An exploratory analysis of benthic macroinvertebrates as indicators of the ecological status of the Upper Yellow and Yangtze Rivers

This study presents findings of the first systematic analysis of aquatic biotic assemblages in the source region of the Yellow and Yangtze Rivers. It provides an initial basis with which to select representative organisms as indicators to assess the aquatic ecological status of rivers in this region. Macroinvertebrates are considered to be good indicators of long-term environmental changes due to their restricted range and persistence over time. Field investigations of macroinvertebrates were conducted in August 2009 in the source region of the Yellow River, and in July 2010 in the source region of the Yangtze River. Altogether 68 taxa of macroinvertebrates belonging to 29 families and 59 genera were identified. Among them were 8 annelids, 5 mollusks, 54 arthropods and 1 other animal. In the source region of the Yellow River, taxa number, density and biomass of macroinvertebrates were 50, 329 individuals m2 and 0.3966 g dry weight m2, respectively. Equivalent figures for the source region of the Yangtze River were 29, 59 individuals m2 and 0.0307 g dry weight m-2. The lower benthic animal resources in the source region of the Yangtze River are ascribed to higher altitude, higher sediment concentration and wetland degradation. Preliminary findings of this exploratory study indicate that hydroelectric power stations had a weak impact on benthic dwellers but wetland degradation caused by a series of human activities had a catastrophic impact on survival of macroinvertebrates. Ecological protection measures such as conservative grazing and vegetation management are required to minimize grassland degradation and desertification, and reduce soil erosion rate and river sediment discharge.     

榆神矿区南部中小煤矿突水危险性研究

论述了榆神矿区部分中小煤矿突水实例,分析了矿井突水的地质、水文地质条件,认为,榆神矿区萨拉乌苏组含水层厚度大,富水性强,煤层埋藏浅,煤层开采后产生的冒落带、裂隙带发育到萨拉乌苏组含水层底部,从而引起突水灾害。本文提出了矿井突水预测的思路和方法,认为应该加强矿井水文地质条件研究,开展水文地质补充勘探,查明水文地质条件,做好防治水工作,减少矿井涌水量,保护萨拉乌苏组含水层结构完整性。     

岩溶天生桥纵向分层旅游开发方式——以重庆黔江蒲花天生桥群为例

本文按发育岩性(可溶岩和非可溶岩), 发育规模(如桥高、拱高、跨度等), 桥下河谷的发育特征(常年性、季节性河流和干谷), 及发育成因(地表和地下), 提出天生桥的4大分类方案, 简要介绍和概括了近年来中国发现的典型岩溶天生桥的类型、分布格局、发育规模及景观组合和对比特征。然后以重庆黔江蒲花天生桥群为例, 初步分析和探讨了它的形成与演化, 系统分析和评价了它的资源系统, 通过与黔江区、武陵山区旅游资源及国内其它相似景区的对比, 概括其资源特色为“一河两桥三窗”, 并结合其市场条件, 将旅游开发主题定格为“桥下游暗河, 桥上走天桥, 上游漂激流”, 提出“一心二带一区三环”的功能布局, 探讨不同功能区的开发思路, 划分出主导、重要和配套3个层次的旅游产品项目, 构建连通桥上桥下的三大游览环线, 设计出“河-人-桥”三位一体的灯光效果。最后, 通过对中国典型岩溶天生桥旅游开发方式的概括、对比和分析, 提出岩溶天生桥纵向分层旅游开发方式, 并概括出3大分层方式: (1)“桥下观光, 桥上保护”式; (2)“桥下桥上观光”式; (3)“桥下保护, 桥上观光”式。     

滇西芒市盆地芒棒组软岩的水文、工程地质特征及其对工程的影响——以芒究煤矿为例

滇西芒市盆地是在喜马拉雅构造运动第Ⅱ幕基础上形成的陆相沉积盆地,该盆地中的上新世芒棒组为河湖相沉积体系。根据矿区钻孔资料,芒棒组在工程地质岩组划分上属半固结软岩,可分为砂岩-砂砾岩软弱岩组、粉砂岩软弱岩组和炭质泥岩-煤层软弱岩组3类,各岩组强度依次为P砂-砾     

辽宁岫岩五道沟铁矿床地质特征

辽宁省岫岩县五道沟铁矿产于古元古界辽河群里尔峪组变质岩中,层位控矿的特点明显;铁矿体的围岩为黑云斜长变粒岩,矿体与围岩界线清晰;矿体的围岩蚀变不甚强烈,晚期构造和闪长玢岩脉穿切铁矿体,但对铁矿体无明显的破坏。该矿床与区域上杨林式铁矿可以对比,矿床成因属于火山沉积-变质铁矿,成矿时代为古元古代。     

青海省格尔木市哈西亚图地区铁多金属矿床的发现及意义

通过钻探工程验证高精度磁测异常,2010年青海省核工业地质局发现了格尔木市哈西亚图地区矽卡岩型铁多金属矿,初步估算铁资源量规模已达中型。赋矿地层为古元古界金水口岩群下岩组,华力西期灰色石英闪长岩与成矿密切相关。这一突破性发现对环柴达木盆地古元古界金水口岩群分布区的铁多金属矿找矿具有重要指导意义。     

东昆仑祁漫塔格地区滩间山群矽卡岩化成矿作用

祁漫塔格地区滩间山群广泛发育,且与成矿关系密切。在该区已发现的尕林格铁矿床、卡尔却卡铜多金属矿床、肯德可克铁钴铋金矿床、虎头崖Ⅵ铜铅锌多金属带、Ⅱ铜铅锌铁锡多金属矿带等均与滩间山群关系密切。通过对区内成矿与滩间山群关系密切的典型矽卡岩型矿床剖析,得出该地区交代滩间山群的矽卡岩型矿化的成矿物源主要受控于滩间山群。在该区要重视寻找与滩间山群有关的矽卡岩型矿床,特别是滩间山群下岩组发育地段是成矿的有利地段。     

分组平差网格计算研究

分组平差是大地测量中一种常用的计算模型,是对大规模平差问题的一种分解,本身具有分布性的特征,适合于网格计算。本文首先通过对分组平差公式的分析,在几个步骤和层面上将其分解为若干子计算,然后提出子计算服务和子计算代理的概念,详细阐述了基本子计算、聚合子计算和工作流的概念,最后给出了并行工作流和串行工作流的实现途径。     

南秦岭略阳鱼洞子岩群磁铁石英岩形成时代的锆石U-Pb年代学约束

鱼洞子杂岩是秦岭造山带出露的重要太古宙基底,也是该地区最古老的复杂地质体.鱼洞子杂岩主要由变质地层(鱼洞子岩群)和规模不等的花岗质变质侵入体(花岗片麻岩)组成.各地质体间多以构造面理接触.鱼洞子岩群是重要的铁矿产出层位,铁矿及其赋矿围岩的形成时代一直没有可靠的依据.本次选择小沟山矿区磁铁石英岩分选出大量锆石.CL影像特...