A new understanding of Demala Group complex in Chayu Area,southeastern Qinghai-Tibet Plateau: Evidence from zircon U-Pb and mica 40Ar/39Ar dating

The Chayu area is located at the southeastern margin of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. This region was considered to be in the southeastward extension of the Lhasa Block, bounded by Nujiang suture zone in the north and Yarlung Zangbo suture zone in the south. The Demala Group complex, a set of high-grade metamorphic gneisses widely distributed in the Chayu area, is known as the Precambrian metamorphic basement of the Lhasa Block in the area. According to field-based investigations and microstructure analysis, the Demala Group complex is considered to mainly consist of banded biotite plagiogneisses, biotite quartzofeldspathic gneiss, granitic gneiss, amphibolite, mica schist, and quartz schist, with many leucogranite veins. The zircon U-Pb ages of two granitic gneiss samples are 205 ± 1 Ma and 218 ± 1 Ma, respectively, representing the ages of their protoliths. The zircons from two biotite plagiogneisses samples show core-rim structures. The U-Pb ages of the cores are mainly 644 –446 Ma, 1213 –865 Ma, and 1780 –1400 Ma, reflecting the age characteristics of clastic zircons during sedimentation of the original rocks. The U-Pb ages of the rims are from 203 ± 2 Ma to 190 ± 1 Ma, which represent the age of metamorphism. The zircon U-Pb ages of one sample taken from the leucogranite veins that cut through granitic gneiss foliation range from 24 Ma to 22 Ma, interpreted as the age of the anatexis in the Demala Group complex. Biotite and muscovite separates were selected from the granitic gneiss, banded gneiss, and leucogranite veins for ⁴⁰Ar/³⁹Ar dating. The plateau ages of three muscovite samples are 16.56 ± 0.21 Ma, 16.90 ± 0.21 Ma, and 23.40 ± 0.31 Ma, and the plateau ages of four biotite samples are 16.70 ± 0.24 Ma, 16.14 ± 0.19 Ma, 15.88 ± 0.20 Ma, and 14.39 ± 0.20 Ma. The mica Ar-Ar ages can reveal the exhumation and cooling history of the Demala Group complex. Combined with the previous research results of the Demala Group complex, the authors refer that the Demala Group complex should be a set of metamorphic complex. The complex includes not only Precambrian basement metamorphic rock series, but also Paleozoic sedimentary rock and Mesozoic granitic rock. Based on the deformation characteristics, the authors concluded that two stages of the metamorphism and deformation can be revealed in the Demala Group complex since the Mesozoic, namely Late Triassic-Early Jurassic (203 –190 Ma) and Oligocene –Miocene (24 –14 Ma). The early stage of metamorphism (ranging from 203 –190 Ma) was related to the Late Triassic tectono-magmatism in the area. The anatexis and uplifting-exhumation of the later stage (24 –14 Ma) were related to the shearing of the Jiali strike-slip fault zone. The Miocene structures are response to the large-scale southeastward escape of crustal materials and block rotation in Southeast Tibet after India-Eurasia collision.©2021 China Geology Editorial Office.     

黑龙江省东部桦南隆起美作花岗岩的锆石U-Pb定年及其地质意义

为查明马家街群发生接触变质作用的时代及其构造背景,对出露于黑龙江省东部桦南隆起的美作花岗岩体进行了锆石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb定年研究.结果显示:锆石具有清晰的生长振荡环带,其Th/U比值为0.12～1.04,属于典型的岩浆成因锆石;获得的206Pb/238U加权平均年龄为(259.0±3.6) Ma(n=14,MSWD=5.9),代表了岩体结晶年龄.美作岩体与佳木斯地块南部的青山、楚山和柴河岩体形成时代一致,其轻稀土富集、重稀土亏损型式和Eu负异常以及明显的Nb、Ta、Sr、Ti亏损的特点显示为壳源成因的火山弧花岗岩;它们的形成可能与晚古生代古亚洲洋的消减作用有关,该期花岗岩的就位导致马家街群发生了接触变质作用.美作花岗岩体形成时代的厘定,不仅限定了马家街群的变质时代为晚二叠世,同时为进一步探讨佳木斯地块晚古生代构造演化提供了新证据.     

