学酸浸除铁等预处理,可制得纯度达75%~95%的钾长石粉体。以碳酸钠为助剂,在760~860 ℃的中温下钾长石发生固相分解反应,生成偏硅酸钠、偏铝酸钾(钠)前体化合物,用于水热合成13X 沸石分子筛。滤液为富含[SiO2(OH)2]2-、Na+、K+的碱性溶液,通入CO2 进行酸化反应,生成SiO3·nH2O胶体沉淀,经250 ℃下煅烧即制成白炭黑。剩余滤液为NaHCO3 KHCO3 H2O三元水盐体系,再经浓缩、分离、纯化、结晶,制取碳酸钠和碳酸钾。由此,原矿中SiO2、Al2O3、K2O 3 种主要组分均可制成高值产品,可达到钾长石资源利用率接近100%、“三废”近于零排放的高效节能、清洁生产的“绿色过程”要求。本项技术实现规模化工业生产,将有利于缓解我国水溶性钾盐资源极缺的矛盾,平衡钾盐市场,提高国民经济可持续发展中钾盐资源的保证程度。     

公共背景法在X射线荧光光谱分析化探样品中的应用

在X射线荧光光谱分析化探样品时 ,对Co、Ni、Cu、Zn、Rb、Sr、Y、Zr、Nb、Pb和Th选择一个公共背景点 ( 2 9.60°) ,1 1种元素的检出限≤ 3× 1 0 - 6,能满足化探分析的要求。对国家一级水系沉积物标准物质进行测定 ,结果与标准值相符 ,8次测定的相对标准偏差RSD <7%。     

N型氮化镓的结构和光电导特性

采用透射电镜高分辨反射电子衍射，扫描电镜形貌观察，X射线衍射等不同方法测试了不同Mg含量的N型氮化镓薄膜的结构。几种测定方法的比较表明，高分辨反射电子衍射是确定厚衬底的薄膜结构的快速而简便的方法，材料的杂质和缺陷是影响其光电导性质的重要因素。     

13X沸石对Ni2+吸附性能的实验研究

在静态条件下，实验研究了13X沸石的用量、温度、时间、溶液pH值、初始Ni^2 质量浓度对Ni^2 吸附性能的。结果表明：在室温下，13X沸石对Ni^2 的吸附平衡时间为15min，对Ni^2 的最大吸附量为49.7mg/g沸石；静态等温吸附过程符合Langmiur吸附等温方程式；13X沸石对Ni^2 的吸附机理为离子交换吸附和表面络合吸附。