苏丹Muglad盆地Fula坳陷油气地球化学特征与成藏意义

Fula坳陷位于Muglad盆地东北部,面积约5 000 km2,FN油田是该坳陷最大的亿吨级油田。油气储层主要为白垩系Abu Gabra、Bentiu和Aradeiba组。应用油藏地球化学的方法对FN油田的成藏期次进行了探讨。FN油田Abu Gabra、Bentiu和Aradeiba组原油特征相似,来源于同一套烃源岩,原油既表现出正构烷烃、藿烷、甾烷系列分布完整等正常油特征,又表现出色谱基线抬升、高峰度UCM、25 降藿烷出现等生物降解油特征,这些特征表明FN油田经历了至少两期成藏过程,早期充注的原油遭受生物降解后又接受后期成熟度较高的原油充注。根据构造演化、埋藏史和生排烃史可以研究生烃期次及油气成藏特征。Abu Gabra组烃源岩发生了两次生烃作用,第一次生烃作用发生在晚白垩世,Ro达到0.6%以上,进入生排烃作用阶段,晚白垩世末构造抬升作用使这次生烃产物遭受较为严重的生物降解;第二次生烃作用发生在古近纪,Abu Gabra组烃源岩进入生油高峰阶段,是本区最重要的一次生油作用和成藏过程,与该次成藏事件相关的构造圈闭是Fula坳陷油气勘探的重点。     

The Fractal Characteristics of Drainage Networks and Erosion Evolution Stages of Ten Kongduis in the Upper Reaches of the Yellow River,China

The fractal characteristics of drainage in the ten kongduis of the upper Yellow River were obtained using the box counting dimension, and the evolution stages of the watershed topography were defined by different ranges of the fractal dimensions of river networks (Dg). The results show that the fractal scaleless range of the Maobula River is 20–370 m based on a combination of artificial judgment, correlation coefficient test and fitting error. Other kongduis show good fractal characteristics in this fractal scaleless range as well. The box counting dimension can be used as a quantitative index of watershed topography fractal characteristics. The fractal dimension of stream networks is independent of the threshold contributing area used for extracting the drainage networks from the DEM. The values of Dg in the upper ten kongduis are in the range of 1.08?1.14. Both the runoff yield and the sediment yield are positively and linearly related with Dg. The positive relation between the sediment yield and Dg reflects the effect of landform features on sediment yield in the young and/or mature stages of landform evolution of the study area. By revising the critical value of Dg, the value of Dg of the basin in the young evolution stage is less than 1.06, while it is more than 1.06 for the basin in mature or old evolution stage. The upper ten kongduis are in the mature stage of landform evolution.     

葛坪铅锌矿地质特征及成矿阶段划分

葛坪铅锌矿是一个多阶段形成的中温热液充填交代矿床,主要的矿化类型有脉状、稀疏和稠密浸染状等。本文阐述了葛坪铅锌矿的基本地质特征,并通过在野外对矿床不同的成矿作用及矿化蚀变的观察研究,及室内对矿石结构、构造、矿物组合及先后关系的研究,将矿床的形成划分出五个成矿阶段：1早矽卡岩阶段;2晚矽卡岩阶段;3脉状铅锌硫化物阶段;4硫化物-石英阶段;5方解石阶段。     

对中国地震预报现状与未来的思考

本文是作者根据自己多年从事地震预报的经历与实践,将我国地震预报的38年历史分为四个阶段,概括了我国地震预报的主要进展和成就,指出地震预报的难点及我国地震预报的思路和技术上存在的几个问题,最后对我国地震预报发展战略提出思考。作者的观点和建议可供地震主管部门的领导和地震分析预报人员参考     

中国中西部前陆盆地多期成藏、晚期聚气的成藏特征

中国中西部前陆盆地具有优越的天然气成藏条件,同时具有晚期成藏的特征。文中在典型气藏解剖的基础上重点讨论了川西、柴北缘和准南缘前陆盆地的成藏过程,从而指出中国中西部前陆盆地具有多期聚集、晚期聚气的成藏特征,明确指出中国中西部前陆盆地具有最主要的两大成藏期,一是燕山晚期,主要是被动陆缘或中部前陆盆地三叠系烃源岩的油气聚集期;二是喜山晚期,受新构造运动影响,主要是西部陆内前陆盆地的中、新生界烃源岩的天然气成藏期和中部周缘前陆盆地的天然气的调整期。新近纪前陆盆地的发育期控制了中国中西部前陆盆地以中生界煤系烃源岩为主的晚期天然气的聚集。     

气候地层中0.9Ma以来同位素亚段的再划分

同位素段、亚段乃至次亚段的划分实质上是定义不同级别 (层次 )的气候事件 ,为全球不同级别气候事件的对比提供参照。但已有的研究可能受区域性因素及记录本身条件所限 ,对同位素亚段、次亚段划分的数目及对比不尽一致。基于太阳辐射曲线、柴达木盆地高分辨率自然伽玛 (GR)曲线及其他相关气候记录的对比研究发现 ,同位素亚段的划分与太阳辐射曲线岁差周期间存在着明确的对应关系 ,据此对 0 .9Ma以来同位素亚段划分进行补充和校正。基于气候层次的观点 ,建议以太阳辐射曲线为参照 ,对同位素亚段重新进行系统命名 ,在轨道尺度变化这一级取消次亚段 ,即完全按照太阳辐射曲线峰值进行亚段编号。     