苏德尔特油田贝16断块兴安岭群沉积特征与储层非均质性

在岩心观察描述、测井及开发动态资料综合分析的基础上,对苏德尔特油田贝16断块兴安岭群储层沉积特征及非均质性进行了研究,并分析了它们对注水开发的影响。结果表明:研究区在兴安岭群沉积时期主要发育滨浅湖沉积背景下的扇三角洲前缘的沉积,其中扇三角洲前缘水下辫状河道不等粒砂岩及粗砂岩储层物性最好,河口坝中粒砂岩次之,远砂坝粉砂岩最差;除了Ⅱ油组以外,其它油层的储层非均质性较强。应当根据沉积微相的平面分布特征及储层非均质性的强弱采取不同的开发措施。     

甘肃北山红柳园地区泥盆系三个井组和墩墩山群LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb测年及其意义

对甘肃北山红柳园地区三个井组下部玄武岩和墩墩山群安山质火山岩进行了LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年龄测定,三个井组火山岩形成于420Ma±15Ma,相当于晚志留世;墩墩山群火山岩形成于367Ma±10Ma,相当于晚泥盆世。测年结果表明,晚志留世北山古生代洋盆已经俯冲消亡,并开始碰撞造山,而晚泥盆世墩墩山群火山岩则是北山早古生代洋盆碰撞造山后裂谷拉伸作用的产物,标志北山及相邻地区晚泥盆世进入到新的构造演化阶段——晚古生代板内伸展阶段。     

柴达木地块北缘全吉地块钾长石浅粒岩碎屑 锆石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb定年 ——对达肯大坂岩群时代的约束

为查明全吉地块基底中达肯大坂岩群的最大沉积年龄,用LA-ICP-MS技术测定了钾长石浅粒岩中的锆石U-Pb年龄。CL图像和Th/U比值指示这些锆石均为岩浆成因的锆石。36个测点207Pb/206Pb年龄变化范围为2094~2280Ma,其中年龄谐和度高于90%的30个测点的207Pb/206Pb年龄相对概率密度曲线呈单峰分布特征,峰值年龄为2190Ma左右。结合全吉地块最早一期变质事件的年龄,钾长石浅粒岩原岩碎屑和所在的达肯大坂岩群的沉积年龄范围被约束在1.95~2.19Ga之间。本研究表明,前人在侵入于达肯大坂岩群的伟晶岩脉中获得的约2.42Ga年龄的锆石应捕获于围岩,属于继承性岩浆碎屑成因,该类锆石年龄不能用来约束达肯大坂岩群原岩的最小沉积年龄。     

Evolution of three unconformity‐bounded sandy carbonate successions in the McArthur River region of northern Australia: The Lawn,Wide and Doom Supersequences in a proximal part of the Isa Superbasin

Gamma‐ray curves from surface outcrops together with U–Pb SHRIMP zircon dating are used to redefine the evolution of a Palaeoproterozoic sandy dolostone succession from northern Australia. This case history indicates that gamma‐ray logging of surface sections should accompany lithostratigraphic logging or an inadequate interpretation of stratigraphic evolution is a likely outcome. The 1200 m‐thick Nathan Group from the McArthur River area had previously been interpreted as a more‐or‐less continuous package of carbonates deposited in lacustrine and associated shallow‐water environments. Now it is seen to comprise the preserved remnants of three truncated, second‐order supersequences—the Lawn, Wide and Doom Supersequences—each a few hundred metres thick and each deposited over a time period of a few million years. These supersequences are separated by major stratigraphic breaks each approaching probably 10 million years duration. Each supersequence comprises several third‐order sequences which themselves contain higher‐order cycles. These were deposited in a series of continental, shoreline, and inner to outer carbonate platform environments. Transgressive, high‐energy, fluvial to marginal marine, mixed clastic‐carbonate facies dominate most of the sequences. The middle, Wide Supersequence, however, preserves deeper water (mostly sub‐storm‐wave‐base) stromatolitic facies in one sequence, and storm‐reworked clastics in another. These are interpreted as condensed intervals deposited around their respective maximum flooding surfaces and are succeeded by regressive facies that probably represent highstand systems tracts. New correlations between these 1615–1575 Ma sandy carbonate successions of the McArthur Basin (Amos, Balbirini and Dungaminnie Formations) and time‐equivalent largely clastic successions in the Lawn Hill area (Lawn Hill and Doomadgee Formations), some 400 km to the southeast, are proposed.     

Tectonic control on third‐order sequences in a siliciclastic ramp‐style basin: An example from the Roper Superbasin (Mesoproterozoic), northern Australia

TThe Roper Group is a cyclic, predominantly marine, siliciclastic succession of Calymmian (Early Mesoproterozoic) age. It has a distribution of at least 145 000 km² and a maximum known thickness of ～5000 m. In the Roper River district the middle part of the Roper Group (～1300 m thick) is characterised by the cyclical alternation of mudstone and sandstone units, and can be divided into six third‐order depositional sequences. A typical sequence is broadly progradational in aspect, and comprises a lower, mudstone‐rich, storm‐dominated shelf succession (up to 330 m thick), and a sequence‐capping unit dominated by tidal‐platform cross‐bedded sandstone (up to 80 m thick); both are interpreted as highstand systems tracts. Transgressive strata are poorly represented but where present are characterised by paralic to fluvial redbed assemblages that include ooidal ironstone. Roper Group sequences lack a distinct condensed section and sequence boundaries are mostly conformable. Erosional contacts separate mud‐rich shelf facies from sequence‐capping sandstones. We infer that these erosion surfaces were generated by episodic flexural tectonism, which also generated the accommodation and sediment supply for Roper sequences.     

The geology of Ewarara Intrusion,Giles Complex,Central Australia

Ewarara is a small layered ultramafic intrusion which forms part of the Giles Complex. The flat‐lying body displays both sub‐horizontal and vertical layering, which appear to have different origins. Petrographically the intrusion consists of a lower olivine bronzitite unit and an upper pyroxenite unit. These display a small cryptic variation with the upper layer being the more iron‐rich. Many of the primary igneous textures have been destroyed by deformational effects but the intrusion retains many features of a body formed by gravity accumulation of crystals precipitating from a magma. Crystallisation of the magma is believed to have occurred near the base of the crust.     

Geochemisty and tectonic setting of igneous rocks in the Glenrock Station area,N.S.W.

In the Upper Murray Valley, Victoria, Late Silurian, high‐Si igneous rocks, which are closely associated with alkalic, basaltic dykes, were emplaced at high crustal levels following the peak of the Benambran Orogeny, which deformed and metamorphosed the Wagga Zone in Late Ordovician‐Early Silurian times. These rocks, which are informally termed ‘the Upper Murray high‐Si magmatic suite’, include leucogranites, rhyolite dykes and flows, and ash‐flow tuffs characterised by the following features. They are transitional from mildly peraluminous to mildly metaluminous; they represent relatively anhydrous magmas, in which halides were important volatile constituents; they have high Si, total alkalies, Rb, Th, U, Nb, Sn and heavy rare earth elements; and they are relatively repleted in Mg, Ca, Sr, Eu, V, Cr and Ni. In these respects and in their post‐orogenic setting and close association with alkalic basalts, they resemble many post‐orogenic granitoids from elsewhere. Such granitoids appear to have formed as partial melts during crustal extension following major episodes of deformation and high‐Si magmatism. A residual granulitic crust, from which an earlier generation of granitoid magmas had been extracted, is argued to be the source rock‐type for these post‐orogenic magmas. Tectonic extension, affecting such a crust, was accompanied by deep fracturing and basaltic vol‐canism. Mantle‐derived, CO₂‐ and halide‐rich fluids moved into the residual crust, causing widespread metasomatism, and emplacement of basaltic magma caused temperatures to rise until melting took place and a second group of magmas was produced. This model explains most aspects of the trace and major element chemistry of post‐orogenic, high‐Si igneous rocks and, for the Upper Murray high‐Si suite it also provides an explanation for variations in trace elements and isotopic characteristics. Other processes, such as crystal fractionation, magma mixing, thermogravi‐tational diffusion, and separation and loss of a volatile phase, provide explanations for variations within individual units of the suite, but they do not explain overall variations or the highly fractionated nature of the suite.     

会理菜子园镍矿床方辉橄榄岩铂族元素、Re-Os同位素及其地质意义

四川省会理菜子园红土型镍矿床中出露较多的基性-超基性岩体,文章系统报道了其中3个橄榄岩体的岩石化学、铂族元素及Re-Os同位素地球化学特征.岩石化学均显示为高MgO及高Mg#值,低SiO2、Al2O3、Na2O、K2O特征,计算显示出主要的标准矿物为橄榄石和紫苏辉石(体积百分数＞90％),表明菜子园属镁质方辉橄榄岩.铂族元素总量比世界上大多数地幔橄榄岩低,且Cu/Pd比值大于原始地幔,可能是早期地幔较高部分熔融出的基性岩浆中硫化物的萃取、抽提作用所致.PPGE相对IPGE强烈亏损,与正常蛇绿岩底部的地幔橄榄岩特征类似,向右倾斜的原始地幔标准化配分模式表明菜子园铂族元素体系主要受地幔部分熔融的控制.PPGE中,Pt相对于Pd富集,可能与后期强烈蚀变有关,此外还可能反映了少量Pt以合金形式残留于方辉橄榄岩中,Pd以不相容元素的形式更多被熔体带走.菜子园方辉橄榄岩的Re-Os同位素体系封闭性相对好,γ(Os)值较小.岩石化学、铂族元素及Re-Os同位素地球化学显示,菜子园橄榄岩直接来自地幔,属正常蛇绿岩套底部的方辉橄榄岩,为古小洋盆洋壳的残片.菜子园蛇绿岩反映了中元古代晚期昆阳裂谷在菜子园-踩马水-麻塘断裂带以北演化成小洋盆,于其中沉积会理群,并在中元古代末期与南侧的东川群、汤丹群碰撞、拼贴.菜子园橄榄岩的蛇绿岩属性进一步证明,扬子地台西南缘的基底由不同时代的小陆块碰撞、拼贴导致基底陆壳增生.