Estimation of size at first maturity in two South African coral species

The corals Acropora austera and Platygyra daedalea have been the subject of extensive reproductive and population genetic studies in the iSimangaliso Wetland Park (iSimangaliso), on the KwaZulu-Natal coast, eastern South Africa. Despite this, estimates of size at first maturity in these two species are lacking. This information could be used to provide a baseline to differentiate juveniles from adult sizes of corals, an important factor for assessing the condition of scleractinian communities in reefs. Here, we present the methods followed to provide such estimates for these two hard corals. Using generalised linear models and assuming knife-edge maturity (50% probability), it was estimated that A. austera from iSimangaliso matures at c. 15 cm mean colony diameter (MCD) (95% CI: 9.25–20.75 cm MCD) and P. daedalea matures at c. 7 cm MCD (95% CI: 4.55–8.39 cm MCD). These estimates were comparable to those for tropical species which is remarkable considering the high-latitude nature of the sampled reefs. It is expected that the findings from this study will assist in the assessment of reproduction, recruitment, survival and genetic variation in clonal organisms such as corals, and will provide a baseline to assess the effects of climate change on coral communities in the region.     

延吉盆地多期不整合面的形成及其油气地质意义

延吉盆地是一个后期改造较为强烈的断陷盆地。应用地震、地质、测井资料识别出延吉盆地中存在6个较大的不整合面,它们以角度不整合和超覆不整合2种类型为主。分析认为,燕山Ⅰ、Ⅱ幕运动形成了盆地雏形,燕山Ⅳ幕运动则使盆地回返,此期出现大量高岭石（40%）,表明其与大气水淋滤等有关。短暂沉降后（龙井组）,燕山运动晚期（Ⅴ幕）发生的又一次大规模以南北挤压为主的构造运动,导致南北两翼抬起幅度巨大,剥蚀厚度超过700 m,盆地中部剥蚀厚度大约为300 m。不整合面是划分三大构造层（前断陷期、断陷期、坳陷期）的依据。其早白垩世铜佛寺组和大砬子组间的整合关系利于油气的生成。不整合面既可改善储集体的渗透性,又是形成油气二次运移的良好通道。初步预测与不整合有关的油气藏（侵蚀残丘、地层超覆不整合、断层坡折）可作为下一步勘探的目标。     

Effects of exposure to four endocrine disrupting-chemicals on fertilization and embryonic development of Barbel chub (Squaliobarbus curriculus)

The toxicities of 4 common endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs), 17β-estradiol (E2), p,p′-dichlorodiphenyldichloro-ethylene (DDE), 4-nonylphenol (NP) and tributyltin (TBT), to sperm motility, fertilization rate, hatching rate and embryonic development of Barbel chub (Squaliobarbus curriculus) were investigated in this study. The duration of sperm motility was significantly shortened by exposure to the EDCs at the threshold concentrations of 10 ng L^?1 for E2 and TBT, 1 μg L^?1 for NP and 100 μg L^?1 for DDE, respectively. The fertilization rate was substantially reduced by the EDCs at the lowest observable effect concentrations (LOECs) of 10 ng L^?1 for E2 and TBT and 10 μg L^?1 for DDE and NP, respectively. Of the tested properties of S. curriculus, larval deformity rate was most sensitive to EDC exposure and was significantly increased by DDE at the lowest experimental level of 0.1 μg L^?1. Other EDCs increased the larval deformity rate at the LOECs of 1 ng L^?1 for E2, 10 ng L^?1 for TBT and 1 μg L^?1 for NP, respectively. Despite their decreases with the increasing EDC concentrations, the hatching rate and larval survival rate of S. curriculus were not significantly affected by the exposure to EDCs. The results indicated that all the 4 EDCs affected significantly and negatively the early life stages of the freshwater fish S. curriculus. Overall, E2 and TBT were more toxic than NP and DDE, while DDE might be more toxic to larval deformity rate than to other measured parameters. Thus, the 4 EDCs showed potential negative influences on natural population dynamics of S. curriculus. Our findings provided valuable basic data for the ecological risk assessment of E2, DDE, NP and TBT.     

内蒙古孟恩陶勒盖银铅锌矿床地质特征及找矿标志

孟恩陶勒盖大型银铅锌矿产于晚二叠世花岗岩杂岩体中心部位,矿床的主要容矿构造为一组沿东西向或近东西向展布向东收敛的脆性断裂带.成矿作用大致经历了4个阶段,形成了44条脉状矿体,按容矿构造分布划分为上、中、下3个矿脉群,其中主矿体9条,较大分支矿体9条,主矿体上下盘小矿体26条.矿床自下至上,具锌矿石-银铅锌矿石-银铅矿石的明显分带性.工业矿物主要为闪锌矿、方铅矿、深红银矿、黑硫银锡矿、自然银,主要有益组分为锌、铅、银,主要伴生有益组分有铟、镉、镓、铜、锡、金.矿床成因初步认为是裂隙充填脉状银铅锌多金属中温热液型,找矿标志明显.